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Scientific research has revealed that the universe is literally built up. The Almighty is thus a great Architect. But every wise architect has plans drawn of the work which is intended to be done. So, consistently, the greatest of all architects has His drawings too, revealing His plan and purpose in regard to this planet Earth. Never heard of such a thing before, says someone! No, of course not, for God did not intend that any should know until this our day. The Bible reveals that not only has the Almighty Architect got a plan, but He also has a plan for revealing that plan. Daniel is the outstanding Biblical Book of chronological prophecy, and therein the Divine decree is given, "Shut up the words and seal the book even to the time of the end: many shall travel to and fro and knowledge shall be increased" (Daniel 12: 4). Thus the Divine plan of the ages was to be concealed until "the time of the end"-a time when "many shall travel and knowledge shall be increased."

  Much and rapid traveling and unprecedented increase of knowledge are outstanding characteristics of our present day. We are therefore in "the time of the end," and since 1914 the Old Order is being broken up. Accordingly, the due time has come when God said He would reveal the future "times and seasons" of His plan, hitherto concealed throughout all ages. Consequently, the major matters in the Book of Daniel and other prophetic Books of the Bible have been revealed right on time, and in addition, like any wise architect, God has disclosed where His drawings are. Moreover, these plans are portrayed on better material than paper, namely, in stone, within the largest and most substantial building in the World, the Great Pyramid of Gizeh-in what seems to be a most unlikely place, camouflaged and concealed, ostensibly in a pharaoh's pyramid so as to keep them a profound secret and unsuspected all down the ages till the present due time, divinely appointed. As W. Marsham Adams, the eminent Egyptologist and Oxford scholar, states with regard to the Great Pyramid, "we are led to suggest a spiritual and a most far-sighted purpose for its construction"-

The Book of the Master of the Hidden Places, page 23 (1933 Edition).

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It is not yet generally known that the Almighty arranged for His great and wonderful plan to be portrayed in symbols of stone long before the Bible was written. Modern discovery and research have revealed the fact that this, the World's most massive edifice, symbolically and by measurement, declares the great Divine Plan of the Ages from the beginning to the consummation.

  As we can now demonstrate that the Great Pyramid was built under Divine inspiration, this fact in itself proves that God thought it was necessary for us, therefore it does not matter what we think. It is not for puny man to begin debating with the Almighty as to whether the Pyramid is necessary or not if God Himself in His infinite wisdom sees that it is necessary. Had it not been necessary God would not have had it built. Therefore if we ignore or neglect the Pyramid in these perilous days at the close of this Age we will miss something valuable which God has specially provided for us in this day and generation. The Great Pyramid displays the Christian religion upon a scientific basis in response to the scientific appeal of our age. So great is the spiritual power of God's inspired Pyramid that many have been brought to Christ through it, when even the Bible, at first, did not draw them.

  Pyramidology, although as yet only in its infancy as a science, reveals in a wonderful way the origin, the course through the ages and the destiny, of mankind. According to the Divine Will, and right down to the present day, the history of the World has worked out exactly according to the pattern of Pyramid prophecy recorded over 4,000 years ago. Before dealing with these features of Pyramidology, however, it will be helpful to give a description of the Pyramid as a whole and this we now proceed to do in the next Chapter.

20

The Divine Great Pyramid

When God of old devised this Plan,

As witness and a guide to man,

He based His symbols and His signs

On truly scientific lines;

For well He knew that in the end,

Would science and religion blend.

Thus for our benefit is shown,

The Bible symbolized in stone.

And if God's Holy Book you love,

And wish Jehovah's words to prove,

His myst'ries can be seen, long hid,

In The Divine Great Pyramid.

Amy Frances Cox

CHAPTER II

DESCRIPTION OF

THE GREAT PYRAMID

  The Great Pyramid is situated ten miles to the south-west of the modern city of Cairo in Egypt and stands on the northern edge of the Gizeh Plateau, 198 feet above sea level, in the eastern extremity of the Libyan section of the great Sahara Desert and has attracted more attention than any other building in the World. Viewed from whatever standpoint, it is a marvel of marvels. Amongst the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Great Pyramid was recognized as the greatest of them all and consequently was placed at the head of the list.* Although it was the oldest of those Wonders, it has proved to be the most enduring, for it is the only one out of the whole seven that remains to-day, and owing to its particular type of construction it will manifestly yet stand for countless thousands of years to come. All down the ages since it was built, historians, architects, poets, scientists, and authors have eloquently voiced their wonder and admiration regarding it. Hearken to the following eulogies of famous men concerning this wonderful Pyramid!

* The Seven Wonders of the World were: (I) The Great Pyramid in Egypt, (2) The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, (3) The tomb of Mausolus, King of Caria, The Halicarnassus (4) The Temple of Diana at Ephesus, (5) The Colossus of Rhodes, (6) The Statue of Jupiter Olympus, (7) The Pharos at Alexandria.

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  James Ferguson, in his great work History of Architecture (Vol. IV, p. 31) describes the Great Pyramid as "the most perfect and gigantic specimen of masonry that the world has yet seen." The same author also says, "No one can possibly examine the interior of the Great Pyramid without being struck with astonishment at the wonderful mechanical skill displayed in its construction. The immense blocks of granite brought from Syene (Aswan), a distance of 500 miles, polished like glass, are so fitted that the joints can scarcely be detected. Nothing can be more wonderful than the extraordinary amount of knowledge displayed in the construction of the discharging chambers over the roof of the principal apartment, in the alignment of the sloping galleries, in the provision of ventilating shafts, and in all the wonderful contrivances of the structure. Nothing more perfect, mechanically, has ever been erected since that time."

  James Baikie, the historian, says the Pyramid is "the most marvelous building that the mind and hand of man ever planned and executed."

  Professor Graeves, astronomer, in Pyramidographia says "The structure of it hath been the labor of an exquisite hand."

 Sir W. Flinders Petrie, Egyptologist, states "The pavement, lower casing and entrance passage [of the Great Pyramid] are exquisitely wrought; in fact the means employed for placing and cementing the blocks of soft limestone, weighing a dozen or twenty tons each, with such hair-like joints, are almost in conceivable at present; and the accuracy of the leveling is marvelous" He further says, "How in the casing of the Great Pyramid, they could fill with cement a vertical joint about 5 feet by 7 feet in area, and only averaging one-fiftieth (1/50) part of an inch thick is a mystery. . . yet this was the usual work over 13 acres of surface, with tens of thousands of casing stones, none less than a ton in weight."

William Kingsland, engineer, wrote concerning the internal passages and chambers of the Pyramid, "Altogether they are absolutely unique both in design and construction. There is nothing like them in any other known building in the World. Every passage, every chamber, almost every stone, is a problem."

  W. Marsham Adams, Egyptologist, in House if the Hidden Places declared: "It is absolutely unique. No other building, it may be safely averred, contains any structure bearing the least resemblance to the upper chambers. That its various features are meaningless, or the mere result of caprice, is a suggestion to which the forethought and lavishness of calculation displayed in every detail unmistakably gives the lie.

Nor again can we maintain that they are necessary for the purposes of an ordinary tomb. For, they are not to be found in other pyramids which were used for that purpose."

  Dr. S. Birch, Egyptologist, wrote: "The technical masonry was unrivalled."

  The poet Petrocchi, realizing the extreme antiquity of the Pyramid and that it was in existence long ages before any of the other six Wonders of the Ancient World, penned the following lines regarding it:

* (Translation from the Italian by Charles Strong).

  I ask'd of Time: "To whom arose this high

Majestic pile, here moldering in decay?"

He answer'd not, but swifter sped his way,

With ceaseless pinions winnowing the sky.

  To Fame I turn'd: "Speak thou, whose sons defy

The waste of years, and deathless works essay!"

She heaved a sigh, as one to grief a prey,

And silent, downward cast her tearful eye.

  Onward I pass'd, but sad and thoughtful grown,

When, stern in aspect, o'er the ruin'd shrine

I saw Oblivion stalk from stone to stone.

  "Dread Power!" I cried, "Tell me whose vast design-"

He checked my further speech, in sullen tone;

"Whose once it was, I care not; now 'tis mine!"

 Io chiesi al Tempo: ed a chi sorse il grande

Amplo edifizio che qui al suol traesti?.

Ei non risponde, e pili veloci e presti

Fuggitivo per l'aere i vanni spande.

  Dico alia Fama: O tu che all' ammirande

Cose dài vita e questi avanzi e questi!

China ella gli occhi conturbati e mesti,

Qual chi dogliosi alti sospiri tramande.

  Io gia volgea maravigliando il passo

Quando sull' alta mole, altero in mostra,

Visto girsene Obblio di sasso in sasso;

  Ah tu, gridai, forse apristi, ah! mostra ---

Ma in tuono ei m'interruppe, orrido et basso,

Io di chi fu non curo; adesso è nostra.

 Basil Stewart, engineer, in his book The Witness of the Great Pyramid, pp. 2-3, comments: "Even as the pyramids of Gizeh are far in advance of all other true pyramids throughout Egypt, both on the purity of form and excellence of construction and preservation, so is there one amongst this group which transcends in intellectual value all the others; one that, throughout four millenniums, has been involuntarily called by all the world the 'Great Pyramid', and which stands out, the more it is examined, above all its fellows not only by virtue of its colossal dimensions, but also on account of its wonderful internal structure, its greater antiquity, and its far more frequent - in fact, in comparison, its almost sole - historical mention by men of numerous nations from the time of Herodotus, the father of historians, down to the present. It is indeed, the obvious superiority of construction and conception of the Great Pyramid which have rendered it a mystery to men of all times and races.

The Great Pyramid stands out now, clearer than it has ever done before . . . rivaling, and in many respects surpassing, the greatest constructive achievements of the present century, both in workmanship and practical execution."

  Perrot and Chipiez, architects, in their work “Ancient Egyptian Art” declare: "The glory of the workmen who built the Great Pyramid is the masonry of the Grand Gallery. The faces of the blocks of limestone of which its walls are composed have been dressed with a care that is not surpassed even by the most perfect examples of Hellenic architecture on the Acropolis at Athens."

  H. E. Licks, mathematician, states: "So mighty is the Great Pyramid at Gizeh and so solidly is it constructed that it will undoubtedly remain standing long after all other buildings now on Earth have disappeared." (Recreations in Mathematics, p.52.)

  With the exception of the comparatively small space occupied by the passages and chambers, the Great Pyramid is a solid mass of masonry having a huge square base and four tapering sides rising to a small square platform vertically over the centre of the base. All the other Pyramids in Egypt are smaller in size and inferior in workmanship to the Great Pyramid, being in the main the results of attempts to imitate it in its exterior appearance and use such as tombs. Although some of the modern skyscrapers in the large American cities are much higher than the Pyramid none of them can compare with it for massiveness. The original side length of the Pyramid's base is 755 3/4 feet and the structure covers an area of slightly over 13 British acres.*) The height up to the highest stones of the Pyramid's broken crowning platform as it is now is 454½ feet, but to the top of the Apex Stone of the perfect Pyramid of the Architect's original design is 485 feet. **) The volume of masonry (mainly limestone, but some granite) in this mighty monument reaches the colossal figure of 85,000,000 cubic feet. In bulk, the Great Pyramid is 2t times the size of America's largest and highest skyscraper - the Empire State Building in New York, U.S.A. (completed 1st May, 1931)-the cubic capacity of which is nearly 37,000,000 cubic feet. But the volume of actual masonry (stone, brick, concrete, and plaster) in the Empire State Skyscraper is considerably less than 3,000,000 cubic feet. That is to say there is enough masonry in the Great Pyramid to construct about 30 Empire State Skyscrapers! To make another comparison: there is sufficient stone in the Great Pyramid to build a wall three feet high and one foot thick extending over 5,360 miles-a distance which is greater than that from the Great Pyramid in Egypt to the city of Halifax in Nova Scotia, Canada (direct). The number of stones in the structure was estimated at about 2,300,000 by Sir Flinders Petrie. The original weight of the Great Pyramid was over 5,500,000 British tons. It is both the largest and the heaviest building in the World and it also contains more stones than any other.

*) The area of the base of the Great Pyramid is practically the same as that of Lincoln's Inn Fields, London.

**) 481 feet on the contracted base, as explained in PYRAMIDOLOCY, Book II.

  Before the Arabs began to tear off the very beautiful casing stones some six centuries or so ago, the Great Pyramid was lovely to behold; its lofty summit of dazzling white towered high into the deep blue Egyptian skies. The ancient writer, Strabo, said of the Great Pyramid, "It seemed like a building let down from heaven, untouched by human hands."

  The workmanship displayed in the construction of the Pyramid has never been surpassed. Each of the four sides of the mighty structure originally had an area of 5t acres, thus totaling 21 acres of original magnificent smooth limestone blocks, which in the brilliant sunshine of Egypt, acted as gigantic mirrors reflecting great beams of light that could be seen for many miles all around. Hence by the ancient Egyptians the Great Pyramid was called Ta Khut, "The Light,” and also Ikhet, meaning the "Glorious,” and as we shall presently see, the Great Pyramid is indeed "The Glorious Light.” *)

* The Second Pyramid of Gizeh, the Pyramid of Khafra, was called The Great by the ancient Egyptians, as what we now call the Great Pyramid was then called The Light. The Sphinx, sometimes called the Giant Sphinx or Great Sphinx, of Gizeh, having an over-all length of about 240 feet and a height of 66 feet, lies to the east of the Second Pyramid, with which it and the Second Pyramid's Valley Building are connected by a great causeway (see diagram p. 18). The widely circulated story that the Sphinx's head is that of a woman is not correct. The Greek female sphinx was a later introduction. All Egyptian sphinxes were male. Egyptological authorities today are practically unanimous that the head of the Sphinx is that of Khafra (IVth Dynasty), the pharaoh in whose reign the Second Pyramid was built. Regarding the origin of the Sphinx we quote from the eminent Egyptologist and Pyramidist, I. E. S. Edwards, Head of the Department of Egyptian Antiquities in the British Museum, London: "South of the Great Pyramid complex and near the Valley Building of the Second Pyramid lies the Giant Sphinx. A knoll of rock, which had been left by the builders of the Great Pyramid, when quarrying stone for its inner core, was fashioned in the time of Chephren [Khafra] into a huge recumbent lion with a human head. In Egyptian mythology the lion often figures as the guardian of sacred places. A possible reason for the identification of the Sun-god's features with those of the deceased king may be the Heliopolitan belief that the king, after his death, actually became the Sun-god. The Giant Sphinx would therefore represent Chephren [Khafra] as the Sun-god acting as the guardian of the Giza necropolis.” - The Pyramids of Egypt, pp. 105, 106, 107. By the Arabs the Sphinx is called Abu’I-hawl, "Father of Terror.”

  When the Hindus saw the Great Pyramid they called it "The Golden Mountain.” Especially at the time of sunset on the desert, the massive Pyramid took on a lovely golden hue, and even at the present day this is still true to a certain extent notwithstanding the terribly dilapidated condition of the Pyramid's exterior.

The beautiful smooth blocks which covered the entire exterior, thus encasing the whole structure, became known as Casing Stones. At the present day, only a few of these are left in position on each side at the base, most of the others having been stripped off by the Arabs and cut up to build their mosques in Cairo. It was not until A.D. 1925, when the Egyptian Government Survey was made, that sufficient debris was cleared away to exhibit the casing stones for a considerable length on all four sides of the Pyramid, at the base. The author was fortunate in arriving at the Great Pyramid for research work that very year, almost immediately after the excavations were completed, and on another occasion he was again fortunate in arriving at the Pyramid (in 1950) after the Government had cleared the debris from the entire base, on all four sides. *)

  * The masonry now exposed on the exterior of the Pyramid consists almost entirely of backing stones, i.e. stones that lay immediately behind the casing stones. On these backing stones are thousands of inscriptions of visitors of many nations. Of these graffiti, the earliest dated is that of A. Baso, 1441, thus showing that some of the casing stones had been removed prior to that date. Doubtless many of the casing stones had been loosened by the terrible earthquake of A.D. 1301 which is said to have almost destroyed the city of Cairo nearby. The previous Egyptian earthquake of A.D. 908 does not appear to have affected the Great Pyramid very much, for according to the account of the Arab historian, Abd-el-Latif, who saw the Pyramid over 300 years later, it was apparently still in its perfect state, although a few casing stones must have been removed at one spot in A.D. 820 when Caliph AI Mamoun made his forced entry. The casing stones still in situ at the base are all-important, for by these we are enabled to ascertain the precise original dimensions of the Pyramid. Probably the person who stripped off more casing than any other was Sultan Hasan, who used the exterior of the Great Pyramid as a quarry for obtaining beautiful stones to build his mosque in A.D. 1356. This mosque, known as Mosque Sultan Hasan, is considered to be the grandest in Cairo and its South Minaret is the highest in the city (280 feet).

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  Regarding the wonderful Casing Stones, Prof. C. Piazzi Smyth says: "There never were such exemplary casing stones as these of the Great Pyramid, so superbly large and so marvelously accurate, erected anywhere else, whether in Egypt or in any other land, either before or since."

 One of the largest of the remaining Casing Stones is nearly 5 feet high, by 8 1/4 feet at bottom, by 6 3/4 feet and weighs about 14 British tons. A few have been removed to other lands. Apart from those still left on the Pyramid, the most perfect specimen anywhere to be found is that preserved in a glass case in the Royal Scottish Observatory, Edinburgh. It was recovered from the mounds of sand and stones lying at the foot of the Pyramid by Waynman Dixon, C.E., who presented it to the then Astronomer Royal for Scotland, Professor C. Piazzi Smyth. The Astronomer Royal for Scotland, Professor W. M. H. Greaves,*) kindly granted the author permission to have the large glass case removed and to examine, measure and photograph this Casing Stone, in December 1941. The photographs are reproduced facing p. 64. This is one of the smaller type of Casing Stones from the upper part of the Pyramid, and measures 21 inches high, 19t inches broad at the top and I yard at the bottom, whilst its length is 1 Sacred Cubit, that is, just over 25 British inches. The angle of the face of the stone shows the steepness of the sloping faces of the Pyramid. **)

*) By a striking coincidence the first book to be written on the Great Pyramid in the English language was also by a Professor Greaves, who likewise was an astronomer (John Greaves, Savilian Professor of Astronomy at Oxford). This book was called Pyramidographia and was published in London in the year 1646. The work is descriptive and records what ancient writers said about the Pyramids, but mainly about the Great Pyramid.

 **) There are also three specimens of small casing stones from the north side of the Great Pyramid to be seen in the British Museum, London.

  The classical historian Herodotus records that in placing the casing on the Great Pyramid, the builders began at the top and worked downwards and that the last casing stones to be built-in were those of the bottom course on the ground.

  The core masonry behind the casing-stones is rough, as it is merely filling and this is what is now exposed to view on the Pyramid's sides. It is composed largely of coarse limestone (nummulitic) partly from the Gizeh Plateau itself on which the Pyramid is built. The casing stones all came from the quarries of Masara and Turra in the Mokattam Hills on the opposite side of the River Nile and at a distance of some nine miles and upwards.

  The Pyramid's principal interior apartment, the King's Chamber, however, is constructed entirely of red granite from the quarries at Aswan (Syene). The roof of the King's Chamber is formed of enormous granite beams, these being the largest known stones in the whole building; in fact one of them is 27 feet long by 5 feet broad and 7 feet deep, and weighs about 70 tons. Syene, from which these granite blocks came, was well over 500 miles distant.

  This marvelous architectural skill is rendered all the more wonderful when we bear in mind that the monument is exceedingly ancient. The question naturally arises: When was the Great Pyramid built? The query is easy to answer, for we have first-hand information from the Pyramid itself on the point.

  In 1763 Nathaniel Davison (British Consul at Algiers) discovered a "construction chamber" immediately over the roof of the King's Chamber, and this has been named Davison's Chamber after him. Over seventy years later, in 1837, Colonel Howard Vyse discovered, above Davison's Chamber, four more Chambers of Construction, which he named respectively, Wellington's Chamber, Nelson's Chamber, Lady Arbuthnot's Chamber and Campbell's Chamber-the last named being the topmost. These constructional recesses are where original hieroglyphics are to be found, and they exist in all of them except Davison's Chamber. The great value of these hieroglyphs lies in the fact that they exhibit the cartouche of Khufu (Cheops) as the Egyptian king in whose reign the Pyramid was built.

CARTOUCHE OF KHUFU

Khufu was a king of the Fourth Egyptian Dynasty, so the Great Pyramid is therefore over 4,500 years old. That is to say, it was already an old building when Abraham entered Egypt in the twenty-first century, B.C. It was older still when the Israelites came to Egypt; in fact, it was while the Israelites were in the land of the pharaohs that the Great Pyramid's 1,000’th anniversary occurred. By the time that Jesus was brought to Egypt as a child, the Pyramid was very ancient - 2,600 years old! But many long centuries after that, Napoleon gazed up at the Great Pyramid and exclaimed" More than 40 centuries look down upon us!" Yes, the Pyramid was 4,400 years old in Napoleon's day.

  Then the Pyramid itself by its own wonderful symbolism and system of measurements, as explained in subsequent pages, gives the precise date of its own construction as beginning in the year 2623 B.C. The Pyramid is therefore more than a thousand years older than the first Book of the Bible.

  From Herodotus, who has been called "the Father of History" we learn that 100,000 men (relayed every three months and given free rations) were employed for 20 years in erecting this Great Pyramid, wherein are no less than 203 courses of masonry.

  Who built this wonderful Pyramid? An ancient Egyptian tradition says "The plans were let down from heaven", or as we would say today, they were divinely inspired. But we have no specific information as to who was the builder; although we know in whose reign it was erected. A theory widely held amongst Pyramid believers in the 19th century and early years of the 20th century that it was built by a Hyksos has now been exploded by the great advance in archaeological research in which it has been proved that the Great Pyramid was built about nine hundred years before the Hyksos came to Egypt. Similarly, the idea that the Israelites had to do with the building of the Pyramid has been demonstrated to be utterly untenable, for it was constructed many centuries before the Israelites even came into existence. The theory that the Great Pyramid was built by Shem is also incorrect, for we now know that Shem was not living at the time, as his days, on the other hand, were prior to the Pyramid's erection; although what available evidence we have indicates that a descendant of Shem, a Shemite, was its builder. Enoch lived long centuries before the building of the Great Pyramid, but there is a direct connection between the Revelation given to Enoch and that enshrined in the Great Pyramid and this we deal with in Chapter V.

  But there is one tradition that could be true, although we do not know definitely, namely: that the builder of the Pyramid was Almodad, the son of Joktan (Genesis 10: 26). The Chaldaic Paraphrase of Jonathan ascribes to Almodad the credit of being the inventor of Geometry, "who measured the Earth to its extremities,” and, as we will show later, the Great Pyramid was constructed according to a marvelous geometric design.

  Peleg was the uncle of Almodad (Genesis 10: 25-26) and the son of Eber or Heber, whose descendants became known as Hebrews. By the chronological data available we know that the Pyramid was built during the quarter-century immediately prior to 2600 B.C. and that this was in the days of Peleg (see the author's Treatise on Bible Chronology, p. 179) and for a period of time his nephew Almodad would be contemporary with him. Hence it is not impossible for Almodad to have been the builder of the Great Pyramid - under Divine inspiration of course, for God was the Architect, as we shall prove. His name Almodad or Elmodad (in the Septuagint) means "God is a Friend.” In harmony with all this, the classical writers, Manetho, Herodotus, and Diodorus say the builders (overseers) in the erection of the Great Pyramid belonged to a race outside Egypt who entered the country peaceably from the east: Herodotus records others as stating that they came from Arabia and this was the very territory where Almodad and his family lived (cf. Genesis 10: 30 R.S.V.). There was no slave labor on the work on this Pyramid as in the case of almost all the other pyramids that followed, for the men only worked in relays of 3 months and had free food.

  Of Peleg it is written, "In his days was the earth divided" (Genesis 10: 25; I Chronicles 1: 19). Although this of course refers to the division of the Earth or the peoples of the Earth in some way, nevertheless the language is such that it could have allusion to the Great Pyramid, seeing that the Pyramid was actually erected during Peleg's time; for the Great Pyramid is so placed on the Earth that it divides the land surface of the World into two equal parts-all the land east of the meridian on which the Pyramid stands being equal (within the limits of computation) to that west of it. Furthermore, the altitude of the top of the Great Pyramid is such that the level of the platform at its summit defines the mean land and sea level on the surface of the Globe (cf. Isaiah 40: 12, R.S.V.-The Lord God hath "measured the waters in the hollow of His hand and. enclosed the dust of the earth in a measure and weighed the mountains in scales and the hills in a balance").

  As stated by Abbé Moreux, Director of the Bourges Observatory, France, "The meridian of the Pyramid - the line running north and south, passing through its apex-is the ideal meridian; it is that which crosses the greatest amount of land and the smallest amount of sea." The Great Pyramid's opposite or nether meridian, at the same time, crosses the greatest amount of sea and smallest amount of land. Hence the meridian of the Great Pyramid is the natural zero of longitude for the entire Globe and would be the most suitable for international reckoning. As measured from the Greenwich (London) zero, it is Longitude 31 9' 0" E. The Pyramid stands at the centre of the land surface of the Earth: this was first observed by the astronomer, Prof. C. Piazzi Smyth.

  The Entrance to the Pyramid was blocked by a close-fitting casing stone and the way into all the upper passages was quite unknown until, in A.D. 820, Caliph AI Mamoun of Baghdad, son of Harum Al Raschid of Arabian Nights' fame, in the hope of finding treasure, forced a tunnel about 40 yards long through the solid masonry till the junction of the Descending and Ascending Passages happened to be struck.

  The hieroglyphics in the spaces over the King's Chamber in the Pyramid show that the Pyramid's interior was sealed in or just before the 17th year of the reign of Khufu. Now Khufu reigned 23 years, therefore the Pyramid was sealed up over 6 years before Khufu died. Khufu, whom the Greeks called Cheops (and Souphis), died circa 2600 B.C. This all goes to show, as we have said above, that in the case of the Great Pyramid, there is more to it than just a tomb or cenotaph.

  The ancient Arabic Akbar Ezzeman MS., tells us something of its purpose. It states that the Pyramid contains "The wisdom and acquirements in the different arts and sciences . . . the sciences of arithmetic and geometry that they might remain as records for the benefit of those who could afterwards comprehend them . . . the positions of the stars and their cycles; together with the history and chronicle of time past (and) of that which is to come."

  Although the great mass of scientific detail revealed in the Great Pyramid will be dealt with in Book IV, nevertheless, by way of interest, before proceeding to the spiritual and prophetic aspects, we give here a list of the more important scientific data disclosed relative to the Earth on which we live.

The Great Pyramid reveals:

(1) The spheroidical shape of the earth, i.e., the amount to which the Earth deviates from the true sphere, owing to what is commonly known as "flattening at the Poles", but which in reality is equatorial protuberance.

(2) The precession of the equinoxes.

(3) The length of the Earth's axis of rotation.

(4) The duration of the Earth's Mean Solar Tropical Year

(equal to the time the sun appears to make a complete revolution in the ecliptic-taken from one vernal equinox to the next) termed y (i.e., 365.242 days).

(5) The length of the Earth's Sidereal Year (the actual time that the Earth takes to revolve round the Sun-measured by stellar observations). i.e., 365.256 days.

(6) The period of the Earth's Anomalistic Year (the time taken by the Earth to make a complete revolution in its orbit-from perihelion to perihelion). i.e., 365.259 days.

(7) The length of the Earth's orbit.

(8) The mean distance of the Earth from the Sun.

(9) Volume of the Earth's crust above mean sea-level.

(10) The proportion of land and sea on the surface of the Earth.

(11) The weight of the Earth.

(12) The obliquity of the Ecliptic.

 Even the Great Pyramid itself is scientifically placed on the Earth's surface, as the following facts (and also those stated on page 34) prove: - .

(1) The Great Pyramid is the most accurately oriented edifice in the World, i.e., its four sides face due north, south, east, and west respectively. (The entrance is on the north face of the building).

(2) It is built at the centre governing the arc of the quadrant formation of the Nile Delta.

(3) It is built at the geographical centre of the land surface of the Earth (refer to a map of the World on a homalographic projection, i.e., an equal-area map).

(4) It stands on the longest land-contact meridian on the Earth's surface.

(5) It is situated on the longest land-contact Earth-circuit bearing (rhomb) on the Earth's surface.

It is worthy of special note also that the entire geometric structure of the Great Pyramid is designed on the basis of the p ratio, 3.14159, and the value y, 365.242 (the number of days in a year) expressed in Pyramid inches (p being the mathematical ratio upon which the whole physical universe is designed and y the number of days in the solar year).

  In mathematics, " p” (the sixteenth letter of the Greek alphabet) is the ratio between the circumference of a circle and the diameter. This sign p has been adopted because of the fact that the ratio in question has never yet been ascertained to its finality, although, of course, it has been calculated to an exceedingly high degree of precision, viz. to over 2,000 places of decimals. As an arithmetical vulgar fraction it is nearly 3 1/7, but it is usually quoted more correctly as 3.14159, which is sufficiently accurate for ordinary purposes, although astronomers and geodesists sometimes require the much more precise figure. *)

*) To 15 places of decimals 1T is 3.141592653589793.

  Now this geometric ratio p, which pervades the whole universe also pervades the Great Pyramid in its entirety, inside and outside. Whether we take the mighty building as a whole, or examine the minute features of its smallest chamber, the p ratio is everywhere predominant in the geometric construction. The Pyramid, completed, rises from a square base, by four triangular faces, to an apex over the centre of the base. The angle of the slope of the Pyramid's sides is such that it results in the vertical height of the building bearing the same ratio to the circuit of the base that the radius of a circle does to the circumference. In other words, if the height of the Pyramid to the apex be taken as the radius of a circle, the distance round the Pyramid is found to be exactly equal to the circumference of that circle:

Geometric Construction of the Great Pyramid

Circumference of the Circle = Perimeter of the Square

see drawing. The angle of the Pyramid's faces necessary to produce this result is consequently known as the pyramidic p angle and is 51 51' 14.3".

  The origin of the word pyramid (French pyramide; Latin pyramid, pyramidis; Greek pyramis, pyramidos) is not definitely known. Most authorities believe the original derivation to be Egyptian, but there have probably been more explanations, opinions, and guesses expressed regarding the origin of the word pyramid than in the case of any other word in the English Language.

However, the word pyramid now means any solid figure or structure having a rectilinear plane figure as base and having triangular sides meeting at a point called the vertex or apex. Technically, the Great Pyramid (with capstone complete) would be defined by mathematicians as a regular square pyramid called regular because its vertex is situated on the perpendicular to the centre of the base and all its triangular sides are identical and called square because the rectilinear figure constituting its base is a square.

CHAPTER III

BIBLICAL IDENTIFICATION OF THE GREAT PYRAMID

REVEALING ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE

The Bible speaks of a monument in Egypt that would be a witness to God and identifies it as the Great Pyramid by defining its unique geometric and geographical location. The passage of Scripture in question is Isaiah 19: 19-20, reading:

 "In that day shall there be an altar to the LORD in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar (Hebrew "matstsebah” = monument) at the border thereof to the LORD. And IT shall be for a sign, and for a witness unto the LORD of Hosts in the land of Egypt."

  The Hebrew word here translated Egypt is Mizraim, which in Arabic today is Misr. The Encyclopedia Britannica under the caption "Egypt" states, "The distinguishing features of Egypt are the Nile and the desert. But for the river there would be nothing to differentiate the country from the other parts of the Sahara. The Nile, however, has transformed the land through which it passes. Piercing the desert, and at its annual overflow depositing rich sediment brought from the Abyssinian highlands, the river has created the Delta and the fertile strip in Upper Egypt This cultivable land is Egypt proper; to it alone is applicable the ancient name-'the black land'. The Misr of the Arabs is restricted to the same territory. Beyond the Nile valley, east and west stretch great deserts." From this it is clear that Mizraim or Egypt was the cultivated territory and that the edge of the desert was the border (it is only recently in our modern day that extended artificial boundaries were drawn). Gizeh is an Arabic word meaning skirt, edge or border. Hence the full official name of the Pyramid, The Great Pyramid of Gizeh means, in English, The Great Pyramid of the Border, in harmony with Isaiah 19: 19-20, which could well be paraphrased in English thus:

In that age there shall be, in the centre of Egypt and yet at the border (the desert edge), a monument that shall be a sign and an altar of witness to the Lord of Hosts, for they shall cry unto the Lord, because of the cruel oppressors, and He shall send them a mighty Savior, who shall Judge and deliver them.

  The translation of the Hebrew matstsebah by "pillar" in this verse of our English Bibles is unfortunate, for it gives the impression of a "column,” which in Hebrew is an entirely different word, ammud. Matstsebah means "a thing set up, a monument of any kind" and in the translation of this Scriptural passage in the French Bible it is correctly rendered "un monument" and the Esperanto Bible similarly gives "monumento.” The French Bible (Version d'Ostervald) renders this Scripture as follows:

En ce Jour-là, il y aura un autel à l’ Éternel au milieu du pays d’ Égypte, et un MONUMENT dressè à l’ Éternel sur la frontière : ce sera, pour l’ Eternel des armeès, un signe et un témoignage dans le pays d’ Égypt,. car ils crieront a l’ Éternel à cause des oppresseurs, et il leur enverra un Sauveur et un défenseur pour les délivrer. - Ésaïe 19: 19-20.

The Esperanto Bible (Zamenhof Version) reads:

En tiu tempo estos altaro por la Eternulo meze de la lando Egipta, kaj MONUMENTO por la Eternulo apud gia limo; kaj gi estos signo kaj atesto pri la Eternulo Cebaot en la lando Egipta,. car ili krios al la Eternulo pro la premantoj, kai Li sendos al ili Savanton kaj potenculon, kiu savos ilin.- Jesaja 19: 19-20.

Matstsebah means any monument, anything "set up" regardless of its size, whether it is a huge structure or only one stone, and regardless of its shape, whether it is a pyramid, a column, a pillar or a single block. It is this same word matstsebah that is again translated "pillar" in Genesis 28: 18, 22, in which case it was a solitary stone and, as recorded in verse 18 and in verse 22, Jacob "set it up for a monument.” It was to monumentalize a Divine revelation (verses 12-17), as also in the case of the great matstsebah or monument of Isaiah 19: 19-20 which we have now under consideration.

  This monument is also described as an altar. There are two types of altar mentioned in Scripture, namely, altars of sacrifice and altars of witness. In the case of altars of sacrifice strict commands were given that such were to be made of earth or stone, but if stone were used it must be unhewn - no tool must be used, "for if thou lift up thy tool upon it thou hast polluted it" (Exodus 20: 24-25). But in the case of altars of witness that were not for sacrifice (Joshua 22: 28, 34) no such instructions were issued. The altar of Isaiah 19: 19-20 is clearly stated to be an altar of witness: "it shall be for a sign and for a WITNESS unto the LORD of Hosts"; hence there is nothing to prevent its being built of hewn stone. In passing, it is interesting to note too that as our modern day is the appointed time at which this Witness is to speak, this monument is also become an altar in the modern sense of the word, namely, a place, literal or 'metaphorical, where homage is paid or worship offered. When once we realize that this monument is a witness to the Lord and is now speaking with Divine Authority, we instinctively do homage to God there (without necessarily visiting the literal monument, of course).

  Not only is this altar-monument plainly stated to be in Egypt, but its exact geographical position is defined. It is described as being "in the midst of the land of Egypt" and yet "at the border thereof.” There is only one spot on the face of the Earth that completely answers this description, both geometrically and geographically, and that spot is the precise place where the Great Pyramid actually stands. This apparently contradictory definition-in the centre and yet at the border - is true in several ways, because of the unique shape and configuration of the land of Egypt.

THE  NILE  DELTA  QUADRANT

The Great Pyramid of Gizeh stands

at the geometric centre and yet at the

southern extremity of the Quadrant

En ce Jour-là, il y aura un autel à l’ Éternel au milieu

du pays d’ Égypte, et un MONUMENT dressè à l’ Éternel

sur la frontière : ce sera, pour l’ Eternel des armeès,

un signe et un témoignage dans le pays d’ Égypt.“

Ésaïe 19: 19-20.

  First, this unique position is true in regard to political geography. This Great Pyramid of Gizeh was near to Memphis, the ancient capital of Egypt. So the Pyramid was at the political hub and yet at the border of Egypt. Today, it is also close to Cairo, the present capital of Egypt and the largest city in the whole of Africa - in fact the Cairo tramcars run out to the Great Pyramid and a panoramic view of the city and its environs is obtainable from the top of the monument.

  Thus the Great Pyramid is at the very heart of Egypt's political and social life, and yet it is at the very border of the country, for beyond the Pyramid there is nothing but the great Sahara Desert, which extends right across the African continent. To the immediate east of the Pyramid is highly cultivated and densely populated land on which stands the metropolis of Egypt, but to the immediate west of the building is the Great Desert-nothing but sand for many hundreds of miles.

  Secondly, the remarkable position of the Pyramid in regard to geometrical and physical geography was first noticed in 1868 by Henry Mitchell, Chief Hydrographer of the United States Coast Survey. The regularity of the general curvature of the coast of the Nile Delta impressed him, and on closer investigation actually found it to form a quadrant, and this naturally led him to ascertain what point marked the centre of that quadrant. To his astonishment he found that centre to be marked by the Great Pyramid, whereupon he exclaimed, "That monument stands in a more important physical situation than any other building erected by man."

  It is the most accurately oriented edifice on Earth; its four sides face respectively north, south, east, and west, hence it’s two diagonals, when produced to the north-west and northeast respectively, enclose the Delta "thus embracing the fan shaped country of Lower Egypt." Built upon the northernmost edge of the Gizeh cliff and looking out over this sector of the fan-shaped land of Egypt (for until modern times, the boundary of Egypt was where the cultivated land touched the desert) from its pivotal point, it may be truly said to be at the very border thereof, as well as at its governing centre. On this, Prof. C. Piazzi Smyth, Astronomer Royal for Scotland, comments, "Now Lower Egypt being as already described, of a sector, still more exactly than of a Delta shape, it must have its centre, not like a circle in the middle of its surface, but at one extreme corner thereof. Whereupon Mr. Mitchell has acutely remarked that the building which stands at, or just raised above, such a sectorial centre must be at one and the same time both at the border thereof, and yet at its quasi, or practically governing, middle. That is to say, just as was to be that grandly honored prophetic monument, pure and undefiled in its religious bearing, though in the idolatrous Egyptian land, alluded to by Isaiah (chapter 19); for was it not fore-ordained by the Divine Word to be both 'an altar to the Lord in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar at the border thereof'-An apparent mechanical impossibility, yet realized in the sectorial centre condition of the Great Pyramid." So we see that the Great Pyramid is in the midst of the land of Egypt and yet at the border of it, both geometrically and geographically.

  After thus defining the Pyramid's location, the Scriptures state the purpose of this altar-monument. "And it shall be for a sign and for a witness unto the Lord of Hosts in the land of Egypt; for they shall cry unto the Lord because of the oppressors, and He shall send them a Savior and a great one and He shall deliver them." (Isaiah 19: 20).

  The Akbar Ezzeman MS., as quoted on page 35 above, tells us that the Pyramid contains a chronicle of future events, and the Prophet Isaiah states that at a certain time then future it would be a witness to God. As those prophecies thus portrayed came to pass at the time predicted, it certainly proved the genuineness of the Pyramid and rendered it a witness to the power and foreknowledge of the Divine Architect-"a witness to the Lord." The Scripture cited in the last paragraph indicates that the fore-ordained time when the Pyramid would begin to be understood generally and thus testify to the Almighty, is during a period of distress that heralds the coming of the Savior (at His Second Advent) to deliver the World and uplift all nations and peoples. In other words, it is due to begin to speak now in the end of the Age during the present foretold "distress of nations with perplexity," and true to time, the Pyramid is now proclaiming its Message in no uncertain tones. Truly: The Great, the Mighty God, the Lord of Hosts, great in counsel and mighty in work . . . hast set signs and wonders in the land of Egypt even unto this day (Jeremiah 32: 18-20).

 In Isaiah, chapter 19, the verses (21-25) that follow the Great Pyramid Text, vs. 19-20, predict what will follow after the Pyramid begins to witness. As we have seen, verse 20 clearly speaks of the deliverance coming soon through the great Deliverer, Christ. Verse 22 states "And the LORD shall smite Egypt: He shall smite and heal it", whilst the context describes the peaceful and grand conditions that will obtain subsequently in the Near East during the imminent Millennial Reign of Christ, "In that day shall there be a highway out of Egypt to Assyria and the Assyrian shall come into Egypt and the Egyptian into Assyria and the Egyptians shall serve with the Assyrians. In that day shall Israel be a third with Egypt and with Assyria, even a blessing in the midst of the land: whom the LORD of Hosts shall bless, saying, Blessed be Egypt My people, and Assyria the work of My hands and Israel Mine inheritance" (verses 23-25). What a contrast to the terrible tension and trouble meanwhile!

  There is also a remarkable mathematical relationship between Isaiah 19: 19-20 and the Great Pyramid. In Hebrew, the letters of the alphabet were employed as arithmetical figures consequently every word is also a row of figures, and thus all Hebrew writing has a numeric value. Hebrew, of course, was the original language in which these verses were written. The words of the Hebrew text of Isaiah 19: 19-20 as numbers are as follows: 58, 17, 30, 57, 56, 428, 291, 380, 143, 121,46, 56, 26, 437, 110, 56, 499, 293, 380, 30, 276, 31, 26, 180, 178, 354, 75, 426, 208, 181. The total of these numbers is 5,449 which are termed the numeric value of these verses. But the actual height of the Great Pyramid as left by the ancient builders was 5,449 Pyramid inches! (The Pyramid inch is the unit of measurement in the structural design of the Great Pyramid, though it was not the unit actually used by the Egyptian workmen in the erection of the monument. This we deal with fully in later pages.) What a marvelous numerical identity, for had we been even the trifling amount of the 5,000’th part of an inch in error in ascertaining the value of the Pyramid inch, the height of the Pyramid expressed in Pyramid inches would not have corresponded with the numeric value of Isaiah 19: 19-20, the Pyramid Text of Scripture. In this connection it is necessary to note that, unlike the case of all other pyramids, the top-piece was never placed on the Great Pyramid, whose summit took the form of a small flat platform. We know this from the writings of the classical writers Diodorus and Pliny, both of whom saw this Pyramid as it was left by the ancient builders, before its exterior was interfered with by the Arab vandals. The 5,449 Pyramid inches is the height of the Pyramid just as it was built, to the crowning platform. All the details of the Hebrew figures making up the 5,449 are shown in the tabulation on the opposite page. This wonderful numerical identity of Isaiah 19: 19-20 was discovered by O. de Blaere of Antwerp, Belgium.

The Great Pyramid Text of Scripture

  This Great Pyramid Text of Scripture, in the original Hebrew, contains 30 words. In Hebrew the letters of the alphabet were employed as arithmetical figures, consequently every word is also a row of figures and thus all Hebrew writing has numeric value. The above Hebrew Text as numbers is as shown below-the value of every letter is given and each line represents a word. The total value is 5,449.

 (I) 2 + 10 + 6 + 40 = 58

 (2) 5 + 5 + 6 + I = 17

 (3) 10 + 5 + 10 + 5 - 30

 (4) 40 + 7 + 2 + 8 = 57

 (5) 30 + 10 + 5 + 6 + 5 - 56

 (6) 2 + 400 + 6 + 20 = 428

 (7) I + 200 + 90 = 291

 (8) 40 + 90 + 200 + 10 + 40 = 380

 (9) 6 + 40 + 90 + 2 + 5 - 143

(10) I + 90 + 30 -- 121

(11) 3 + 2 + 6 + 30 + 5 = 46

(12) 30 + 10 + 5 + 6 + 5 = 56

(13) 6 + 5 + 10 + 5 = 26

(14) 30 + I + 6 + 400 = 437

(15) 6 + 30 + 70 + 4 = 110

(16) 30 + 10 + 5 + 6 + 5 = 56

(17) 90 + 2 + I + 6 + 400 = 499

(18) 2 + I + 200 + 90 = 293

(19) 40 + 90 + 200 + 10 + 40 = 380

(20) 20 + 10 = 30

(21) 10 + 90 + 70 + 100 + 6 = 276

(22) I + 30 = 31

(23) 10 + 5 + 6 + 5 = 26

(24) 40 + 80 + 50 + 10 = 180

(25) 30 + 8 + 90 + 10 + 40 = 178

(26) 6 + 10 + 300 + 30 + 8 = 354

(27) 30 + 5 + 40 = 75

(28) 40 + 6 + 300 + 10 + 70 = 426

(29) 6 + 200 + 2 = 208

(30) 6 + 5 + 90 + 10 + 30 + 40 = 181

Height of the Great Pyramid in Pyramid inches = 5,449  50 PYRAMIDOLOGY

The stone is also defined as "the stone which the builders rejected.” In the case of the Great Pyramid alone, the crowning stone was never placed in position; it was rejected by the builders. Hence the only building which complies with the Biblical "illustration is the Great Pyramid of Gizeh. It is noteworthy too that, not only is this particular Pyramid the largest and best known of them all, but it is also the one that is nearest to Palestine, and hence the most familiar to the Israelites. Nor should it be forgotten that Abraham, Jacob, Joseph and indeed all the twelve sons of Jacob, Moses and Christ Himself, as well as countless thousands of less famous Israelites, had all seen the Great Pyramid in its original grandeur, but with its Top Stone missing, long before the vandalism of its exterior by the Arabs had taken place.

  The Top-Stone is a perfect pyramid in itself and is the model to which the whole edifice beneath conforms. The Biblical allegory reveals that this "stone" is to be exalted on high to its proper place and all brought into conformity with and subject to it. The Scriptures inform us that God hath highly exalted Jesus "that in all things he might have the pre-eminence." "That in the dispensation of the fullness of times he might gather together in one all things in Christ, both which are in heaven and which are on earth, even in him." Truly "the stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner." This same Head-Stone or Top-Stone is alluded to in the Old Testament prophecies. Recall the words of the Prophet Zechariah, "And he shall bring forth the head-stone thereof with shootings, crying Grace, grace unto it!" It is remarkable too that the Top-Piece on the mausoleum over the grave of the Prophet Zechariah, who uttered those words, is a perfect pyramid. This mausoleum of Zechariah crowned with a pyramid is still to be seen at the present day at Jerusalem. It is situated in the rocky Valley of Jehoshaphat, between the ancient Temple area and the Mount of Olives. In that great valley of graves, no other sepulchral monument is crowned with a pyramid.

THE TOP-STONE

CHAPTER IV

OUTLINE OF PYRAMID'S INTERIOR AND ITS MEANING

In the year 1865 Robert Menzies of Edinburgh (Leith), Scotland, who was the discoverer of the Christian or Messianic aspect of the Pyramid, found that the inner passages and chambers of the Pyramid revealed the inner secrets of God's plan and its systematic progression through the ages. Since then too a great mass of evidence has come to light establishing that the passages and chambers portray, by symbol and measurement, the characteristics and duration of the ages of world history and particularly their function relative to the Divine purpose.

  A chart showing the relative positions of the Pyramid's passages and chambers is displayed in the Frontispiece, in the form of an elevation (looking west). The passages are all in the one vertical plane, the same being parallel to the north-south axis of the Pyramid at a distance of approximately twenty-four feet to the east, hence the entrance to the building is not in the centre line of the north side but to the east of it. All the chambers extend westward from the vertical plane of the passage system; none extend eastward.

  Furthermore, the entrance doorways to all chambers are situated at the eastern extremity of the north wall in all cases. There is no exception to this, not even in the small rough cavity, known as the Grotto, adjoining the Well-Shaft, in the natural rock.

  In any building, corridors or passages are not permanent places of abode; they are simply a means of transit, leading to rooms or chambers where we can settle down. So in the Pyramid, as we shall see, the passages fittingly symbolise the ages and dispensations which must be traversed before reaching the final destinies represented by the chambers.

 There are two systems of passages and chambers in the interior of the Great Pyramid-a downward system and an upward system (See Frontispiece). The long Descending Passage leading to the short Subterranean Chamber Passage with its Recess, the Subterranean Chamber with its Pit, and finally the Dead End Passage, constitute the downward system, whilst the upward system embraces two great series: (1) an ascending series made up of the First Ascending Passage, Grand Gallery, King's Chamber Passage and the King's Chamber itself, and (2) a horizontal series comprising the Queen's Chamber Passage and the Queen's Chamber. The Well-Shaft is common to both series of the upward system.

  As will be seen from the chart, the Descending Passage, by which entry into the Pyramid is gained, slopes downward at an angle of a little over 260. This passage, after reaching the ground level continues onward down into the natural rock and finally access is gained to a great underground cavity termed the Subterranean Chamber in the bottom of which is a deep shaft known as the "Bottomless Pit". The whole circumstances obviously symbolise a sinister condition. The passage looks out due North and the angle of its slope was identical with the altitude of the Dragon Star (at its lower culmination) when it was the pole star of ancient time; in other words the Dragon Star shone directly down the long bore of the passage. The Dragon Star or Thuban was the brightest or chief star of the Dragon Constellation, and was known to the ancients as the Devil Star, typifying the chief of the evil hosts. In the Bible, the Devil is symbolised by a Dragon and called Satan (Revelation 20: 2). In view of the three facts-(l) that the Devil Star was at one time the North Star; (2) that it used to shine down the Descending Passage of the Great Pyramid, and (3) that the Descending Passage leads to the Pit-the words of Isaiah 14: 12-15, are significant, "How art thou fallen from heaven, o Lucifer!. For thou hast said in thine heart, I will exalt my throne above the STARS of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation in the farthest end of the NORTH; I will ascend above the heights of the clouds, I will be like the Most High. Yet thou shalt be brought down to hell, to the jaws of the PIT." This Descending Passage, which was the only means of entry into the Pyramid, clearly symbolises a condition under EVIL influences and out of tune with the Infinite-truly the condition of the great mass of the world of mankind. This initial passage of the Pyramid well represents the course of the nations in general during what the Bible calls "this present evil world."

  But, as we have seen, there are in the Pyramid also upward passages leading, not to an underground pit as in the case of the Descending Passage, but to chambers having air-channels, up in the masonry of the Pyramid, high above ground level. These upward or ascending passages clearly indicate an uplifting influence which in the ultimate lead to life and liberty, in contrast to the Descending Passage leading to the underground Pit of death and destruction. It should be noted that no other pyramid in Egypt has chambers of any kind high above ground level; the main chambers in the other pyramids are for the dead and access to these is gained by descending passages. The Descending Passage in the Great Pyramid leads down under the earth thus symbolising that the evil forces lead eventually to gross materialism and "Devil" worship in one form or another, consciously or unconsciously, and accordingly that great evil power is spoken of in the Bible as "the god of this world". The ascending passages present an opposite aspect; they are entirely above the earth and up in the masonry of the building; they lead, not downward to an underground dungeon with no "bottom", but upward to orderly chambers where one can breathe freely. These chambers (one of which is entirely of granite) magnificently built according to a marvellous geometric design, have no passages leading beyond them, hence they are finalities and symbolise great and wonderful destinies. The forces depicted in the Descending Passage are devilish, but those represented in the Ascending Passages are the antithesis of that, namely, Divine. The influences portrayed in the The small Tenth Pyramid of Gizeh (] eezeh) is situated on the south side of the Second Pyramid, to which it is subsidiary, but it is now completely ruinous and hence not shown on the above diagram. The Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Pyramids are subsidiary to the Third Pyramid, whilst the Seventh, Eighth and Ninth Pyramids are subsidiary to the Great Pyramid. See also diagram on p. 18.

63

Descending Passage are degrading, materialistic and malign; those in the Ascending Passages are uplifting, spiritual and benign.

  It should be realised that the Ascending Passages, as constructed by the ancient builders, sloped upward at the same original angle that the Descending Passage sloped downward, i.e., 26° 18' g.7" to the horizontal. That the gradient is the same in both cases, but operating in opposite directions, namely, upward and downward, establishes the fact that the Ascending and Descending Passages respectively symbolise influences and conditions which are opposites-the one uplifting leading to life, the other degrading leading to death. The ventilation in the chambers to which the Ascending Passages lead is only of service to those who have life. The dead do not breathe.

  Descending passages, representing the way of death, are to be found in all Egyptian pyramids. But ascending passages leading to chambers up in the above-ground masonry, symbolising the way oflife, exist in the Great Pyramid only. This constitutes one of the most important differences between the Great Pyramid and all the others, as does also the distinguishing feature of the ventilators in the King's and Queen's Chambers, for such do not exist in any other pyramid.

  Whilst passages in the Pyramid represent conditions which persist only temporarily for specific periods of time, chambers on the other hand appropriately symbolise conditions of a more permanent nature, for in any building, as we have said, passages are only a means of transit leading us to chambers where we settle down more permanently. As the King's Chamber and Queen's Chamber represent conditions of life, the fact that they are chambers and not passages shows that not just life for a short time or even an age is portrayed, but life of a more permanent nature. The question naturally arises, How permanent? As the passages portray the ages, the fact that beyond the King's and Queen's Chambers there are no passages reveals that the life symbolised by those Chambers endures beyond all ages, hence eternal and therefore permanent in the absolute sense of the word. This therefore represents condition of everlasting life wherein the process of death is brought to an end; and so we find that the Pyramid's downward system of passages, representing the way of death, finally terminates in a dead end at the extremity of the final subterranean passage, the Dead End Passage.

 The King's and Queen's Chambers each contained an empty plain sarcophagus; that in the King's Chamber being of granite and that in the Queen's Chamber of limestone. * The latter after remaining in its place for approximately 4,000 years, was eventually broken up, whilst the former is still there in the King's Chamber and is often called the "Coffer". However the Queen's Chamber's empty sarcophagus remained in existence till as late as the 12th century of the Christian era at least, for the famous Arabic writer Edrisi describes it as he saw it when he visited the Great Pyramid in A.D. 1136. Edrisi, as a writer, was distinguished for his reliability. Sir W. M. Flinders Petrie speaks of Edrisi's "accurate and observant account of the Pyramid" and also of his "clear and unexaggerated account of the passages of the Great Pyramid", and that it "deserves notice for its superiority to the greater number of Arabic accounts" (The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh, pp. 161, 216-217).

Edrisi describes the two sarcophagi or "coffers" as being "similar". Now, we know that the sarcophagus in the King's Chamber is plain and without markings of any kind and had the Queen's Chamber sarcophagus been inscribed and decorated in accordance with the Egyptian practice, Edrisi

could never have described them as "similar". Moreover; as Edrisi was "accurate and observant", had one coffer been plain and the other inscribed and decorated he would have described them as different, instead of "similar", and would

 * The stones in the passages and chambers in the Pyramid's interior are so dark through great age that a tourist or passing visitor would not distinguish between limestone and granite. The stones usually have to be scraped a little to ascertain their composition. Doubtless the smoke from countless torches through the centuries has had something to do with this. Today, however, all the ascending and horizontal passages and chambers in the actual masonry of the Great Pyramid are lit by electric light, but the entire Descending Passage and all beyond it are closed to the public and have no lighting.

TWO VIEWS OF A GREAT PYRAMID CASING STONE Now in the Royal Scottish Observatory, Edinburgh

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surely have given the name of the king inscribed. Lack of inscription and decoration reveals that no royal mummies were ever placed in either of these two coffers, as is confirmed by two classical historians, Herodotus and Diodorus, both of whom state that Cheops was not interred in the Great Pyramid but buried elsewhere. The presence of these empty lidless, plain sarcophagi or "open tombs" indicates that the final state of everlasting life symbolised in these chambers will be attained through resurrection.

  That there are two "Resurrection Chambers" is in full accord with the Scriptures which declare that there will be two resurrections-the First Resurrection and later the General Resurrection (I Corinthians 15: Revelation 20). According to a hitherto widely-held theory, one of these large final apartments, the Queen's Chamber, is supposed to represent a waiting place for the Jews. In view of the fact that there is no exit from the Queen's Chamber to a final apartment beyond it, and that the Queen's Chamber itself constitutes a finality, how can it represent a mere waiting place for the Jews or for anybody else? The King's Chamber and the Queen's Chamber are the two finalities of the Pyramid's interior, and therefore they symbolise destinies. These two magnificently constructed final Chambers of the Great Pyramid are intended to symbolise something very much more glorious than a mere temporary "waiting room" for the Jews who reject Christ.

  We have seen that the destinies symbolised by the King's and Queen's Chambers are those of everlasting life, life in its fulness with no death conditions involved-perfection. All God's work is perfect, when He is through, however mysterious, in the meantime, the processes may appear by which He is arriving at the final perfection. In the very nature of things, a perfect Almighty God makes a perfect job of everything He touches: it could not be otherwise. So, ultimately, all imperfection and everything evil will be obliterated from this world of ours and it shall come to pass as foretold in Revelation 21: 3-4, "Behold the tabernacle of God is with men. and God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, E66  67

neither sorrow nor crying, neither shall there by any more pain: for the former things are passed away."

 & the Pyramid's final chambers symbolise destinies, the passages which we have to traverse to reach those chambers therefore represent what we go through to reach the perfect destinies so symbolised. We know from history that what the inhabitants of the Earth pass through are the various ages-an age being a period of time during which certain conditions obtain. The various passages in the Pyramid are all constructed differently, the construction of each passage revealing a symbolism portraying the distinctive conditions of the particular age represented by the passage, whilst the lengths of the passages reveal the lengths of the respective ages to which they apply. The truth of this has been demonstrated by the fact that ages future to the time of the Pyramid's erection have now come and gone and lasted the precise length of time revealed beforehand. & the lengths of the various passages reveal the lengths of the respective ages they represent, this means of course that the passages are constructed according to a given scale. The Great Pyramid is thus the Divine blue-print. This introduces the question of measurements. (The question as to the possibility of there being other passages etc., not yet discovered, is discussed later-in Chapter IX.)

The Bible in Stone

On the Land of Egypt's Border Stands the Bible writ in stone, Bringing chaos into order Making God Almighty known.

Monument of ancient mystery Puzzle of the young and old, Now reveals the nations' history As the dates and times unfold.

Through the ages somewhat hazy, Hid from eyes of mortal man, In the Pyramid of Gizeh

God reveals His mighty plan.

Praise and honour, glory, blessing

See His power almighty owned, Everything to Him subservient, Christ acknowledged, crowned, enthroned.

Mabel Christon CHAPTER V

UNITS OF LINEAR :MEASURE IN THE GREAT PYRAMID

SACRED CUBIT AND ROYAL CUBIT

The unit of measure employed in the actual construction of the Great Pyramid was the Royal Cubit, equal to 20.63 British inches (more precisely 20.6284) which was in general use in ancient Egypt during the building of the Pyramids of Gizeh.* The linear unit predominating in the design of the Great Pyramid, however, is the earlier Sacred Cubit of 25.0265 British inches, from which the later Royal Cubit of 20.6284 British inches was geometrically derived. The Sacred Cubit was used by the ancient Hebrews and their ancestors and it would be used by Noah in constructing the Ark. In the Great Pyramid this Sacred Cubit is revealed as being subdivided into 25 equal parts, the subdivision being now known as the inch (1 Pyramid inch = 1.00106 British inches). The Royal Cubit was originally subdivided into 100 n. (1 n = 0.20628 of a British inch). The division of this cubit into 7 palms or 28 digits (4 digits to the palm) was a subsequent development-see Encycloprtdia Britannica (1956), article "Measures and Weights". In ancient Egypt the Royal Cubit was known as the meh. During the Old Kingdom when the Great Pyramid was built, this cubit was sub-divided into 100 n.

 * Sir Wm. M. Flinders Petrie gives the mean Egyptian Royal Cubit as used in the IVth to VIth Dynasties, as 20.63 :i: 0.02 British inches. The Great Pyramid itself, however, by its own geometry reveals the length of its unit of construction to a much higher degree of precision than Petrie was able to do, and gives it as equivalent to 20.6284385 British inches. It will be observed, though, that Petrie's figure is only about .0016 of an inch higher than this, which is well within the range of error allowed in Petrie's figures (:i: 0.02). 69       72  73

 The geometric derivation of the Egyptian Royal Cubit from the earlier Sacred Cubit is clearly revealed in the Great Pyramid itself. The relationship between the two different Cubits is disclosed in the high central section of the King's Chamber Passage. This high section has been misnamed the "Ante Chamber", but of course it is not a chamber but merely a heightened portion of the King's Chamber Passage and the width of its floor is just the same as that of the rest of the passage. However, the term "Ante-Chamber" is so universally used that we will retain it for the sake of convenience. A diagram (showing the east elevation) of this so- called "AnteChamber" will be found on page 71. The length of the "Ante-Chamber" is equal to the diameter of the Enoch Circle or Year Circle, i.e., a circle having a circumference which measures as many Pyramid inches as there are days in the Solar Year, 365.242. This Year Circle is converted into a square of precisely equal area; the granite portion of the floor constituting the base of the square and the end of the granite East Wainscot forming the south side of the square, which means to say that the granite floor and the height of the said wainscot each defines the side-length of the square. But the sides of this square are each found to measure exactly 5 Egyptian Royal Cubits of20.6284 British inches or 20.6066 Pyramid inches (more precisely 20.60659). This geometric relationship between the two types of Cubit revealed in the "Ante-Chamber", as shown on page 71 is also expressed algebraically and arithmetically on page 70. Because of this direct mathematical relationship between the Sacred and Royal Cubits, all the measurements of the Great Pyramid are readily expressible in both Cubits, for the Royal Cubit was precisely i of the square root of the area of the Year Circle, the dimensions of which were determined entirely on the basis of the Sacred Cubit.

  A long controversy has existed between Egyptologists and Pyramidologists regarding the Cubit of the Great Pyramid. But a new revelation has come to light that supplies a complete solution to the problem and also removes the difficulties encountered in attempting to harmonise the recent findings of the archreologists with the early chronology given in the Book of Genesis. The result is the complete harmonising of Pyramidology, Egyptology and Biblical Chronology in regard to hitherto perplexing problems concerning which there has been so much contradiction and confusion.

  This "Battle of the Cubits" began seriously in 1883 when Prof. W. M. Flinders Petrie vehemently attacked the theory of a 25-inch cubit in the Great Pyramid. To this attack Prof. C. Piazzi Smyth, Astronomer Royal for Scotland, replied in his book New Measures of the Great Pyramid by a New Measurer, published the following year. Unfortunately both Prof. Smyth and Prof. Petrie (later Sir W. Flinders Petrie) failed to realise that the Royal Cubit (20.6284 British inches) was derived from the earlier Sacred Cubit (25.0265 British inches) and hence the two cubits were directly related. While Pyramidologists have always held and still hold, and can now prove to the point of demonstration, that the chronology of the ages is revealed by the Sacred Cubit (with its subdivision, the inch), nevertheless they have also recognised that the unit employed in the actual construction of the building was the Royal Cubit. But up till recent years, Pyramidologists have never suspected that a great chronological and spiritual revelation lay hidden behind the Royal Cubit in addition to that already revealed by the 25-inch Cubit. In fact, the period of history and prophecy disclosed by the Royal Cubit is much longer than that portrayed by what we have hitherto called the Pyramid Cubit and its sub-division, the Pyramid inch, and covers nearly 84 centuries. The beauty of it is that this new revelation does not contain the slightest contradiction to that already disclosed by the Sacred Cubit; on the contrary, the two confirm each other in the most conclusive manner. But the new revelation behind the Royal Cubit has opened the door to new realms and brought to view new horizons in the science of Pyramidology, as the reader will observe while progressing through this volume.

  The design of the entire Pyramid, both in regard to the exterior and interior, is based upon the dimensions of the circle and square defined in the "Ante-Chamber" wherein the lengths of the Sacred Cubit and the Inch are also portrayed on a granite slab which spans the narrow "Chamber". From one point of view this little so-called "Ante-Chamber" is the "drawing-office" of the Great Pyramid, even as the Great Pyramid itself is the Almighty's "drawing-office" containing His plans for this World of ours.

  On making a scientific examination of the Sacred Cubit in the Pyramid, it is found to bear an exact relationship to the size of the planet on which we live. This Cubit is discovered to be the exact 10,000,000th part of the distance from the centre of the Earth to the Pole, or in other words the precise 10,000,000th of the Earth's polar radius or semi-axis. According to the results of the latest geodetic research in the International Geophysical Year 1957-1958, the polar radius of the Earth, as deduced from observation of the orbits of artificial Earth satellites, is 3949.89 miles. Dividing this figure by 10,000,000, the result is 25.0265 British inches, the precise length of the Sacred Cubit of the Great Pyramid (correct to four places of decimals). Thus the Earth's polar radius measures 10,000,000 Sacred Cubits or 250,000,000 Pyramid inches; hence the Pyramid inch is the 500,000,000th of the Earth's polar diameter. Remarkably enough, as far back as 1869, Sir John Herschel, the famous astronomer, actually stated that the rational basis for an earth-commensurable measure is the division of the Earth's axis "into five hundred million equal parts or geometrical inches". (Letter to The Times, 30th April, 1869.)

  At the time of the French Revolution, the French savants also conceived the idea of instituting a unit of linear measure based upon the size of the Earth, and invented the metre, which, although it has been adopted in Continental Europe, is, from the scientific standpoint, very faulty. The French metre was arrived at by taking the 10,000,000th part of the so-called quadrant of the Earth as calculated from the North Pole to the Equator, along a meridian passing through Dunkirk. In the first place as the Earth is not a perfect sphere, the said distance is not a true quadrant, hence it is not truly scientific to determine a unit of straight measure from such a curved surface, and secondly, the calculations were subsequently discovered to be slightly in error. Scientifically, a unit of straight measure should be based on the straight distance corresponding to the curved semi-meridian, namely the semi- axis or polar radius of the Earth, as has been correctly done in the case of this Sacred Cubit. Furthermore the Earth's axis is the only long constant natural straight line on our planet, and it is also truly inter- national, for all nations rotate round it once every day. How appropriate that the Pyramid's units of measurement should be accurately based upon it! Thus the Designer of the Pyramid long forestalled modern man in the scientific idea of having a unit of measure based on the size of the Earth, and therefore knew the exact dimensions of the Earth. Indeed, the Pyramid's Sacred Cubit is really the French metre scientifically and mathematically corrected over 4,000 years before the French scientists even thought of the idea of having a unit oflinear measure based on the dimensions of the Globe.

  When the metre was brought into existence, a French mathematician at that time, named M. Callet, in his book on Logarithms, published in 1795, suggested that the metre should be the 1O,000,000th part of the Earth's Polar radius instead of being based on the irregularly curved surface of the Earth. Without being aware of it, M. Callet was suggesting the truly scientific Sacred Cubit in the design of the Great Pyramid.

  It is amazing to what a small extent the original perfect inch, as still preserved in the Great Pyramid, has fluctuated down the ages. The inch as now used in Britain, after all these long centuries, only deviates from the original scientific standard by approximately the thousandth part of an inch. For almost all small domestic purposes at least, the inch in the Great Pyramid and the inch as found today in Great Britain and the U.S.A. can be regarded as practically identical. As we go back in history, we find at times that the insignificant difference was still more insignificant. Even in the days of Queen Elizabeth I the inch as then in use in Britain deviated even less from the original true scientific inch of the Pyramid than it does today. * We mention here, incidentally, that our present system of measures very much needs to be reformed, on the basis of the scientific inch however, and not on the unscientific metre. Sir John Herschel declared the metre as "The newest and worst measure in the World".

  The interesting question arises: What was the origin of this Sacred Cubit, of which the Inch is the subdivision, this remarkable unit which is the 10,000,000th of the Earth's Polar radius and which constitutes the scientific correction of the French metre? At the time the Great Pyramid was built over 4,500 years ago no man on Earth knew the precise dimensions of the oblate spheroid of the Earth, which knowledge was essential for determining this Cubit, and yet we know it was in use by the ancient Hebrews, and became known as the Sacred Cubit of the Hebrews. By Petrie's figures the ancient Persian cubit was equal to 25.34 British inches (reckoned as 25 thumb-breadths of 1.0136 inches). According to the Jewish Mishnah the Persian cubit "at the north-east corner of the Palace of Shushan was longer than the cubit of Moses by half a finger-breadth".t This shows that Moses used the Sacred Cubit of 25 inches, the same unit as revealed in the design of the Great Pyramidalthough not the cubit used by the Egyptian workmen in actual

 * When the Pilgrim Fathers and early British settlers went out to America, they

 took the British system of weights and measures with them; but already in the U.S.A. these have deviated slightly from the original. Expressed in units of the  metric system the British Inch is equivalent to 25.399978 mm., whilst the present  U.S.A. Inch is 25.400051 mm. International Industries have, however, unofficially adopted an Inch of 25.4 mm. precisely and both the British and American. Governments are being approached to adopt and legalise this equivalent. The difference between the legal British and American Inches as will be observed is 0.000073 of a millimetre.

  However, since the above paragraph was written in 1957 and appeared in the first edition of this book, various national metrological laboratories of countries using the inch have agreed that, from IstJuly 1959, the value of the inch be fixed at 25.4 mm. exactly. Although this is the agreed figure now being used in science and technology, it has not yet (1961) got statutory force in the United Kingdom. The   25.4 mm. inch is a trifle nearer to the original geometric Pyramid inch again and it   is to be hoped that the British Government williegalise it soon.

t Kelim, XVII, 9

construction, as it was a foreign unit to them.* Sir Isaac Newton in his work Dissertation on Cubits also shows that the Hebrew Sacred Cubit was 25 inches. Thus the 25 inch cubit was the one Divinely sanctioned to be used in the construction of the Tabernacle in the Wilderness, which was first set up on the 1st day of the Hebrew month Abib (Nisan), 1452 B.C.,t 9i months after the detailed instructions of the measurements were given on Mt. Sinai in the month Sivan 1453 B.C., t the latter being only 2 months after the Exodus, which took place in the month then called Abib, but known as Nisan in later times. But the 25- inch cubit did not originate at that time. The Israelites used the 25-inch cubit during their long sojourn in Egypt prior to the Exodus, for there is archreological evidence that it was in use in Egypt during the XVlIIth Dynasty and this was the Dynasty that ruled during the last century and a quarter of the Israelite residence in Egypt.

  The first time that the cubit is mentioned in the Bible is in the Divine instructions to Noah for the construction of the Ark as recorded in Genesis 6: 15-16. This account, however, appears to be a very brief summary of the main features only and not the full inspired instructions. The Biblical record is, of course, that the measurements of the Ark were revealed to Noah by Divine inspiration and it is possible too that the length of the unit of linear measure or "cubit" to be used was also given by inspira tion and, as the same cubit was used by Moses, the precise length of it may have been repeated to him on Mt. Sinai to ensure accuracy. Indeed the indications are that the revelation of the Sacred Cubit to Noah and, 17 centuries later, to Moses were both repetitions and that the original revelation of this scientific "cubit" was given earlier still, in an age before the Flood.

 * In the later monarchial period in Palestine the cubit of approximately 18 inches was in use. Whilst after the Jewish Exile the legal cubit ofthe Talmudists was 21.85 British inches. Amongst the Greeks and Romans, a cubit was recognised as the length of a man's forearm from the elbow to the finger tips, hence the word cubit (Latin cubitus, cubiturn, the elbow).

t For proof of the dates see Treatise on Bible Chronology by the same author.