22 Después me mostró un río limpio de agua de vida, resplandeciente como cristal, que salía del trono de Dios y del Cordero.
2 En medio de la calle de la ciudad, y a uno y otro lado del río, estaba el árbol de la vida, que produce doce frutos, dando cada mes su fruto; y las hojas del árbol eran para la sanidad de las naciones.
3 Y no habrá más maldición; y el trono de Dios y del Cordero estará en ella, y sus siervos le servirán,
4 y verán su rostro, y su nombre estará en sus frentes.
5 No habrá allí más noche; y no tienen necesidad de luz de lámpara, ni de luz del sol, porque Dios el Señor los iluminará; y reinarán por los siglos de los siglos.
La venida de Cristo está cerca
6 Y me dijo: Estas palabras son fieles y verdaderas. Y el Señor, el Dios de los espíritus de los profetas, ha enviado su ángel, para mostrar a sus siervos las cosas que deben suceder pronto.
7 !!He aquí, vengo pronto! Bienaventurado el que guarda las palabras de la profecía de este libro.
8 Yo Juan soy el que oyó y vio estas cosas. Y después que las hube oído y visto, me postré para adorar a los pies del ángel que me mostraba estas cosas.
9 Pero él me dijo: Mira, no lo hagas; porque yo soy consiervo tuyo, de tus hermanos los profetas, y de los que guardan las palabras de este libro. Adora a Dios.
10 Y me dijo: No selles las palabras de la profecía de este libro, porque el tiempo está cerca.
11 El que es injusto, sea injusto todavía; y el que es inmundo, sea inmundo todavía; y el que es justo, practique la justicia todavía; y el que es santo, santifíquese todavía.
12 He aquí yo vengo pronto, y mi galardón conmigo, para recompensar a cada uno según sea su obra.
13 Yo soy el Alfa y la Omega, el principio y el fin, el primero y el último.
14 Bienaventurados los que lavan sus ropas, para tener derecho al árbol de la vida, y para entrar por las puertas en la ciudad.
15 Mas los perros estarán fuera, y los hechiceros, los fornicarios, los homicidas, los idólatras, y todo aquel que ama y hace mentira.
16 Yo Jesús he enviado mi ángel para daros testimonio de estas cosas en las iglesias. Yo soy la raíz y el linaje de David, la estrella resplandeciente de la mañana. (venus/viernes santo/venecia)
17 Y el Espíritu y la Esposa dicen: Ven. Y el que oye, diga: Ven. Y el que tiene sed, venga; y el que quiera, tome del agua de la vida gratuitamente.
18 Yo testifico a todo aquel que oye las palabras de la profecía de este libro: Si alguno añadiere a estas cosas, Dios traerá sobre él las plagas que están escritas en este libro.
19 Y si alguno quitare de las palabras del libro de esta profecía, Dios quitará su parte del libro de la vida, y de la santa ciudad y de las cosas que están escritas en este libro.
20 El que da testimonio de estas cosas dice: Ciertamente vengo en breve. Amén; sí, ven, Señor Jesús.
21 La gracia de nuestro Señor Jesucristo sea con todos vosotros. Amén.
The Jordan River, in the state of Utah, United States, is a river about 51 miles (82 km) long. Regulated by pumps at its headwaters at Utah Lake, it flows northward through the Salt Lake Valley and empties into the Great Salt Lake. Four of Utah's six largest cities border the river: Salt Lake City, West Valley City, West Jordan, and Sandy. More than a million people live in the Jordan Subbasin, part of the Jordan River watershed that lies within Salt Lake and Utah counties. During the Pleistocene, the area was part of Lake Bonneville.
Members of the Desert Archaic Culture were the earliest known inhabitants of the region; an archaeological site found along the river dates back 3,000 years. Mormon pioneers led by Brigham Young were the first European American settlers, arriving in July 1847 and establishing farms and settlements along the river and its tributaries. The growing population, needing water for drinking, irrigation, and industrial use in an arid climate, dug ditches and canals, built dams, and installed pumps to create a highly regulated river.
Although the Jordan was originally a cold-water fishery with 13 native species, including Bonneville cutthroat trout, it has become a warm-water fishery where the common carp is most abundant. It was heavily polluted for many years by raw sewage, agricultural runoff, and mining wastes. In the 1960s, sewage treatment removed many pollutants. In the 21st century, pollution is further limited by the Clean Water Act, and, in some cases, the Superfund program. Once the home of bighorn sheep and beaver, the contemporary river is frequented by raccoons, red foxes, and domestic pets. It is an important avian resource, as are the Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake, visited by more than 200 bird species.
The Jordan River is Utah Lake's only outflow. It originates at the northern end of the lake between the cities of Lehi and Saratoga Springs. It then meanders north through the north end of Utah Valley for approximately 8 miles (13 km) until it passes through a gorge in the Traverse Mountains, known as the Jordan Narrows. The Utah National Guard base at Camp Williams lies on the western side of the river through much of the Jordan Narrows.[7][8] The Turner Dam, located 41.8 miles (67.3 km) from the river's mouth (or at river mile 41.8) and within the boundaries of the Jordan Narrows, is the first of two dams of the Jordan River. Turner Dam diverts the water to the right or easterly into the East Jordan Canal and to the left or westerly toward the Utah and Salt Lake Canal. Two pumping stations situated next to Turner Dam divert water to the west into the Provo Reservoir Canal, Utah Lake Distribution Canal, and Jacob-Welby Canal. The Provo Reservoir Canal runs north through Salt Lake County, Jacob-Welby runs south through Utah County. The Utah Lake Distribution Canal runs both north and south, eventually leading back into Utah Lake.[9] Outside the narrows, the river reaches the second dam, known as Joint Dam, which is 39.9 miles (64.2 km) from the river's mouth. Joint Dam diverts water to the east for the Jordan and Salt Lake City Canal and to the west for the South Jordan Canal.[10][11][12]
Map of the Salt Lake Valley
The river then flows through the middle of the Salt Lake Valley, initially moving through the city of Bluffdale and then forming the border between the cities of Riverton and Draper.[7] The river then enters the city of South Jordan where it merges with Midas Creek from the west. Upon leaving South Jordan, the river forms the border between the cities of West Jordan on the west and Sandy and Midvale on the east. From the west, Bingham Creek enters West Jordan. Dry Creek, an eastern tributary, combines with the main river in Sandy. The river then forms the border between the cities of Taylorsville and West Valley City on the west and Murray and South Salt Lake on the east. The river flows underneath Interstate 215 in Murray. Little and Big Cottonwood Creeks enter from the east in Murray, 21.7 miles (34.9 km) and 20.6 miles (33.2 km) from the mouth respectively. Mill Creek enters on the east in South Salt Lake, 17.3 miles (27.8 km) from the mouth. The river runs through the middle of Salt Lake City, where the river travels underneath Interstate 80 a mile west of downtown Salt Lake City and again underneath Interstate 215 in the northern portion of Salt Lake City. Interstate 15 parallels the river's eastern flank throughout Salt Lake County. At 16 miles (26 km) from the mouth, the river enters the Surplus Canal channel. The Jordan River physically diverts from the Surplus Canal through four gates and heads north with the Surplus Canal heading northwest. Parley's, Emigration, and Red Butte Creeks converge from the east through an underground pipe, 14.2 miles (22.9 km) from the mouth.[7] City Creek also enters via an underground pipe, 11.5 miles (18.5 km) from the river's mouth. The length of the river and the elevation of its mouth varies year to year depending on the fluctuations of the Great Salt Lake caused by weather conditions. The lake has an average elevation of 4,200 feet (1,300 m) which can deviate by 10 feet (3.0 m).[3] The Jordan River then continues for 9 to 12 miles (14 to 19 km) with Salt Lake County on the west and North Salt Lake and Davis County on the east until it empties into the Great Salt Lake.[7][8][11]
The United States Geological Survey maintains a stream gauge in Salt Lake City that shows annual runoff from the period 1980–2003 is just over 150,000 acre-feet (190,000,000 m3) per year or 100 percent of the total 800,000 acre-feet (990,000,000 m3) of water entering the Jordan River from all sources. The Surplus Canal carries almost 60 percent of the water into the Great Salt Lake, with various irrigation canals responsible for the rest. The amount of water entering the Jordan River from Utah Lake is just over 400,000 acre-feet (490,000,000 m3) per year. Inflow from the 11 largest streams feeding the Jordan River, sewage treatment plants, and groundwater each account for approximately 15 percent of water entering the river.[13]
The Jordan River, in the state of Utah, United States, is a river about 51 miles (82 km) long. Regulated by pumps at its headwaters at Utah Lake, it flows northward through the Salt Lake Valley and empties into the Great Salt Lake. Four of Utah's six largest cities border the river: Salt Lake City, West Valley City, West Jordan, and Sandy. More than a million people live in the Jordan Subbasin, part of the Jordan River watershed that lies within Salt Lake and Utah counties. During the Pleistocene, the area was part of Lake Bonneville.
Members of the Desert Archaic Culture were the earliest known inhabitants of the region; an archaeological site found along the river dates back 3,000 years. Mormon pioneers led by Brigham Young were the first European American settlers, arriving in July 1847 and establishing farms and settlements along the river and its tributaries. The growing population, needing water for drinking, irrigation, and industrial use in an arid climate, dug ditches and canals, built dams, and installed pumps to create a highly regulated river.
Although the Jordan was originally a cold-water fishery with 13 native species, including Bonneville cutthroat trout, it has become a warm-water fishery where the common carp is most abundant. It was heavily polluted for many years by raw sewage, agricultural runoff, and mining wastes. In the 1960s, sewage treatment removed many pollutants. In the 21st century, pollution is further limited by the Clean Water Act, and, in some cases, the Superfund program. Once the home of bighorn sheep and beaver, the contemporary river is frequented by raccoons, red foxes, and domestic pets. It is an important avian resource, as are the Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake, visited by more than 200 bird species.
The Jordan River is Utah Lake's only outflow. It originates at the northern end of the lake between the cities of Lehi and Saratoga Springs. It then meanders north through the north end of Utah Valley for approximately 8 miles (13 km) until it passes through a gorge in the Traverse Mountains, known as the Jordan Narrows. The Utah National Guard base at Camp Williams lies on the western side of the river through much of the Jordan Narrows.[7][8] The Turner Dam, located 41.8 miles (67.3 km) from the river's mouth (or at river mile 41.8) and within the boundaries of the Jordan Narrows, is the first of two dams of the Jordan River. Turner Dam diverts the water to the right or easterly into the East Jordan Canal and to the left or westerly toward the Utah and Salt Lake Canal. Two pumping stations situated next to Turner Dam divert water to the west into the Provo Reservoir Canal, Utah Lake Distribution Canal, and Jacob-Welby Canal. The Provo Reservoir Canal runs north through Salt Lake County, Jacob-Welby runs south through Utah County. The Utah Lake Distribution Canal runs both north and south, eventually leading back into Utah Lake.[9] Outside the narrows, the river reaches the second dam, known as Joint Dam, which is 39.9 miles (64.2 km) from the river's mouth. Joint Dam diverts water to the east for the Jordan and Salt Lake City Canal and to the west for the South Jordan Canal.[10][11][12]
Map of the Salt Lake Valley
The river then flows through the middle of the Salt Lake Valley, initially moving through the city of Bluffdale and then forming the border between the cities of Riverton and Draper.[7] The river then enters the city of South Jordan where it merges with Midas Creek from the west. Upon leaving South Jordan, the river forms the border between the cities of West Jordan on the west and Sandy and Midvale on the east. From the west, Bingham Creek enters West Jordan. Dry Creek, an eastern tributary, combines with the main river in Sandy. The river then forms the border between the cities of Taylorsville and West Valley City on the west and Murray and South Salt Lake on the east. The river flows underneath Interstate 215 in Murray. Little and Big Cottonwood Creeks enter from the east in Murray, 21.7 miles (34.9 km) and 20.6 miles (33.2 km) from the mouth respectively. Mill Creek enters on the east in South Salt Lake, 17.3 miles (27.8 km) from the mouth. The river runs through the middle of Salt Lake City, where the river travels underneath Interstate 80 a mile west of downtown Salt Lake City and again underneath Interstate 215 in the northern portion of Salt Lake City. Interstate 15 parallels the river's eastern flank throughout Salt Lake County. At 16 miles (26 km) from the mouth, the river enters the Surplus Canal channel. The Jordan River physically diverts from the Surplus Canal through four gates and heads north with the Surplus Canal heading northwest. Parley's, Emigration, and Red Butte Creeks converge from the east through an underground pipe, 14.2 miles (22.9 km) from the mouth.[7] City Creek also enters via an underground pipe, 11.5 miles (18.5 km) from the river's mouth. The length of the river and the elevation of its mouth varies year to year depending on the fluctuations of the Great Salt Lake caused by weather conditions. The lake has an average elevation of 4,200 feet (1,300 m) which can deviate by 10 feet (3.0 m).[3] The Jordan River then continues for 9 to 12 miles (14 to 19 km) with Salt Lake County on the west and North Salt Lake and Davis County on the east until it empties into the Great Salt Lake.[7][8][11]
The United States Geological Survey maintains a stream gauge in Salt Lake City that shows annual runoff from the period 1980–2003 is just over 150,000 acre-feet (190,000,000 m3) per year or 100 percent of the total 800,000 acre-feet (990,000,000 m3) of water entering the Jordan River from all sources. The Surplus Canal carries almost 60 percent of the water into the Great Salt Lake, with various irrigation canals responsible for the rest. The amount of water entering the Jordan River from Utah Lake is just over 400,000 acre-feet (490,000,000 m3) per year. Inflow from the 11 largest streams feeding the Jordan River, sewage treatment plants, and groundwater each account for approximately 15 percent of water entering the river.[13]
El 29 de noviembre de 1483 un sacerdote y abogado nacido en Estrasburgo accedía al cargo de Maestro de Ceremonias del papado en Roma, tras haber comprado el puesto por unos 450 ducados. Se llamaba Johann Burchard y hasta su muerte en 1506 serviría en ese cargo a cinco pontífices.
Unos pocos años antes, en 1503, Burchard se hizo construir un palacio, que todavía sigue en pie en la actual Vía del Sudario (en el número 44) con el nombre de Casa del Burcardo, con una torre anexa.
La torre, junto con el lugar de nacimiento de Burchard, acabaron por dan nombre al lugar donde se alzaban: Torre Argentina. Argentina porque el nombre latino de Estrasburgo era Argentoratum. Lo que vendría a significar algo así como la torre del estrasburgués.
Localización de Largo di Torre Argentina en Google Maps
En 1927 las autoridades romanas decidieron demoler buena parte de las construcciones de Torre Argentina (entre ellas la torre de Burchard) para crear una gran plaza, la actual Largo di Torre Argentina, situada en el antiguo Campo de Marte en el camino entre el Panteón y el Foro.
Durante las obras aparecieron la cabeza y los brazos de una estatua de proporciones colosales, lo que llevó a realizar excavaciones arqueológicas que, como suele ser habitual en la capital italiana, encontraron más de lo que se esperaba hallar: toda una área sacra con restos de cuatro templos de época romana republicana, además del Teatro de Pompeyo.
El teatro fue el primero permanente construido en Roma (y el primer edificio totalmente de mármol), en el año 55 a.C., gracias a una argucia de Pompeyo.
Como estaba prohibido levantar teatros permanentes en la ciudad hizo construir en lo alto de la cávea un templo dedicado a Venus Victrix, argumentando que la propia cávea no era más que una escalinata para acceder al templo.
Tenía 150 metros de diámetro y capacidad para más de 17.000 espectadores. Tras la escena había un enorme pórtico de 180 por 135 metros que rodeaba un jardín, y en el extremo de este pórtico opuesto al teatro se ubicaba la Curia de Pompeyo.
Una curia era una reunión para discutir asuntos públicos, y en época republicana servía también para designar el edificio donde se reunía el Senado, generalmente la Curia Hostilia situada en el Foro.
Pero había otras, como la mencionada de Pompeyo, precisamente el lugar donde en marzo del año 44 a.C. se estaba reuniendo el Senado.
Allí se dirigió Julio César el día 15 de ese mes para encontrar la muerte a manos de un grupo de senadores, como cuentan Plutarco y Suetonio.
Al entrar César se levantó el Senado; pero luego que se sentó, aquellos le rodearon en tropel, enviando delante a Tulio Cimbro, con pretexto de pedirle por un hermano desterrado; todos intercedían con él, tomando a César las manos y besándole en el pecho y la cabeza. Al principio desechó sus súplicas; pero viendo que no desistían, se levantó con enfado, y entonces Tulio retiró con entrambas manos la toga de los hombros, y Casca fue el primero, porque se hallaba a la espalda, que, desenvainando el puñal, le dio una herida poco profunda en el hombro. Echóle mano César a la empuñadura y, dando un grito, le dijo en lengua latina: “Malvado Casca, ¿qué haces?” Y éste, llamando a su hermano, le pedía en griego que le socorriese. Herido ya de muchos, miró en rededor, queriendo apartarlos; pero cuando vio que Bruto alzaba el puñal contra él, soltó la mano de que tenía asido a Casca, y cubriéndose la cabeza con la toga, entregó el cuerpo a los golpes. Hiriéronle sin compasión, empleándose contra su persona muchos puñales, con los que se lastimaron unos a otros, tanto que Bruto recibió una herida en una mano, queriendo concurrir a aquella muerte, y todos se mancharon de sangre (Plutarco, Vidas Paralelas: Bruto)
Esta curia, según afirman Suetonio y otros autores, fue tapiada posteriormente como lugar nefasto. Posiblemente a lo que se refieren es a la estructura de hormigón de tres metros de ancho por dos de alto con que Augusto mandó cubrir el lugar para señalarlo. Con el tiempo, el entorno sería convertido en letrinas públicas.
Se decidió tapiar la curia en la que había sido asesinado, designar con el nombre de “Parricidio” los idus de marzo y no celebrar jamás una reunión del Senado en esta fecha (Suetonio, Vidas de los doce césares: El divino Julio)
En la actual plaza Largo di Torre Argentina se pueden ver hoy los restos del lado este del pórtico, así como tres de los cuatro templos.
Restos del teatro de Pompeyo están en el subsuelo de la Vía di Grotta Pinta, mientras que las bóvedas originales del teatro forman los sótanos de los restaurantes de esta calle y parte de las paredes del hotel Albergo Sole al Biscione.
El punto exacto donde cayó César, justo en el centro del fondo de la curia, a los pies de la estatua de Pompeyo, puede contemplarse hoy frente a los restos de los templos, prácticamente embebido bajo el pavimento de la calle.
The Spot Where Julius Caesar Was Killed Opens to Tourists in Rome — What to Know
Travelers to Rome have a new way to step into history thanks to a brand-new elevated walkway that will bring visitors over the spot where Julius Caesar was killed.
The Largo Argentina square where the infamous assassination took place in 44 B.C. opened to the public this week, according to Rome’s mayor. The new access is thanks to a series of walkways (and nighttime illumination) funded by the luxury jeweler Bulgari, The Associated Press reported.
“Happy to be able to give back to the Romans and tourists the Sacred Area of Largo Argentina in all its beauty,” Mayor Roberto Gualtieri wrote in a Facebook post, calling the site “a real precious jewel made of history, art and culture, nestled in the heart of our city.”
Gualtieri added visitors will be able to “literally immerse themselves in History” by visiting the wall of the Curia of Pompeo where Caesar was killed along with the ruins of four temples.
The walkways are accessible and both wheelchair and stroller friendly. To reach the ruins, travelers can either descend on a staircase or use an elevator platform, the AP noted. General admission will cost 5 euros (about $5.50), and the ruins will be open every day except Mondays and some holidays.
Previously, the ancient spot was only visible from the street level. That is on a higher ground than the temples, which were first unearthed in the 1920s as part of dictator Benito Mussolini’s plan to change the landscape of the city, according to the wire service.
“We go forward in this way to enhance and make more and more fruitful and attractive the great city cultural heritage that never ceases to amaze with its treasures and wonders,” Gualtieri said in his post.
Argomento precedente
![Descubrimiento de la Estructura del ADN [Infografía]](https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5btVztv_otA/XqTJX6FapKI/AAAAAAAAARs/DZFU_dHlelYXgLoFsmVLOZf2fEKMf73iQCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/descubrimiento-estructura-adn.png)
Localización de Largo di Torre Argentina en Google Maps
Plano del área arqueológica de Largo di Torre Argentina / foto dominio público en Wikimedia Commons
Reconstrucción del interior del Teatro de Pompeyo / foto dominio público en Wikimedia Commons
La muerte de César, cuadro de Karl von Piloty, 1865 / foto dominio público en Wikimedia Commons
Largo di Torre Argentina, a la derecha los restos de la curia / foto Peter Clarke en Wikimedia Commons
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