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Zodiac Man; or, Homo signorum, c1486.
Zodiac Man: Man as Microcosm
A volvelle.
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Part of the Medieval worldview was the idea that man was a microcosm ("a little world") which reflected the macrocosm of the Ptolemaic universe. As the Earth was divided into regions influenced by the planets, similarly the body of man was divided into "regions" governed by signs of the Zodiac. Astrological signs were thought to influence the body and its health, and sketches of the "Zodiac Man" are common in medical treatises of the Middle Ages. These diagrams instructed doctors and barber-surgeons whether it was safe to bleed a patient or to perform surgery; if the moon was in the sign of the bodypart in question, it was not recommended.1 The position of the moon could be determined with a volvelle — a rotating calendar.
King consulting both astrologer and doctor, c1327.
The concept of man as microcosm is thought to originate with the ancient Babylonians. The Egyptians [image 1; image 2; image 3] and the Mayans [image] had analogues, and ancient Mithraic [image 1; image 2], Hebrew [image 1; image 2], Chinese, and Vedic traditions also contain similar concepts. Microcosmic ideas are fleshed out in the works of Plato (4th-c. BCE), but the first use of the term "microcosmos" in Western philosophy appears later, briefly, in Aristotle's Physics.2 In the first century A.D. the Roman writer Manilius stated in his Astronomicon that man contained a world in himself, being created in the image of God.3 Numerous writers, including Firmicus (4th-c.) and Macrobius (5th-c.), to name a few, followed along the same lines. The first modern use of the terms macrocosmos and microcosmos, shortened to macrocosm/microcosm, was by Pico della Mirandola in his Heptaplus in 1490.4
Zodiac anatomy in medical astrology: 5
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Aries — Head Taurus — Neck Gemini — Arms & shoulders Cancer — Breast Leo — Shoulderblades & Sides Virgo — Stomach & intestines Libra — Hips & buttocks Scorpio — Genitals Sagittarius — Thighs Capricorn — Knees Aquarius — Ankles Pisces — Feet
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There were several subsequent variations and expansions, of course. The idea of man as microcosm was popular long after the Middle Ages and was often used as a poetical conceit (e.g. John Donne's 'Holy Sonnet 5': "I am a little world made cunningly"). Some hermetic and occult traditions embrace the idea of the microcosmic man still today.
Zodiac Man Images from Medieval Manuscripts:
Zodiac Man, late 14th-c. |
Zodiac Man, after 1387. |
Zodiac Man, after 1387. |
Zodiac Man, 14th c. |
Zodiac Man, 1413. |
Zodiac Man, 1408. |
Zodiac Man, 1411-12. |
Zodiac Man, 15th c. |
Zodiac Man, c1406. |
Zodiac Man, early 15th-c. |
Zodiac Man, c1400 (?) |
Zodiac Man, c1440. |
Zodiac Man, c1425-50. |
Zodiac Man, c1400-50. |
Zodiac Man, c1450. |
Zodiac Man, 1488-9. |
Zodiac Man, c1490. |
Zodiac Man, late 15th-c. |
Zodiac Man, 15th-c. |
Zodiac Man, 1493. |
Zodiac Man, 16th-c. |
- Sophie Page. Astrology in Medieval Manuscripts.
Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002. 54.
- George Perrigo Conger. Theories of Macrocosms and Microcosms in the History of Philosophy.
New York: Columbia University Press, 1922. 11.
- ib. 25.
- Lawrence Parmly Brown. "The Cosmic Man and Homo Signorum." The Open Court, v35.
Chicago: The Open Court Publishing Company, 1921. 27.
- Manilius, in Book 4 of Astronomicon, writes:
"Namque Aries capiti, Taurus cervicibus hæret; Brachia sub Geminis censentur, pectora Cancro; Te, scapulæ, Nemæe, vocant, teque ilia, Virgo; Libra colit clunes, et Scorpius inguine regnat; Et femur Arcitenens, genua et Capricornus amavit; Cruraque defendit Juvenis, vestigia, Pisces."
- http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/zodiacman.htm
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El espiritismo moderno horóscopo ,hablar con los muertos .etc
Se me indicó que el pasaje de Colosenses 2:8 se aplicaba especialmente al espiritismo moderno: “Mirad que ninguno os engañe por filosofías y vanas sutilezas, según las tradiciones de los hombres, conforme a los elementos del mundo, y no según Cristo.” Me fué mostrado que miles de personas, afectadas por la filosofía de la frenología y el magnetismo animal, han sido impulsadas a la incredulidad. Si la mente se encamina en esa dirección, es casi seguro que perderá su equilibrio y quedará dominada por un demonio. “Vanas sutilezas” llenan la mente de los pobres mortales. Se creen poseedores de un poder capaz de realizar grandes obras, y no sienten la necesidad de un poder superior. Sus principios y su fe son “conforme a los elementos del mundo, y no según Cristo.” Jesús no les ha enseñado esta filosofía. Nada de esta índole puede hallarse en sus enseñanzas. El no dirigió la mente de los pobres mortales a sí mismos, como si poseyesen algún poder. Siempre la dirigía hacia Dios, el Creador del Universo, como fuente de su fortaleza y sabiduría. En el versículo 18 se da una amonestación especial: “Nadie os prive de vuestro premio, afectando humildad y culto a los ángeles, metiéndose en lo que no ha visto, vanamente hinchado en el sentido de su propia carne.”
Los que enseñan el espiritismo se presentan en forma agradable y seductora para engañaros, y si escucháis sus fábulas quedaréis entrampados por el enemigo de la justicia, y perderéis ciertamente vuestra recompensa. Una vez que os haya vencido la influencia fascinadora del gran engañador, estaréis envenenados y su influencia mortífera adulterará y destruirá vuestra fe en que Cristo es el Hijo de Dios, y dejaréis de fiar en los méritos de su sangre. Los que son seducidos por esta filosofía se ven privados de su recompensa por los engaños de Satanás. Fían en sus propios méritos, ejercen una humildad voluntaria, y aún están dispuestos a hacer sacrificios y degradarse, entregando su intelecto a una creencia sumamente insensata, y aceptando las ideas más absurdas por intermedio de seres que para ellos son sus amigos difuntos. Satanás ha enceguecido de tal manera sus ojos y pervertido su juicio, que no perciben el mal y siguen las instrucciones de los supuestos amigos difuntos, que aseveran ser ahora ángeles de una esfera superior.
Satanás ha escogido un engaño eficaz y fascinador, bien calculado para ganar la simpatía de aquellos que han depositado sus seres amados en la tumba. Los malos ángeles asumen la forma de estos amados, y relatan incidentes relacionados con su vida y ejecutan acciones que sus amigos ejecutaban mientras vivían. De esta manera engañan a los parientes de los muertos y los inducen a creer que sus deudos difuntos son ángeles que se ciernen sobre ellos y se comunican con ellos. Se les tributa cierta adoración idólatra, y lo que ellos digan tiene sobre esos parientes mayor influencia que la Palabra de Dios.
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