echanical and spatial determinants of cy... [Integr Biol (Camb). 2009] - PubMed - NCBI

Integr Biol (Camb). 2009 Feb;1(2):212-9. doi: 10.1039/b818874b. Epub 2009 Jan 6.
Mechanical and spatial determinants of cytoskeletal geodesic dome formation in cardiac fibroblasts.
Entcheva E, Bien H.
Source
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, HSC T18-030, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8181, USA. emilia.entcheva@sunysb.edu
Abstract
This study tests the hypothesis that the cell cytoskeletal (CSK) network can rearrange from geodesic dome type structures to stress fibers in response to microenvironmental cues. The CSK geodesic domes are highly organized actin microarchitectures within the cell, consisting of ordered polygonal elements. We studied primary neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts. The cues used to trigger the interconversion between the two CSK architectures (geodesic domes and stress fibers) included factors affecting spatial order and the degree of CSK tension in the cells. Microfabricated three-dimensional substrates with micrometre sized grooves and peaks were used to alter the spatial order of cell growth in culture. CSK tension was modified by 2,3-butanedione 2-monoxime (BDM), cytochalasin D and the hyphae of Candida albicans. CSK geodesic domes occurred spontaneously in about 20% of the neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts used in this study. Microfabricated structured surfaces produced anisotropy in the cell CSK and effectively converted geodesic domes into stress fibers in a dose-dependent manner (dependence on the period of the features). Affectors of actin structure, inhibitors of CSK tension and cell motility, e.g. BDM, cytochalasin D and the hyphae of C. albicans, suppressed or eliminated the geodesic domes. Our data suggest that the geodesic domes, similar to actin stress fibers, require maintenance of CSK integrity and tension. However, microenvironments that promote structural anisotropy in tensed cells cause the transformation of the geodesic domes into stress fibers, consistent with topographic cell guidance and some previous CSK model predictions.



HARDI: High-angular-resolution diffusion imaging and Q-ball vector analysis


Diffusion MRI - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Early in the development of DTI based tractography, a number of researchers pointed out a flaw in the diffusion tensor model. The tensor analysis assumes that there is a single ellipsoid in each imaging voxel—as if all of the axons traveling through a voxel traveled in exactly the same direction. This is often true, but it can be estimated that in more than 30% of the voxels in a standard resolution brain image, there are at least two different neural tracts traveling in different directions that pass through each other. In the classic diffusion ellipsoid tensor model, the information from the crossing tract just appears as noise or unexplained decreased anisotropy in a given voxel. David Tuch was among the first to describe a working solution to this problem.[64][65]
The idea is best understood by conceptually placing a kind of geodesic dome around each image voxel. This icosahedron provides a mathematical basis for passing a large number of evenly spaced gradient trajectories through the voxel—each coinciding with one of the apices of the icosahedron. Basically, we are now going to look into the voxel from a large number of different directions (typically 40 or more). We use "n-tuple" tessellations to add more evenly spaced apices to the original icosahedron (20 faces)—an idea that also had its precedents in paleomagnetism research several decades earlier.[66] We just want to know which direction lines turn up the maximum anisotropic diffusion measures. If there is a single tract, there will be just two maxima pointing in opposite directions. If two tracts cross in the voxel, there will be two pairs of maxima, and so on. We can still use tensor math to use the maxima to select groups of gradients to package into several different tensor ellipsoids in the same voxel, or use more complex higher rank tensors analyses,[67] or we can do a true "model free" analysis that just picks the maxima and goes on about doing the tractography. We could use very high angular resolution (256 different directions) but it is often necessary to do ten or fifteen complete runs to get the information correct and this could mean 2,000 or more images—it gets to be over an hour to do the image and so becomes impossible. At forty angles, we can do 10 repetitions and get done in ten minutes. Also, in order to make this work, the gradient strengths have to be considerably higher than for standard DTI. This is because we can reduce the apparent noise (non-diffusion contributions to signal) at higher b values (a combination of gradient strength and pulse duration) and improve the spatial resolution.
The Q-Ball method of tractography is an implementation of the HARDI approach in which David Tuch provides a mathematical alternative to the tensor model.[68] Instead of forcing the diffusion anisotropy data into a group of tensors, the mathematics used deploys both probability distributions and a classic bit of geometric tomography and vector math developed nearly 100 years ago—the Funk Radon Transform.[69]


Buckminster Fuller

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Museo Dali

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Museo Dali - Duomo Buckmister Fuller

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Evolucion del icosahedro al domo geodesico

Algunas pistas ya revisadas

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Luca Pacioli con sacerdote Shem, piel de Leopardo al igual que Dali.



Atomos de oro, final del proceso alquimico y la gran obra.



Anillos de borromeo( El Señor ) se forman sobre triangulos rectangulo del icosahedro.

The following Cartesian coordinates define the vertices of an icosahedron with edge-length 2, centered at the origin:
(0, ±1, ±φ)
(±1, ±φ, 0)
(±φ, 0, ±1)
where φ = (1+√5)/2 is the golden ratio (also written τ). Note that these vertices form five sets of three concentric, mutually orthogonal golden rectangles, whose edges form Borromean rings.
If the original icosahedron has edge length 1, its dual dodecahedron has edge length , one divided by the golden ratio.




Grilla de la tierra

La Alquimia codifica el paralelismo de las leyes fisicas cosmicas que acompasan proceso espiritual de la humanidad.

Robert Simmons : quote

Galena is a stone of the alchemical process of self transformation. As a lead based mineral, it carries the vibrational pattern of lead, which symbolizes the beginner in alchemy, the human being in the initial state of unpurified physicality.Yet Galena does not have a static energy.Just as a beginner has implicitly already embarked on the journey, so Galena is a a powerful stone for initiating the process of awakening. The long process of alchemical transformation of lead to gold, and from the beginner to master - carries within its initiating seed the ultimate pattern of perfection.

The Book of Stones: Who They Are & What They Teach - Robert Simmons, Naisha Ahsian, Hazel Raven - Google Books

Shaping Nanocrystals

Argonne Photo: Lead Nanoparticles -- Scanning electron microscopy images of lead nanoparticles created with the electrodeposition technique. Shaped nanoparticles such as icosahedrons (a) and decahedrons (b) can be produced with voltages lower than 1.2 volts while elongated structures such as tripods (c) and nanobrushes (d) appear at higher voltages. The bar at the top of each image represents 500 nanometers (billionths of an inch).

galena « Appealing Environments

Galena and Avatar, what is the connection?

Galena:

Dentro de estos avatares del mal se encuentra la familia Rothschild la cual paradojicamente controla el precio del oro, la perfeccion Alquimica.
O sea por mas que la humanidad ha evolucionado en material espiritual, el mal aun se esconde tras el poder politico y financiero que en definitiva es el que mediante la tentacion mueve a los titiriteros, la semilla del mal/caos perdura su existencia dentro de orden/bien puliendo esa piedra cuasi perfecta hasta el final del ciclo temporal.

Recordemos el escarabajo de Rockefeller bajo el codigo 1111 en la revista Forbes.

Ahora tenemos esta curiosa asociacion, solo para Bondiologos.




The Real Skyfall? Would You Believe Brussels? - Forbes

She sees dead people | Musical America Blogs

In Act-3 the colony of living-dead's becomes too large and too heavy a burden for Lulu to carry, and the ending is actually happening in her head. She is totally destroyed, abandoned and humiliated (only Countess Geschwitz will remain faithful to her -- and will die after her!) It's a payback time and the real and fictional world meet, the ghosts dress up in trench coats, put the melon hat and make a threatening crew armed with umbrellas -- just like in Magritte's painting: