Copyright Day Williams 1999, 2000 (TXu 926-161)

Published with permission for HiddenMysteries ThE~Magazine subscribers

Day R. Williams is an attorney in Carson City, Nevada.
In 1998 he was an attorney for Sirhan Sirhan.

Day R. Williams for Nevada Supreme Court Justice
www.daywilliams.com/supreme_court_justice.html

Chronology of Significant Events at the northern 33rd degree of latitude: 2589 B.C. to 1963 A.D.

1.
2589 - 2566 BC. The Great Pyramid was built in Egypt by masons at a location not far south of 30 degrees latitude, and on 31 degrees longitude. How the Great Pyramid was built is unknown. Herodotus estimated that it would have taken 30 years and 100,000 slaves (slavemasons as opposed to Freemasons) to have built it. Another theory says that it was built by peasants who were unable to work the land while the Nile flooded between July and November. The flooded waters would have assisted in the transport of the stones, which were brought from Aswan and Tura and the water would have brought the stones right to the pyramid. It would have taken more than 2.3 million blocks of stone with an average weight of 2.5 tons each. The total weight would have been 6 million tons, the height, 482 feet. It is the largest and the oldest of the Pyramids of Giza.

Little is known about Cheops (Khufu) because the tomb was robbed before archeologists found it. Any information about him was taken with the objects stolen from the tomb. Cheops, the ruler of complex society, must have as wealthy in his time as Bill Gates in ours. Cheops was buried alone in this colossal tomb. His wives may have been buried nearby in smaller mastabas.

2.
1470 B.C. (?) Atlantis destroyed? A continent was reputedly the size of Europe. It boasted gorgeous cities, advanced technology and utopian government. It suffered a cataclysm and was reduced to rubble that sank beneath the sea, lost forever. The legend of Atlantis has been around for thousands of years, and whatever its factual validity may be, it does claim a noble heritage, for its earliest known proponent was Plato.

The Greek philosopher wrote of Atlantis in two of his dialogues, "Timaeus" and "Critias," around 370 B.C. Plato said that this was a true story which derived from then-200-year-old records of the Greek ruler Solon, who heard of Atlantis from an Egyptian priest. Plato wrote that the continent lay in the Atlantic Ocean near the Straits of Gibraltar until its destruction 10,000 years before. In "Timaeus," Plato described Atlantis as a prosperous nation out to expand its domain: "Now in this island of Atlantis there was a great and wonderful empire which had rule over the whole island and several others, and over parts of the continent," he wrote, "and, furthermore, the men of Atlantis had subjected the parts of Libya within the columns of Heracles as far as Egypt, and of Europe as far as Tyrrhenia."

Plato then tells how the Atlanteans made a mistake by attacking Greece. They could not withstand the Greeks' military might, and following their defeat, a natural disaster sealed their fate. "Timaeus" continues: "But afterwards there occurred violent earthquakes and floods; and in a single day and night of misfortune all your warlike men in a body sank into the earth, and the island of Atlantis in like manner disappeared in the depths of the sea." Plato tells a more metaphysical version of the Atlantis story in "Critias," where he describes the lost continent as the kingdom of Poseidon, the god of the sea. This Atlantis was a noble, sophisticated society that reigned in peace for centuries, until its people became complacent and greedy. Angered by their fall from grace, Zeus chose to punish them by destroying Atlantis. Although Plato was the first to use the term "Atlantis," there are antecedents to the legend. In an Egyptian legend which Solon probably heard while traveling in Egypt, and which was passed down to Plato years later, the island nation of Keftiu, home of one of the four pillars that held up the sky, was said to be a glorious advanced civilization which was destroyed and sank beneath the ocean.

Another Atlantis-like story is closer to Plato's world, in terms of time and geography, and it is factual. The Minoan Civilization was a great and peaceful culture based on the island of Crete, which reigned as long ago as 2200 B.C. The Minoan island of Santorini, later known as Thera, was home to a huge volcano. In 1470 B.C., it erupted with a force estimated to be greater than Krakatoa, and it destroyed everything on Santorini's surface. The resulting earthquakes and tsunamis devastated the rest of the Minoan Civilization, whose remnants were easily conquered by Greek forces. Santorini may have been the "real" Atlantis. Some have argued against this idea, noting Plato specified that Atlantis sank 10,000 years ago, but the Minoan disaster had taken place only 1,000 years earlier. Still, it could be that translation errors over the centuries changed Plato's original writing. Alternatively, Plato may have blurred the historical facts to suit his purposes. Or, Atlantis may be purely Plato's invention. Just the same, his story of the sunken continent has caught the imagination of succeeding generations. Other Greek thinkers, such as Aristotle and Pliny, disputed the existence of Atlantis, while Plutarch and Herodotus wrote of it as historical fact. Atlantis became entrenched in folklore all around the world, charted on ocean maps and sought by explorers.

In 1882, Ignatius Donnelly, a U.S. congressman from Minnesota, brought the legend into the American consciousness with his book, Atlantis: The Antediluvian World. In more recent years, the psychic Edgar Cayce (1877-1945) became the U.S.'s most prominent advocate of a factual Atlantis. Widely known as "The Sleeping Prophet," Cayce claimed the ability to see the future and to communicate with long-dead spirits from the past. He identified hundreds of people -- including himself -- as reincarnated Atlanteans. Cayce said that Atlantis had been situated near the Bermuda island of Bimini. He believed that Atlanteans possessed remarkable technologies, including supremely powerful "fire-crystals" which they harnessed for energy. A disaster in which the fire-crystals went out of control was responsible for Atlantis's sinking, he said, in what sounds like a cautionary fable on the dangers of nuclear power. Remaining active beneath the ocean waves, damaged fire-crystals emit energy fields that disrupt ships and aircraft -- which is how Cayce accounted for the Bermuda Triangle.

3.
1704-1662 B.C. The Babylonian empire was based in Babylon, near the 33rd Parallel. The empire stretched from the Persian Gulf to the middle Euphrates River and upper Tigris River regions. Hammurabi, the last great king of the first dynasty, developed his legal code and ordered it to be incised on a basalt column and placed in the temple of Shamash, the god of justice, for all to see.

4.
1500 B.C. Tel Megiddo: One of the most important archaeological mounds in Israel, Tel Megiddo has the remains of historic Megiddo, a fortified city that sat strategically on the ancient trunk road from Egypt to Syria and Mesopotamia. Near the 33rd Parallel, Tel Megiddo has served as an important junction and battlefield throughout history. It is mentioned in an Egyptian document over 3,500 years old, was one of the chariot cities of Kings Solomon and Ahab, and was the site where Josiah, King of Judah, fell in battle.

Excavations have uncovered the ruins of 25 cities dating from 4,000 to 400 B.C. Ruined structures, now visible, belong to the fortified "chariot city" built by King Solomon in the 10th century B.C. An ancient water system, dating from the 9th century B.C., is well preserved. It is a phenomenal piece of engineering which has a big shaft, sunk 120 feet through rock, meeting a tunnel cut more than 200 feet to a spring outside the city. The spring was hidden by a wall and camouflaged by a covering of earth.

5.
1025 - 945 B.C. Tyre, Lebanon: Home of King Hiram and the mythological Hiram Abiff, the Terrible Twosome of Masonic legend. Tyre is less than 20 miles north of the 33rd Parallel. Hiram was the King of Tyre in the reigns of David and Solomon. He was on friendly terms with both of them. King Hiram is first mentioned in the Holy Bible at 2 Samuel 5:11, almost at the start of his reign, when he sent messengers to David with cedar trees, carpenters and masons who built David a house. The wood was floated in rafts down the coast to Joppa, then brought overland to Jerusalem. Hiram, who admired David, sent an embassy to Solomon after David's death, as recorded in 1 Kings 5:1. Solomon took advantage of Hiram and arranged for Hiram to send him timber of cedar and fir from Lebanon. Hiram's "stone-squarers" (1 Kings 5:18) were men of Gebal (modern Jebail) north of Beirut.

Both Solomon and Hiram were Semites. Solomon supplied Hiram with large quantities of wheat and olive oil annually for food (1 Kings 5:11), and he surrendered 20 "cities" of Galilee to Hiram (1 Kings 9:10-13). When Solomon had finished building the temple (seven years) and his palace (13 years), Hiram came to Galilee. Hiram was greatly dissatisfied when he saw the cities, and he nicknamed them "Cabul," a term of uncertain origin which Joseph in his Antiquities (8:5:3) says means "not pleasing" in the Phoenician tongue.

Hiram and Solomon built a navy and equipped it with sailors on the Red Sea. They made expeditions from Ezion-geber at the head of the Gulf of Aqabah south to Ophir, where they purchased gold (1 Kings 9:28). They also had a "navy of Tarshish" o the Mediterranean which brought to them from afar "gold and silver, ivory, apes and peacocks" (1 Kings 10:22). No definite record has been found of Hiram's death. Hiram had a daughter who became of Solomon's "seven hundred" wives (1 Kings 11:1, 3).

A century later Ethbaal, who was Hiram's great grandson, was called "king of Sidon" in 1 Kings 16:31. Ethbaal's daughter, Jezebel, became Ahab's notorious queen (1 Kings 16:31). Renewed troubles after Ethbaal's death led to the emigration of Elissa, the Dido of Virgil's Aeneid IV, and to the foundation of Carthage.

The Holy Bible does record a Hiram, a worker in brass. King Solomon brought this Hiram from Tyre to help build the temple (1 Kings 7:13, 14, 40-45; 2 Chronicles 2:13, 14; 4:11-16). This Hiram's mother was a woman of the tribe of Dan who had married first into the tribe of Naphtali, then later a man of Tyre. However, the name "Hiram Abiff" is nowhere in the Holy Bible. His name, and the myth surrounding his death and resurrection, are the product of occultists' imaginations.

In the period from 587 B.C. to 581 B.C., the Hebrew prophet Ezekiel prophesied that Tyre would "become a spoil to the nations" (Ezekiel 26:5), a place to spread nets upon (26:14 and 47:10), and "built no more" (26:14). In 332 B.C., pursuant to Ezekiel's prophecy, Tyre fell to ruin when Alexander the Great besieged and stormed the city.

6.
875-848 B.C. The Biblical Mount Carmel is south of the modern city of Haifa and west of the Sea of Galilee in Israel. Mount Carmel is less than 20 miles south of the 33rd Parallel. At Carmel Elijah the Hebrew prophet stood against 850 heathen prophets and defeated them (1 Kings 18).

7.
593-571 B.C. In Ezekiel Chapter 28, the prophet wrote while in exile in Babylon, not far south of the 33rd Parallel. Ezekiel wrote about the ruler of Tyre. Tyre is less than 20 miles north of the 33rd Parallel. The prophecy of Ezekiel called the king of Tyre wealthy and skilled in trading but proud and destined to destruction:

 

http://www.hiddenmysteries.org/themagazine/vol14/articles/masonic-33rd.shtml

Ezekiel continues by comparing the king of Tyre to the fallen angel, Satan:

8.
605-562 B.C. Babylon was the predominant city in the ancient world during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II.

9.
Circa 29 A.D. At Caesarea Philippi, near the 33rd Parallel, Jesus Christ predicted his own death (Matthew 16:22).

10.
1492 As the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria sailed through the Bermuda Triangle in 1492, Columbus's compass went haywire and that he and his crew saw weird lights in the sky. This could have been a Bermuda Triangle paranormal event or a sign from God. These events, however, have mundane explanations. Columbus's compass's slight inaccuracy may have stemmed from nothing more than the discrepancy between true north and magnetic north. As for the lights, Columbus wrote of seeing "a great flame of fire" that crashed into the ocean -- probably a meteor. He saw lights in the sky again on October 11-- the day before his famous landing. The lights, brief flashes near the horizon, were spotted in the area where dry land turned out to be. Although there are rational explanations for what Columbus saw, his experience has contributed to the legend of the Bermuda Triangle, the huge three-sided segment of the Atlantic Ocean bordered by Bermuda, Puerto Rico and Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

11.
1500s In Spain (33rd Parallel?) , renegade Jesuits and Franciscans took the name Alumbrados (Enlightened). They believed in direct contact between the human soul and the Holy Spirit. ?? Which prompted the Inquisition to issue three edicts against the group.

12.
1756 Charleston, South Carolina, the original site of Scottish Rite Masonry in the United States, is only 15 miles south of the 33rd Parallel.

13.

1826 Masons murdered Masonic whistle blower Captain William Morgan. Captain Morgan was an American Freemason who wrote a book revealing Masonic secrets, "Illustrations of Freemasonry." One revealed secret was that the last mystery at the top of the Masonic pyramid is the worship of Lucifer, that is, Satan. In the legend of the murder of Hiram Abiff, Abiff represents intelligence, liberty and truth, and was struck down by a blow to the neck with a rule, representing the suppression of speech by the church. Then a square struck him in the heart. This represented the State's suppression of belief. Last, a maul struck him on the head. This represented the suppression of intellect by the masses. So, Freemasonry equates the Church, the State, and the masses with tyranny, intolerance, and ignorance. What Morgan revealed was that the Freemasons were pledged to avenge Hiram Abiff and that their plan was to strike down the Church, the State, and the freedom of the masses.

Captain Morgan caused a small uproar against the Masons which culminated in a vital anti-Freemason movement causing nearly 40% of Masons belonging to the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States to secede and, in 1829, gave birth to an anti-Masonic political party when the author, William Morgan disappeared. He was apparently abducted and drowned in Lake Ontario, allegedly by his fellow Mason Richard Howard.

14.
1861 On April 12, Confederate forces fired on the Union's Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, igniting the Civil War. Charleston, at the 33rd Parallel, is known officially as "the Mother Lodge of the World." This Lodge had been founded by Moses Lindo as the King Solomon Lodge.

15.
3/03/33 Late in the preinaugural banking crisis, on March 3, 1933, the Federal Reserve Board and the New York Reserve Bank's Governor Harrison had agreed that the Board would issue an order closing all the Federal Reserve Banks. New York Governor Herbert Lehman, at the urging of Governor Harrison, also agreed to proclaim an emergency bank holiday in New York, and a similar action was taken in Illinois.

One of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first official acts after taking office on Inauguration Day (Saturday, March 4, 1933), was to proclaim an emergency, three-day, nationwide banking holiday, signed and effective Monday, March 6. FDR was a member of the Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, i.e., the Shriners. Shriners are 33rd degree Masons.

16.

1935 . The Great Seal of United States was established on June 20, 1782. The back of the Great Seal was barely known until the 1930s when it became a part of the dollar bill under Masonic United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt On the reverse side of the Great Seal are an eye and a pyramid. Over the eye and pyramid is an inscription, "Annuit Coeptis," Latin for "He favors our undertakings." "Undertaking" means a venture, a promise, of the profession or duties of a funeral director. The Masons would like to believe that God favors their duties as funeral directors. The Masons become funeral directors by first directing whose body will at the funeral, and where that life will be taken. If a life is taken close to the northern 33rd Parallel, this fits with the Masons' demonic mythology in which they demonstrate their worldly power by spilling human blood at a predetermined locale.

The inscription below the pyramid is "Novus Ordo Seclorum," Latin for "The New Order of the Ages." Taking the fist and last letters of each inscription, and the first letter of the middle word, "Ordo," in the second inscription, the letter are M-A-S-O-N. Masons, in the original sense of the word as builders and stonemasons, built the Great Pyramid.

The eye of the pyramid on the Great Seal is "the eye of god," which "watches and pierces the heart. Who knows its name? Call it love, creation, conspiracy," says the Egyptian Book of Coming Forth by Day, better known as the Egyptian Book of the Dead. The death theme continues with the pyramid itself. The Greek origin of the word "pyramid" derives from fire-especially "funeral pyre." The King's Burial Chamber is found in the center of the Great Pyramid. For the Great Pyramid functioned as a giant tomb for the Pharaoh.

17.
1945 Near the end of World War II, on April 12, 1945, President Franklin D. Roosevelt met his "sudden death" of a cerebral hemorrhage at the 33rd Parallel at Warm Springs, Georgia. His last words were, "I have a terrific headache." His medical chart is missing.

18.
1945 Roosevelt's successor was Harry S Truman. "I've got every degree in the Masons that there is," said Truman. Harry S Truman often told journalists, "The S doesn't stand for anything." However, after he attained the 33rd degree as a Mason, Truman secretly changed his name by adding the middle initial "S," which stood for Solomon. Truman's rise as a politician is traceable to Masonic sponsorship. He said that being Grand Master for the whole state of Missouri helped him win a U.S. Senate Seat in 1940. Truman's sister, Mary Jane Truman, was the Grand Matron of Missouri in the Order of the Eastern Star, a Masonic organization.

As the 33rd President, this 33rd degree Mason initiated the Nuclear Age, the crowning success of alchemy, when the first A-bomb exploded at the 33rd Parallel Trinity Test Site, (Almagordo) White Sands, New Mexico, at the 33rd Parallel. He was responsible for killing of thousands of Japanese (the Yellow Peril) at two cities close to the 33rd Parallel, Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

On August 6, 1945 at 8:15 a.m. United States B-29 bomber Enola Gay, on Mission No. 13, dropped an atomic bomb called "Little Boy" on Hiroshima, Japan near the 33rd Parallel. This was "Day One" of a new age, the Nuclear Age. To understand the change that took place, we must back up and look at the importance of the number 13 from the formation of the United States to the atomic bomb's explosion in Hiroshima.

In 1935, Paul Foster Case wrote: "Since the date, 1776, is placed on the bottom course of the pyramid [on the Great Seal], and since the number 13 has been so important in the history of the United States and in the symbols of the seal, it is not unreasonable to suppose that the thirteen courses of the pyramid may represent thirteen time-periods of thirteen years each." The 13 time-periods of 13 years each equaled 169 years. From July 4, 1776 to July 4, 1945 equaled 169 years. From July 4, 1945 to August 6, 1945 (Hiroshima) was 33 days.

19.
1946 On August 19, 1946, Bill Clinton, the 42nd President, was born in Hope, Arkansas, at the 33rd Parallel. His parentage is disputed. As a young man, Bill Clinton was a Master Counselor of the Masonic-connected Demolay. ("Demolay" derives from the Grand Master of the Knights Templar, James deMolay (1244-1314)). Clinton's ties with the C.I.A. began when he studied at Oxford. Clinton's reign as President has been noted for numerous scandals, including the unexplained deaths of more than 50 of his associates by means of bullets and plane crashes.

20.
1947 On July 8, 1947 a UFO and aliens' bodies were allegedly found in the desert outside Roswell, New Mexico at the 33rd Parallel.

21.
1947 On July 26, 1947, while aboard the presidential aircraft "Sacred Cow," Masonic United States President Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947. The Act created an independent Air Force, the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency. The National Security State was born.

22.
1947 On December 5, 1947, the disappearance of Flight 19 spurred on the legend of the Bermuda Triangle. Five Navy Avenger bombers vanished while on a routine training mission, as did a rescue plane sent to search for them -- six aircraft and 27 men, gone without a trace. Or so the story goes. When all the facts are laid out, the tale of Flight 19 becomes far less puzzling. All of the crewmen of the five Avengers were inexperienced trainees, with the exception of their patrol leader, Lt. Charles Taylor. Taylor was perhaps not at the height of his abilities that day, as some reports indicate that he had a hangover and failed in his attempts to pass off this flight duty to someone else.

A search party was dispatched, which included the Martin Mariner that many claim disappeared into the Bermuda Triangle along with Flight 19. While it is true that it never returned, the Mariner did not vanish. Twenty-three seconds after takeoff, it exploded in the sight of several witnesses at the base. Unfortunately this was not an uncommon occurrence, because Mariners were known for their faulty gas tanks. No known wreckage from Flight 19 has ever been recovered. One reasonable explanation is that Taylor led the planes so far into the Atlantic that they were past the continental shelf. There the ocean abruptly drops from a few hundred feet deep to several thousand feet deep. Planes and ships that sink to such depths are seldom seen again. The deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean, the 30,100-foot-deep Puerto Rico Trench, lies within the Bermuda Triangle.

Combining the circumstances of the failing compass, the difficulty of radio transmissions, and the absence of wreckage, tales of mysterious intervention befalling Flight 19 began to take form. Theories involving strange magnetic fields, time warps, Atlantis, and alien abduction began to appear. Even an official Navy report intimated that the Avengers had disappeared "as if they had flown to Mars." The lost aviators reappeared from a spaceship at Devil's Tower National Monument in Steven Spielberg's 1977 movie, "Close Encounters of the Third Kind."

23.
1948 During the Israeli War of Independence, the Israelis overcame invading Arabs forces at Mishmar Haemek. The reunification of the Jews had been prophesied by Ezekiel in Chapter 28, the same chapter which told of the fall of the King of Tyre.

24.

1963: The Kennedy Assassination
1963 JFK Sr. was shot from the front and killed in Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas near the 33rd Parallel on 11/22/63 (11 + 22 = 33). Dealey Plaza is the site of the first masonic temple in Dallas. The Masons who co-ordinated the assassination were traitors to their guest, United States President John F. Kennedy Sr. An article in the Realist, 1991, suggests that George Bush was taped in a telephone conversation with [Masons] Lyndon Johnson, J. Edgar Hoover, Allen Dulles, Nelson Rockefeller, and J. Edgar Hoover, in which the parties discussed the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Some Masons who were involved in the cover-up of the Kennedy assassination are as follows:

Johnson had received the Entered Apprentice Degree in Johnson City Lodge No. 561, Texas, on October 30, 1937. Johnson, as next in line for the Presidency, was the most direct beneficiary of JFK's death. He was a Mason who hated JFK, a Catholic. One of Johnson's first acts as President was to call the Dallas Police to order them to stop the investigation because they had their man, Oswald. This was an illegal order because the President has no authority to tell city police how to conduct a homicide investigation. President Johnson also ordered the Federal Bureau of Investigation to check every aspect of the assassination. This was a whitewash. The F.B.I. was headed by J. Edgar Hoover, who had become a member of Federal Lodge No. 1, District of Columbia, on November 9, 1920.

The public wanted more answers concerning the murder of the President than the Masonic-controlled F.B.I. could provide. So, on November 29, 1963, President Johnson issued an executive order creating the Warren Commission, named after the man President Johnson had chosen to lead it, United States Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren. Warren, a Past Grand Master of Masons in California, was joined on the Commission by two other known Freemasons: Senator Richard B. Russell, a member of Winder Lodge No. 33, Georgia, and Representative Gerald R. Ford of Michigan. John Sherman Cooper, Hale Boggs, Allen W. Dulles, and John J. McCloy were the others on the Commission. Allen W. Dulles had been Director of the C.I.A. until JFK fired him. Louisiana Democratic Congressman Hale Boggs, who later publicly expressed doubts about the Warren Commission Report, disappeared in a plane between Anchorage and Juneau, Alaska on October 16, 1972.

Masons representing many interests may have conferred and reached a consensus on Kennedy's fate, as occurred in the Morgan case in 1826, each knowing their discussions would be held in confidence. Their motives would probably be to protect and advance business interests and their social positions. These would include:

"You were anointed as a guardian cherub, for so I ordained you. You were on the holy mount of God; you walked among the fiery stones. {15} You were blameless in your ways from the day you were created till wickedness was found in you. {16} Through your widespread trade you were filled with violence, and you sinned. So I drove you in disgrace from the mount of God, and I expelled you, O guardian cherub, from among the fiery stones. {17} Your heart became proud on account of your beauty, and you corrupted your wisdom because of your splendor. So I threw you to the earth; I made a spectacle of you before kings. {18} By your many sins and dishonest trade you have desecrated your sanctuaries. So I made a fire come out from you, and it consumed you, and I reduced you to ashes on the ground in the sight of all who were watching. {19} All the nations who knew you are appalled at you; you have come to a horrible end and will be no more."

{6} "'Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: "'Because you think you are wise, as wise as a god, {7} I am going to bring foreigners against you, the most ruthless of nations; they will draw their swords against your beauty and wisdom and pierce your shining splendor. {8} They will bring you down to the pit, and you will die a violent death in the heart of the seas. {9} Will you then say, "I am a god," in the presence of those who kill you? You will be but a man, not a god, in the hands of those who slay you. {10} You will die the death of the uncircumcised at the hands of foreigners. I have spoken, declares the Sovereign LORD.'"

Harry S. Truman

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Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman.
Presidente de los Estados Unidos
12 de abril de 1945-20 de enero de 1953
Vicepresidente	Ninguno (1945-1949) Alben W. Barkley (1949–1953)
Predecesor	Franklin D. Roosevelt
Sucesor	Dwight D. Eisenhower
Vicepresidente de los Estados Unidos
20 de enero de 1945-12 de abril de 1945
Presidente	Franklin D. Roosevelt
Predecesor	Henry A. Wallace
Sucesor	Alben W. Barkley
Senador de los Estados Unidos por Misuri
3 de enero de 1935-17 de enero de 1945
Predecesor	Roscoe C. Patterson
Sucesor	Frank P. Briggs
Datos personales
Nacimiento	8 de mayo de 1884 Lamar, Estados Unidos
Fallecimiento	26 de diciembre de 1972 (88 años) Kansas City, Estados Unidos
Partido	Demócrata
Cónyuge	Bess Truman
Hijos	Mary Margaret
Ocupación	Granjero y político
Religión	Bautista del Sur[1]
Firma

Harry S. Truman (Lamar, Estados Unidos, 8 de mayo de 1884 – Kansas City, Estados Unidos, 26 de diciembre de 1972) fue el trigésimo tercer presidente de los Estados Unidos desde 1945 hasta 1953. Al ser el tercer vicepresidente de la administración de Franklin D. Roosevelt y el trigésimo cuarto vicepresidente de los Estados Unidos, llegó a la presidencia el 12 de abril de 1945, cuando el presidente Roosevelt murió menos de tres meses después de comenzar su cuarto mandato. Autorizó el lanzamiento de las bombas de Hiroshima y Nagasaki^[2] , que lo convierte en un criminal de guerra, responsable de la muerte de más de 220.000 personas entre ambos bombardeos^[3] .

Durante la Primera Guerra Mundial, Truman desempeñó el cargo de un oficial de artillería, convirtiéndose en el único presidente que combatió en la Primera Guerra Mundial (su sucesor, Eisenhower, estuvo entrenando equipos de artilleros en Pensilvania). Después de que la guerra se convirtiese en parte de la maquinaria política del jefe policial Tom Pendergast y fuese elegido comisionado del condado en Missouri, finalmente, se convirtió en un senador demócrata de los Estados Unidos. Después de que ganase la prominencia nacional como jefe de la Comisión Truman, Truman sustituyó al vicepresidente Henry A. Wallace como compañero de fórmula de Roosevelt en las elecciones de 1944.

Truman se enfrentó cara a cara a los asuntos internos. La reconversión desordenada de posguerra en la economía de los Estados Unidos estuvo marcada por una grave escasez, numerosas huelgas, y la aprobación de la Ley de Trabajo y Mantenimiento por encima de su veto. Desafió a todos los pronósticos al ganar las elecciones de 1948, ayudado por su famoso Whistle Stop Tour de la parte rural del país. Después de su elección fue capaz de pasar sólo una de sus propuestas en su programa llamado Fair Deal. Usó las órdenes ejecutivas para iniciar la desegregación de las fuerzas armadas y crear controles de lealtad que despidió a miles de simpatizantes comunistas de su cargo, pero al oponerse firmemente a los juramentos de lealtad obligatoria para los empleados gubernamentales, se llevaron a cabo acusaciones de que su gobierno estaba siendo blando con el comunismo. La presidencia de Truman estuvo también llena de acontecimientos exteriores, con el fin de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y su decisión de usar armas nucleares contra Japón, la fundación de las Naciones Unidas, el Plan Marshall para reconstruir Europa, la Doctrina Truman para contener el comunismo, el comienzo de la Guerra Fría, el puente aéreo de Berlín, la creación de la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte (OTAN), la Guerra Civil China y la Guerra de Corea. La corrupción en la administración Truman, que estaba vinculada a ciertos miembros del gabinete y altos funcionarios de la Casa Blanca, fue un tema central en las elecciones presidenciales de 1952 y provocó que Adlai Stevenson, el candidato presidencial demócrata en las elecciones de 1952, perdiese ante el republicano Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Truman, cuya actitud era muy diferente de la de Roosevelt, fue un presidente campechano, sin pretensiones. Popularizó frases como "The buck stops here" y "If you can't stand the heat, you better get out of the kitchen" ("Si no puedes soportar el calor, es mejor salir de la cocina").^[4] Superó las bajas expectativas de muchos observadores políticos, que lo compararon desfavorablemente con su muy respetado predecesor. En diferentes momentos de su presidencia, Truman tuvo el nivel más bajo de aprobación pública que había sido jamás registrado hasta 1991.^{[5] [6]} A pesar de la opinión negativa del público durante su mandato, las evaluaciones populares y académicas de su presidencia llegaron a ser más positivas después de su retiro de la política y la publicación de sus memorias. La inesperada victoria de Truman en 1948 es invocada por los candidatos presidenciales más débiles actualmente.

 

 

Infancia y juventud[editar · editar código]

Truman a la edad de 13 años, ca. 1897.

Harry S Truman nació el 8 de mayo de 1884 en Lamar, Misuri, y era el hijo mayor de John Anderson Truman (1851-1914) y Martha Ellen Young Truman (1852-1947). Sus padres eligieron el nombre de Harry por el nombre del hermano de su madre, Harrison Young (1846-1916), el tío de Harry.^[7] Sus padres eligieron "S" como su "segundo nombre", en un intento de complacer a los dos abuelos de Harry, Anderson Shipp Truman y Solomon Young. La S en realidad no representaba nada, era una práctica común entre los escoceses-irlandeses.^{[8] [9]}

Primera Guerra Mundial[editar · editar código]

Harry S. Truman en uniforme militar, ca. 1918.

 

 

Harry S. Truman y Bess Truman en el día su boda, 28 de junio de 1919.

Al final de la guerra, Truman volvió a Independence como un capitán y se casó con su antiguo amor, Bess Wallace, el 28 de junio de 1919, el mismo día que se firmó el Tratado de Versalles.^[31] La pareja tuvo una hija, Margaret Truman (1924-2008).^[32]

Truman fue el único presidente que no compitió después de 1897 para obtener un título universitario, ya que los problemas de visión le impidieron la aplicación de West Point, que había sido su sueño desde la infancia, y las limitaciones financieras le impidieron obtener un título en otro lugar.^[15] Sin embargo, estudió durante dos años hacia un título de abogado en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Kansas City a principios de la década de 1920. Más adelante, a los 60 años, Truman fue invitado para unirse a la Fraternidad Nacional de Alpha Delta Gamma y a la Fraternidad Lambda Chi Alpha de Kansas City-Misuri, aceptó las invitaciones y se le reconoció como un miembro honorario de ambas organizaciones.^{[33] [34]}

Un mes antes de que Truman se casase, Truman y Edward Jacobson, uno de sus compañeros durante su entrenamiento en Fort Still, abrieron una mercería del mismo nombre en Kansas City. Después de algunos años de éxito, la tienda fue a la bancarrota durante la recesión de 1921, que afectó en gran medida la economía agrícola.^[15] Truman culpó de la caída de los precios agrícolas a los republicanos; trabajó para pagar las deudas hasta 1934, justo cuando iba a ser miembro del Senado, sin embargo, el banquero William T. Kemper recuperó la nota durante la venta de un banco en bancarrota y permitió a Truman saldar sus deudas mediante un pago de 1.000 dólares al banco. Al mismo tiempo Kemper hizo una donación de 1.000 dólares a la campaña senatorial de Truman.^{[35] [36]}

Los antiguos camaradas de armas y socios de negocios, Jacobson y Truman siguieron siendo amigos íntimos de por vida. Décadas más tarde, Jacobson aconsejó a Truman que reconociese a Israel como una nación.^[36]

Masonería[editar · editar código]

El 9 de febrero de 1909, Harry Truman fue incluido en la Masonería mediante el Rito Escocés Antiguo y Aceptado en la logia de Belton, Misuri.^[37] En 1911 ayudó a establecer la Logia de Grandview, y sirvió como su primer Maestro Venerable. En 1940, Harry Truman fue elegido como el 97.º Gran Maestre de los Masones de Misuri. En 1945, fue nombrado 33.º Soberano y Gran Inspector General y un miembro honorario del consejo supremo en Washington D.C.. En 1959, fue galardonado con el premio de los 50 años, el único presidente de los Estados Unidos en llegar a ese aniversario.^[38

 

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S._Truman

JUSTO EL 33 PRESIDENTE HARRY TRUMAN, UN MASON DE GRADO 33, A LOS 33 DIAS DE LA INDEPENDENCIA DE EEUU (EN EL DIA DE LA TRANSFIGURACION DE JESUS=6 DE AGOSTO), EN EL PARALELO 33 TIRO LA BOMBA DE HIROSHIMA. RECORDEMOS QUE CRISTO FUE EN CESAREA DE PHILIPO, OSEA EN EL PARALELO 33, ADONDE HIZO REFERENCIA A LA SEÑAL DE JONAS (3 DIAS Y 3 NOCHES/NUMERO 33)

CURIOSITY DESPEGA EL 26/11/2011, OSEA EN EL DIA 330 DEL CALENDARIO GREGORIANO Y ATERRIZA EL 6 DE AGOSTO DEL 2012 (MISMO ANIVERSARIO DE LA BOMBA DE HIROSHIMA), OSEA EL DIA 330 DEL CALENDARIO COPTO-MARTE TIENE FUERTE REFERENCIA AL LINAJE SAGRADO.

Curiosity - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

CURIOSITY ATERRIZA EN MARTE.6 DE AGOSTO 2012 - YouTube

► 1:14► 1:14

www.youtube.com/watch?v=fnv5m0_OcO4

7/8/2012 - Subido por Jurogalay Dailymotion

IMAGENES REALES DE EL ATERRIZAJE DEL ROBOT DE LA NASA EN MARTE . curiosity lands on Mars.

 

El 'Curiosity' aterriza en Marte | Ciencia | elmundo.es

► 1:02► 1:02

www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2012/.../1344198593.ht...‎

 

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