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De: BARILOCHENSE6999  (Mensaje original) Enviado: 04/09/2024 20:27

Temple de la Madeleine Church - Geneva, Switzerland

Temple de la Madeleine Church - Geneva, Switzerland

Madeleine Church, Geneva, Switzerland. The Temple de la Madeleine Madeleine Church is located in the foot of the Old Town of Geneva, Switzerland
 
 

Madeleine Church, Geneva, Switzerland. The Temple de la Madeleine Madeleine Church is located in the foot of the Old Town of Geneva, Switzerland

SAINT MICHAEL (SEPTEMBER 29TH)=VATICAN (ANGELS AND DEMONDS)=ENRICO FERMI=CERN
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CERN=APOLLO 11=VENICE=MARY MAGDALENE=LINE OF SAINT MICHAEL ARCHANGEL=DAVINCI COD
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TIM BERNERS-LEE BRITISH SCIENTIST, INVENTED THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) 1989 CERN
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CERN=EUGENE CERN-AN (APOLLO 11-17)=666= APOCALIPSIS 9:11=SISTEMA SEXAGECIMAL
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CALVINISM SWITZERLAND GENEVE BANK SECRECY INTERNET WORLD WIDE WEB CERN CALVIN
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CERN=EUGENE CERN-AN (APOLLO 11-17)=666= APOCALIPSIS 9:11=SISTEMA SEXAGECIMAL
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CALVINISM SWITZERLAND GENEVE BANK SECRECY INTERNET WORLD WIDE WEB CERN CALVIN
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CALVINISM SWITZERLAND GENEVE BANK SECRECY INTERNET WORLD WIDE WEB CERN CALVIN
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INDIA S SECRET SPACE TRAVEL MISSION VIMANA TECHNOLOGY CERN
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INDIA S SECRET SPACE TRAVEL MISSION VIMANA TECHNOLOGY CERN
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ANGELS AND DEMONS IN 17 MINUTES OR LESS DAN BROWN ROME CERN HOLY GRAIL
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GEMINI 9 (JUNE 3-6, 1966 EUGENE CERNAN/CERN) FIRST "SPACE WALKER"·
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APOLLO 10 MAY 18-26 1969 APOLLO 17 EUGENE CERNAN CERN
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¿EUGENE CERNAN "VIAJO EN EL TIEMPO"? - NEXO 3.14=PI=TIERRA REDONDA=APOLO 17
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ARE YOU CON-CERN-ED? THE CERN HADRON COLLIDER
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HIGHLIGHTS OF ANCIENT RAMAPPA TEMPLE TELANGANA CERN ISHTAR
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APOCALIPSIS 12=CERN=ISIS-HORUS-SET=FRANCOMASONERIA/PENTAGONO/MANZANA
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ACELERADOR DE PARTICULAS (CERN)=JANUKAH / J-ANUK-AH=CRUZ ANK=BEBE
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CERN-12 ESTADOS FUNDADORES-NEXO SANTA CENA
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ONU=33=CERN (TREINTA Y TRES)/(HECHOS 12:12 =33=JUAN MARCOS)
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LECTURA DE LA MISA EN EL DIA DE SAN MIGUEL ARCANGEL-NEXO CERN-29/9
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CERN FUE FUNDADO EN EL MISMO DIA DE SAN MIGUEL ARCANGEL (SAN JORGE/GIORGIO)
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CERN An Orion Stargate? | LOC and SPS Have An Undeniable Connection to Mercury
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CERN THE MESSAGE (MAGDELAYNA S APOLLO MIX)
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ANGELS AND DEMONS IN 17 MINUTES OR LESS DAN BROWN ROME CERN HOLY GRAIL
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SPIDER CERN TELANGANA INDIA
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IS ANTIGRAVITY REAL? (CERN, AREA 51)
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CERN ON THE DESKTOP ELECTROMAGNETIC RING ACCELERATOR
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JAINISM VIMANA FLYING MACHINES FLYING SAUCERS RANAKPUR TIRUMALAI CERN
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JAINISM VIMANA FLYING MACHINES FLYING SAUCERS RANAKPUR TIRUMALAI CERN
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Nazi Gold: The Full Story of the Fifty-Year Swiss-Nazi Conspiracy to Steal  Billions from Europe's Jews and Holocaust Survivors - eBook - Tom Bower -  ISBN 9781504043243 - Storytel

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Nazi GOLD IN SWITZERLAND: A DARK HISTORY
The Secret Gold Vaults of Switzerland
BBC News | Analysis | The greatest theft in history
 
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Nazi Gold | FRONTLINE | PBS

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De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 24/09/2024 17:09

Rome and Geneva: Religion and Science in Angels & Demons

SDG ORIGINAL SOURCE: Catholic World Report

When Sony Pictures, the production company behind the hit film The Da Vinci Code and the new sequel Angels & Demons, reached out to CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN management in Geneva saw a high-profile teachable moment for science.

They rolled out the red carpet for director Ron Howard and his fellow filmmakers, just as they had opened their doors to Dan Brown years earlier when he was writing Angels & Demons (the predecessor to The Da Vinci Code, though the film versions reverse the order). Establishing shots were filmed at CERN’s Geneva campus, where part of the story is set, and CERN physicists consulted on the script, where possible glossing over gaping holes in Brown’s dodgy quantum physics as well as his fanciful descriptions of the CERN campus and culture.

Earlier this year, CERN hosted a press event for the studio, which I attended. Journalists from around the world converged on Geneva to view early footage from the film and to interview Howard, Tom Hanks, reprising his role as protagonist Robert Langdon, and costar Ayelet Zurer, who plays Angels & Demons heroine Vittoria Vetra. Afterwards, the press continued on to Rome to tour important ecclesiastical and other sites in the story, such as St. Peter’s Square, Santa Maria del Popolo and Castel Sant’Angelo.

CERN made available a number of its own physicists, who generally did their best to talk up what the story gets right, though there were exceptions. “If Brown got the Vatican as wrong as he got us,” a CERN scientist said to me during a reception, “we’ve got a lot less to complain about.” (For more on all that Angels & Demons gets wrong scientifically, historically and culturally, see “Fact-checking Angels & Demons.”)

At the same time, the physicists were careful to debunk two myths regarding which both Sony and CERN probably wanted some protective distance from the book. One was the “antimatter bomb” — a key plot point in the film as well as the book, but one that everyone except Brown wants to reassure the public is strictly make-believe. The other was the supposed mutual hostility of science and religion — a crucial theme in the book, but one that CERN scientists all dismissed, and that the filmmakers emphasized is handled differently in the film.

“In the adaptation that tension, particularly from the scientific side, is actually not dealt with very much,” Howard said at a CERN press conference. “It’s not excluded on some kind of philosophical level, but just in the narrative that we have constructed out of the book, that’s not a central idea … It’s one of the areas where the novel and the movie differ to a degree.”

More generally, Howard emphasized that he sought to be fair in depicting the Catholic Church. “I wanted to put a human face on the cardinals,” he said. “I tried to be very respectful about that … I suspect that some people want to look at it as broad-minded and interesting, and others are going to perhaps resent some of the foibles and character defects that get dramatized as well. But I think that there’s a balance there.”

Honor in the breach?

Certainly, where the film version of The Da Vinci Code dutifully sought to incorporate as much of Brown’s tendentious, anti-ecclesiastical speechifying as possible, the big-screen Angels & Demons is a much freer adaptation that puts the emphasis on action and keeps speeches to a minimum.

Still, following its source, the new film posits a murderous, ancient feud between the Catholic hierarchy and the “Illuminati,” reimagined not as the historical late eighteenth-century political secret society, but as a covert pre-Enlightenment scientific fraternity.

“The Illuminati were a secret society dedicated to scientific truth,” Langdon declares solemnly in a shot seen in one scene. “The Catholic Church ordered a brutal massacre to silence them forever. They’ve come for their revenge.” In a line taken straight from the book, Vatican camerlengo (papal chamberlain) Patrick McKenna (Carlo Ventresca in the book), played by Ewan MacGregor, declares, “Since the days of Galileo our Church has tried to slow the relentless march of science, often with misguided means.”

Some notable departures from the novel have the effect of softening the portrayal of the Church. At the press conference Hanks cited what he called a “magnificent” pro-church line, added by the film’s screenwriters for the head of the Swiss Guard, Commander Richter (Stellan Skarsgård), who tells Langdon: “My church feeds the hungry. My church comforts the sick and dying. What does your church do? That’s right — you don’t have one.” (“And this is true,” Hanks acknowledged. “The church does take care of the poor, feeds the hungry, cares for the sick.”)

Key changes toward the end of the story undermine the machinations of an unbalanced ecclesiastical figure, in general putting the Church in a more positive light than in the book and certainly than either version of The Da Vinci Code. Where Brown’s Angels & Demons has the entire college of cardinals fall prey to the villain’s subterfuge, the film deals with this in a way that allows the cardinals to save a little face. The filmmakers also extend mercy to an ecclesiastical character who has a very different and grimmer fate in the book.

What no amount of revisionism can overcome is the sheer fact that Angels & Demons remains part of the Da Vinci fantasy-verse, in which Christianity is seen as a long, bloody cover-up, Jesus’ divinity and resurrection is a lie, and Jesus’ true legacy is the offspring of his marriage to Mary Magdalene, which gives rise to the Merovingian dynasty.

Hanks acknowledged as much. “If you’ve seen the first one,” he said, “you realize that Langdon has inside himself this very powerful truth. He’s got it. He saw it through The Da Vinci Code. He found it, he interpreted it … So there is great weight to him walking into the Vatican — there’s a lot of communication that goes on between his eyes and the eyes of anybody who is in authority in Vatican City because of this shared truth.”

Angels & Demons in Rome

Given the lie of this implicit “shared truth,” response to the film project from Church authorities at the Vatican and at Rome has understandably been very different from that of CERN management. Stung by the roaring success of The Da Vinci Code, officials at the Holy See prudently judged the sequel a lost cause, and have declined to participate in any way.

The film shoot was denied permission to stage key scenes at St. Peter’s Square and other Vatican locations as well as churches in the diocese of Rome featured in the story — and the filmmakers claim that permits to shoot at other locations in Rome were canceled at the last minute — possibly, Howard suggested, due to behind-the-scenes requests on the Church’s behalf.

“Three days before we were to begin filming,” Howard said, “we were told there was a meeting between the film commission and some Vatican officials … and in the wake of that, a number of our permits were rescinded. No official word ever came from the Vatican and nor did anyone from the film commission ever say, ‘The Vatican has asked us to remove these.’ It did push us into a kind of a production spin.”

“We often provide our churches to productions whose purposes are compatible with religious sentiment,” Rome diocese spokesman Father Marco Fibbi commented during the shoot, “but not when the film pursues a type of fantasy that damages common religious sentiment, as in the case of The Da Vinci Code.” Regarding Angels & Demons, Fibbi added, in an eminently quotable sound bite, “Normally we read the script, but this time that wasn’t necessary. The name Dan Brown was enough.”

As a result, the shoot was obliged to make do with a mix of external establishing shots, non-ecclesiastical locations (such as the Royal Palace of Caserta, which stood in for interior shots at the Vatican), Hollywood sets, computer-generated imagery and possibly — Howard has repeatedly hinted — some covert filmmaking (“cameras can be made really small,” he cracks).

Path of Illumination

For the Roman part of the press junket, the studio had another set of options. Obviously there would be no Vatican tour, no panel of churchmen to discuss what Brown did or didn’t get right in ecclesiastical history, polity or art. On the other hand, between the Da Vinci phenomenon and the new film fueling enthusiasm for the other Robert Langdon story, Angels & Demons has become such a sensation in its own right that for some time tourists in Rome have their choice of any number of competing Angels & Demons–themed guided tours, all more or less following in Langdon’s footsteps as he deciphers 450-year-old scavenger-hunt clues supposedly left by Galileo in a rare manuscript in the Vatican archives.

There’s the Angels & Demons “Official Tour,” subtitled “The Path of Illumination” or via Illuminati (originally offered by Dark Rome, now conducted by AD Travel), licensed by Brown’s Italian publisher. Another tour, offered by Through Eternity, apparently reinforces some of Brown’s most lurid lies (the tour’s Web site claims that “Over the centuries countless people were tortured, hung or burned at the stake by the Vatican merely because their inquiries into the mysteries of the world went against church dogma”).

On the other hand, the self-styled “Unofficial” tour — reportedly the first Angels & Demons themed tour, operated by Three Millennia — promises to “separate fact from fiction,” including a long laundry list of Brown’s historical, architectural and art-history blunders. When I contacted the founder of Three Millennia via email, he willingly responded at length, recounting many of the issues noted in my essay “Fact-checking Angels & Demons.”

Church officials don’t like the tours, but there doesn’t seem to be much for it. Still, when AD Travel contracted with Sony to offer the press a customized version of their “Official” tour blending elements of the book and the film, they appeared to be taking no chances. Journalists had to sign an agreement not to photograph tour guides so they couldn’t be identified on church grounds.

The Eternal City through a pop-culture lens

Our guide — a young, somewhat theatrical college student with long dark hair and bohemian attire who dramatically recounted key scenes from the story throughout the tour, using stock phrases like a Homeric storyteller — emphasized the importance of his anonymity and the vehemence of the Church’s opposition to the tours. How much of this was real or theater may be hard to ascertain; later we heard, whether truly or not, that one tour party that day was actually detained at Vatican City, had their passports checked and so forth.

On the tour, occasional sops to reality were allowed to subvert the story’s pretensions to accuracy; more often, we got the Dan Brown version. In St. Peter’s Square, our guide admitted that the “West/Ponente” marker in the square pavement, presented in the book as an all-important clue left by Bernini pointing the way to the next location on the path, is actually one of sixteen markers aligned to the points of the compass, forming a circular “compass rose” pointing in every direction.

At the same time, we were told that the English word “West” in the Ponente tile indicated, in Bernini’s day, a disreputable Anglicism — English in the 1600s being, in Brown’s mythology, “the one language the Vatican had not yet embraced” and “did not control” (whatever that means). In reality, the wind-rose markers were added three centuries later, under Pius IX.

Likewise, at Santa Maria della Vittoria, our guide offered a reductionistically carnal reading of Bernini’s Ecstasy of St. Teresa, in keeping with the sophomoric bawdiness of Brown’s account of the sculpture (“the statue depicted the saint on her back in the throes of a toe-curling orgasm”) as well as the relevant passages of St. Teresa’s autobiography (“If that’s not a metaphor for some serious sex, I don’t know what is”). Brown’s prurient snickering is a shallow reversal of the truth: It is the erotic overtones in St. Teresa’s writing and in Bernini’s sculpture that are the metaphor for otherwise incommunicable mystical experiences — not the other way around.

The prospect of a stream of tourists flowing into Rome in order to experience the Eternal City through the hopelessly muddled lens of a mediocre, sensationalistic potboiler is certainly sobering, not to say depressing.

An anti-Catholic master myth

In The Da Vinci Code, Brown’s central thesis is built on a preposterously revisionist, esoteric misreading of history, upending the fundamental tenets of the Gospel and replacing them with a neopagan–feminist aesthetic of the sacred feminine. Compared to The Da Vinci Code, Brown’s Angels & Demons is still ramping up to this thesis statement. While Angels & Demons does offer revisionist esoterica around, among other things, the supposed Illuminati connections of Copernicus, Galileo and Bernini — all of whom were long dead before the historical Illuminati was founded — its central thesis is not a conspiracy-theory revelation, but a popular anti-Catholic master myth.

That master myth is the implacable, irreconcilable mutual hostility of biblical faith and scientific inquiry. Both the film and the book versions of Angels & Demons tell us that “religion has always persecuted science” and “tried to slow the relentless march of science, sometimes with misguided means” — torture and murder included. (“Sometimes with misguided means” would seem to be meant as a considerable euphemism, considering the source — especially in the film; more on this in a moment.) This oppression, moreover, is not just over certain revolutionary notions, such as heliocentrism, but in principle, inasmuch as any rapprochement of faith and science would have, as the book puts it, “nullified the church’s claim as the sole vessel through which man could understand God” (italics in original).

While the larger picture of the Catholic Church’s opposition to science and systematic persecuting scientists like Copernicus — the meta-narrative around which Angels & Demons is constructed — has little basis in fact, it’s also not a mere fictional conceit of Brown’s story. Just as The Da Vinci Code’s reading of history is drawn from fevered conspiracy theories of the Templar Revelation variety, Angels & Demons exploits a misconception with long roots in American anti-Catholicism: a kind of anti-Catholic master myth celebrated in books like Charles Chiniquy’s 1886 diatribe Fifty Years in the Church of Rome.

“Copernicus was surely one of the greatest lights of his time,” Chiniquy wrote, “but was he not censured and excommunicated for his admirable scientific discoveries?” It’s a rhetorical question, but the answer is actually no — he wasn’t. Chiniquy goes on to claim that Blaise Pascal as well as Copernicus was excommunicated, while Galileo was publicly flogged and sent to a dungeon.

Godless physicists, super-colliding abominations

None of Chiniquy’s claims are true. (Pascal may have had heretical leanings, but never faced excommunication, while Galileo suffered nothing worse than house arrest, and was never flogged, tortured or imprisoned in a dungeon. As for Copernicus, he was never at odds with Church authorities at all.) Nevertheless, even today the picture of the Church systematically persecuting and executing scientists is popularly perceived as having some basis in history — a perception Angels & Demons exploits and reinforces.

Some of Brown’s loopier religion/science flash points are almost touchingly daft. Even in academia, we’re told, fundamentalist anti-scientism is so potent that half of U.S. schools “aren’t allowed to teach evolution”; and Brown has Harvard’s Divinity School — that bastion of religious rigidity — marching on the Biology Building to protest genetic engineering (a spectacle that can only appear surreal to Catholics scandalized by Notre Dame’s VIP overtures toward President Obama).

In one of the book’s most hilarious disconnects, a CERN official, dismayed to learn that the U.S. Senate is cutting funding for a particle super-collider, exclaims furiously: “One of the most important scientific projects of the century! Two billion dollars into it and the Senate sacks the project? Damn Bible-Belt lobbyists!” (Italics added.) Because, you know, Bible-Belt types are forever fulminating against godless particle physicists and their super-colliding abominations.

Brown freely imputes to Catholicism the scientific bugaboos of other religious groups — such as repudiation of modern medicine in favor of faith healing and young-earth Creationism — and even of men of science. With breathtaking mendacity he claims that Galileo’s troubles began when he proposed the notion of elliptically orbiting heavenly bodies, contravening the Church’s insistence on the “perfection” of the circle. In reality, it was Galileo himself who esteemed the perfection of circular orbits, and rejected the notion of elliptically orbiting heavenly bodies. (See “Fact-checking Angels & Demons” for more.)

Buddha (and Muhammad) are just all right with them

Although Brown relentlessly pillories Christianity and particularly Catholicism, he doesn’t pit science against “faith” or “God” per se. His books are not anti-religion or anti-faith, but anti-dogma, anti-institutional, anti-patriarchal, anti–revealed religion.

Angels & Demons doesn’t overlook, but highlights that some of its heroes of science, such as Galileo, were devout Catholics who saw science and religion as complementary rather than opposed. Brown’s fictional heroes likewise include a maverick priest–scientist, Leonardo Ventra, and his daughter Vittoria (the two characters aren’t related in the film), who see no conflict between faith and reason. Nevertheless, Brown claims, the enlightened attitudes of Galileo and others conflicted with the Church’s claim to be “the sole vessel through which man could understand God” (emphasis in original).

In Brown’s universe, true faith is vague, mystical, scientific, feminist and universal. “God, Buddha, The Force, Yahweh, the singularity, the unicity point — call it whatever you like,” Vittoria says. Well, anything except Him. “Her,” Vittoria corrects Langdon with a smile. “Your Native Americans had it right.” (This feminist bent reached its apex with The Da Vinci Code’s celebration of the “Sacred Feminine” in the quasi-divine Mary Magdalene.)

How about Allah? The book takes a jab at violence and misogyny in the Muslim world in the figure of the Hassassin, a sadistic Arab Muslim who revels in murder and rape. This, though, was evidently too controversial for Hollywood, and the assassin’s religious and ethnic identity was scrubbed, much as the Muslim villains of Tom Clancy’s The Sum of All Fears were recast in the film version as neo-Nazis. The assassin is played in the film by Danish actor Nikolaj Lie Kaas, and is explicitly non-religious.

Gleeful comeuppance (major spoilers)

Brown’s evident animus for the Church makes it impossible to ignore the glee with which he crafts the Church’s comeuppance. The book recounts the gruesome ritual murders of four kidnapped cardinals, each of whom is murdered, Se7en style, in a “themed” way, corresponding to the elements of earth, air, fire and water. For the final two murders, the narrator — who otherwise tells us only Langdon’s thoughts — gives us first-person descriptions of the cardinals’ last thoughts.

One, slowly roasting while suspended cruciform, can only think that God has forsaken him and he is in hell. The other, drowning in Four Rivers fountain, at least manages a suitable Christian thought — the sufferings of Jesus, who died for his sins — and even notes the kind eyes of Langdon, who tried to save him. Neither attempts an appropriate final prayer.

Then comes the camerlengo Ventresca’s speech before the cardinals, followed by his revolutionary televised mission statement, which could be paraphrased: “Religion to Science: You win. But you still stink.” Though he’s meant to be a sort of in-touch traditionalist, the camerlengo’s speech is a thesis statement of modernist Catholicism: The Bible isn’t true, but we have to have faith in something, get morals from somewhere, have some sort of spirituality.

So mesmerized are the cardinals by this vapid speech that, following a convenient “miracle,” they spontaneously acclaim Ventresca as pope … after which it is revealed that Ventresca — not the “Illuminati” — has orchestrated everything: the kidnapping and murders of the cardinals, even the antimatter threat to Rome, a false crisis arranged by the camerlengo so that he could “providentially” prevent it.

Further scurrilous revelations follow. The late pope was poisoned by Ventresca for a sin the pope began to reveal to him, which turns out to involve the pope having fathered a son with a nun — by in vitro fertilization, so as not to break their vows of chastity (yeah, that’s the ticket). And then it turns out that the camerlengo himself is the son in question. Aghast at having unwittingly murdered his own father, Ventresca commits self-immolation — after which the stunned cardinals commence a new conclave to elect a new pope.

Film versus book (major spoilers)

The outrageous subversion of the conclave process by the villain, who is elected by an extraordinary process of election by acclamation, may be the most noxious structural element in the main action of the book. It’s worth noting, then, that the film follows a significantly different path on this point. In contrast with the camerlengo Ventresca of Brown’s book, the camerlengo McKenna played by Ewan MacGregor is somewhat less successful in realizing his plans.

Thanks to a last-minute save by Langdon, the cardinals discover the camerlengo’s treachery in time to be spared the indignity of electing to the Chair of Peter, however briefly, the villain of the piece. Even so, prior to Langdon’s discovery of the his guilt, there is talk among the cardinals about electing McKenna by acclamation, and after his death there are calls among the faithful for his canonization as a saint. With the faithful and even the princes of the Church being this dupeable, no wonder Cardinal Strauss tells Langdon, “Thank God he sent you to save us.”

The film also jettisons the in vitro back story connecting the late pope with the camerlengo — yet, precisely because of this missing back story, needs to provide another motive for the pope’s murder. In the book, the camerlengo Ventresca murders the pope when he learns that the pope has fathered a son, not yet realizing that he is himself that son. For the film, the rationale becomes yet another rehash of religion versus science: The camerlengo McKenna was scandalized by the pope’s openness to scientific theories regarding the Big Bang. Even today, then, churchmen — even seeming semi-progressives like McKenna — are driven to murder by fear of science.

Does it have to make sense?

All in all, the film does appreciably blunt the anti-Catholic punch of the book, raising the question of what accounts for the filmmakers’ apparent new tack, especially compared to the more uncompromising film version of The Da Vinci Code?

Partly, perhaps, it’s simply the increased confidence of following up on a successful adaptation — much as the second and third installments of Peter Jackson’s The Lord of the Rings departed further from source than the first, and later Harry Potter movies took more liberties than the first two.

Could controversy around The Da Vinci Code be another factor? Common wisdom holds that controversy merely helps sell a film, and certainly The Da Vinci Code made a huge pile of money. Yet most of that money was made overseas, where the film was less controversial; and, while the film’s domestic haul of $217M is nothing to sneeze at, it’s not as huge as it could have been, being a $125M film based on a runaway best-seller and starring the likes of Tom Hanks and Ian McKellen. (Cast Away and Forrest Gump each cost less and made more domestically selling cheaper tickets.)

Despite some controversy-courting posturing, Sony has courted the religious press and audiences in a way that suggests a desire to minimize controversy rather than exploit it for free publicity. It seems plausible that backlash against the first film was a learning experience for Howard and his colleagues, and the diminished problematics of the sequel could be partially a response to that.

The result is perhaps something of a muddle: a story in which the Vatican hierarchy is implicitly understood to be involved in a murderous conspiracy to hide the falsity of their religion’s foundations, yet is at the same time the somewhat sympathetic victim of a terrible plot, with the heroes racing to save the machinery of the Church itself from a grave threat (albeit a home-grown one).

Well, does it have to make sense? The reality is, Hollywood generally prefers a mushy muddle to a story with a potentially controversial point of view. It’s why New Line’s The Golden Compass was less overtly anti-religious than Philip Pullman’s book — and also why the Disney–Walden Narnia films are less overtly Christian than Lewis’s books. Christian, anti-Christian … do stories have to be about something? Can’t we just turn off our brains, buy tickets and enjoy the ride?

Of course the subsidiary effect remains in play: The more successful Sony’s Angels & Demons is, the more interest the book (s) as well as the original film will continue to find.

https://decentfilms.com/articles/romeandgeneva

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De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 24/09/2024 17:41
Geneva Cern: Over 10 Royalty-Free Licensable Stock Illustrations & Drawings  | Shutterstock

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De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 25/09/2024 01:57

Napoleon’s Forgotten First Battle: La Maddalena, 1793

Napoleon got his first taste of battle in February 1793 at the siege of La Maddalena. By the year’s end, Napoleon was a general and a hero.

Jun 6, 2024 • By Dale Pappas, PhD Modern European History, MA History, BA History, Italian Studies
 

 

napoleon first battle la maddalena

 

 

Napoleon’s name is synonymous with French history. But before Napoleon rose to power in France, he dreamed of becoming influential in his native Corsica. In fact, Napoleon made many decisions in his early life, believing that it could help further his career in Corsica rather than France. However, Napoleon’s participation in the failed attempt to seize La Maddalena in February 1793 contributed to a shift in his thinking about Corsica. By the end of 1793, this Corsican patriot had emerged as a rising star of the French Republic.

 

Napoleon’s Homeland: Corsica 

map corsica levasseur 1861
Decorative Map of Corsica by Victor Levasseur, 1861. Source: Wikipedia Commons

 

In his book The Social Contract (1762), Genevan philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote of Corsica, “I have a presentiment that one day this small island will astonish Europe.” Indeed, the rebellion launched by the islanders against Genoese rule in the 1760s captured Europe’s attention. Even people in distant Boston and Philadelphia admired Corsica’s rebellious spirit. They tried to emulate it in opposing British policies on the eve of the American Revolution.

 

Corsican rebels continued their fight against the French, who purchased the north Mediterranean island of Corsica from Genoa in 1768. France formally annexed Corsica the following year and appointed Charles Louis de Marbeuf as the island’s governor.

 

But Rousseau’s statement equally applies to the life of Napoleon Bonaparte, born in Ajaccio, Corsica, on August 15, 1769. He was the second son of Carlo and Letizia Buonaparte. Despite aristocratic lineage, Napoleon’s parents were Corsican revolutionaries determined to upend Genoese rule. At first, they also backed resistance to the French, but soon realized loyalty presented opportunities for the family.

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Napoleon’s Youth 

napoleon studying francois flameng
Napoleon Studying at Auxonne, 1788, by François Flameng. Source: Wikipedia Commons

 

Thanks to his family’s close ties to Marbeuf, Napoleon received admission to one of France’s military academies. Napoleon started school in France at age nine, first in Autun and then in Brienne. The young Napoleon impressed his instructors as he advanced through different academies.

 

Although initially recommended for naval service because of his knack for mathematics, Napoleon was soon placed on track for a career in the prestigious artillery branch of the French army. In 1785, he received his first commission in the French army as a lieutenant.

 

However, Napoleon longed to return to Corsica and found adjusting to life in France difficult. Indeed, at this point, Napoleon still signed his name “Napoleone di Buonaparte” rather than the Napoleon Bonaparte. Despite his promising academic record and French military commission, Napoleon spent most of the years 1786-1788 on leave from his regiment. Most of that time was spent in Corsica.

 

Napoleon grew interested in and supported republican ideals as the French Revolution unfolded. But at this stage, Napoleon saw the French Revolution as an opportunity for Corsica’s independence. In other words, Napoleon still saw his future in Corsica rather than Paris.

https://www.thecollector.com/napoleon-first-battle-la-maddalena/

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De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 26/09/2024 03:50

Christopher Columbus House

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The Christopher Columbus House in Genoa, Italy, is an 18th-century reconstruction of the house in which Christopher Columbus grew up.[1]

Description

[edit]

The house is located outside Genoa's 14th-century walls. During the Renaissance, the area became subject to intense building, mainly consisting of public housing.[2]

Columbus was born in 1451, and historical documents indicated that Columbus lived here between approximately 1455 and 1470. At this time, the house had two or maybe three stories, with a shop on the ground floor, and the front door to the left of the shop.[2]

According to historian Marcello Staglieno, the original house was most likely destroyed in the French Bombardment of Genoa in 1684. It was rebuilt in the early 18th century on the basis of the original ruins.[3] The rebuilt structure had a height of five stories. However, the upper stories were built by placing their beams on the neighboring buildings. When the neighboring buildings were demolished around 1900, as part of the construction of Via XX Settembre, the upper stories of this building were removed, and it was reduced to its current height of two stories.[4]

Currently the building operates as a museum, under the management of the "Porta Soprana" Genovese cultural association. Its central location and nearby parking make it a popular meeting place for the Genovese.[2]


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De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 26/09/2024 03:58
Neil armstrong | PPT
First men: The Journeys of Columbus and Armstrong – Fra Noi
Moon landing: Neil Armstrong's cheeky retort to Columbus comparison  revealedNEIL ARMSTRONG | Science | News | Express.co.uk

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De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 29/09/2024 21:49
Aunque Ginebra se menciona en escritos de Julio César en latín como Genava (Génava), durante la Guerra de las Galias, el nombre en sí mismo es de origen céltico. Este también ha sido transformado por otras culturas. Por ejemplo, Ginebra es llamada Geneva en inglés y arpitano.

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De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 29/09/2024 21:53

En las cuatro lenguas nacionales de Suiza: en francés Genève (lengua y nombre oficial); en alemán Genf; en italiano Ginevra; en romanche Genevra.

En lenguas distintas del castellano, es usual la confusión entre esta ciudad y el puerto italiano de Génova. Al parecer, se debería a que tienen una raíz céltica común, genu/genawa 'estuario'.


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De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 29/09/2024 21:55
Ginebra
Genève  (francés)
Ciudad
 

 




Ginebra ubicada en Suiza
Ginebra
Ginebra
 
Localización de Ginebra en Suiza
Ginebra ubicada en Europa
Ginebra
Ginebra
 
Localización de Ginebra en Europa
Coordenadas 46°12′N 6°09′E
Idioma oficial francés
 • Otros idiomas franco-provenzal
Entidad Ciudad
 • País Suiza
 • Cantón Cantón de Ginebra
Alcalde Frédérique Perler (Los Verdes)
Superficie  
 • Total 15,93 km²
Altitud  
 • Media 373 m s. n. m.
Población (2023)  
 • Total 205 839 hab.1
 • Densidad 12 954 hab./km²
Gentilicio ginebrino
Huso horario UTC+01:00
Código postal 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1211 y 1200
Prefijo telefónico 22
Matrícula GE
Código OFS 6621
Sitio web oficial
Miembro de: Eurocities (miembro asociado)Global Cities Dialogue
1En 2000, la ciudad obtuvo el premio Wakker de la liga suiza del patrimonio nacional por su concepto de rehabilitación de la ribera del Ródano y su entorno inmediato.

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De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 29/09/2024 21:59

El primer pueblo que se estableció en la región y en parte de Galia (Saboya y Delfinado) fueron los alóbroges. El lugar ocupado actualmente por Ginebra fue un poblado alóbroge, tomado y fortificado por César (58 a. C.). Bajo la dominación romana, formó parte de la Galia Narbonense, la provincia. Con la caída del imperio, la ocuparon los burgundios (siglo v) y los francos (534). Fue la capital del reino de Borgoña en el siglo ix, y se integró en el Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico en 1032, dentro del cual gozó de cierta autonomía.

"l'Escalade".

La unión de Ginebra con Friburgo y Berna permitió a la ciudad expulsar definitivamente al obispo en 1536 y adoptar la Reforma, iniciada por Martín Lutero, al acoger a Juan Calvino en 1541 y ser el principal foco del calvinismo. Calvino y Farel organizaron una rígida república teocrática que resistió los embates de los duques de Saboya, convirtiéndose en una tierra de asilo que acogió a los protestantes perseguidos por los católicos y los intelectuales en desacuerdo con la Iglesia católica, de ahí su nombre de la Roma protestante.

En la noche del 11 al 12 de diciembre de 1602, Ginebra fue atacada por el duque de Saboya Carlos Manuel I. Los atacantes utilizaron escaleras plegables de madera (guardadas en el Museo de arte e historia) para asaltar la muralla sur. Los ginebrinos ganaron la batalla y llamaron al acontecimiento "l'Escalade", cuya conmemoración se celebra cada año. Anexionada por la Francia revolucionaria el 15 de abril de 1798, la unión duró hasta la toma de la ciudad por las tropas austriacas el 30 de diciembre de 1813. En 1815 se sumó a la Confederación Helvética.


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De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 30/09/2024 03:10

Did Large Hadron Collider create TIME TRAVEL? 'Machine shut down after plane vanishes'

THE Large Hadron Collider "created a 'time warp' that sent a passenger jet thousands of miles off course" in the blink of an eye and caused a massive power black out, it has shockingly been claimed.

 
07:44, Wed, Aug 17, 2016 | UPDATED: 12:30, Wed, Aug 17, 2016
0
 

Conspiracy theorists have sensationally claimed the LCH caused time travel.GETTY*CERN

Conspiracy theorists have sensationally claimed the LCH caused time travel.

The huge scientific experiment, which is used to collide particles to discover more about how the universe formed, opened a time portal meaning an Iberworld Airbus A330-300 ended up landing 5,500 miles from where it was supposed to, conspiracy theorists say.

Built among miles of tunnels under the Swiss-French border, the complex machine is run by the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN).

 

Claims are now ride CERN scientists shut down the LHC during an experiment  immediately after the incident with the plane.

An article on website Freedom Fighter Times said: "The power released from the LHC was so strong that it sent a time warp across the planet. 

"What really happened can best be explained as a massive power outage all across South America."

The report said CERN scientists began a series of experiments during which they discovered their testing was "distorting our Earth’s magnetic field and had 'shot off' a 'time wave' towards the core of the planet”.

 

LARGE HADRON: The LCH is the biggest scientific experiment on Earth.GETTY

LARGE HADRON: The LCH is the biggest scientific experiment on Earth.

Tracking showed the wave veered exactly towards the ‘Sun Gate’ high in the Bolivian Andes mountains, the report said.

The report added the “initial ‘time wave’ spawned by the LHC” erupted from the ‘Sun Gate’ and headed out towards the space above South America.

The wave then “glanced into the path of an Iberworld Airbus A330-300 flown by Air Comet which was ready to begin its descent into Santa Cruz, Bolivia, but then found itself ‘instantly and mysteriously’ over the skies of Santa Cruz, in Tenerife, Spain, over 5,500 miles away”.

All 170 passengers and the crew of flight A7-301 were safe, and after 17 hours on the ground in Spain the departed back to Bolivia.

The bizarre plane incident is said to have happened on November 1 2009.

 

COMPLEX: Cables powering the huge collider.GETTY

COMPLEX: Cables powering the huge collider.

A day later CERN lost power at the LHC and announced some days later in a statement a bird had dropped a piece of baguette onto the machinery, causing the shut down.

The report added: "After this mysterious event CERN scientists shut down the LHC blaming their failed experiment on a bird dropping a piece of bread onto outdoor machinery.

"After which their Director for Research and Scientific Computing, Sergio Bertolucci, warned that the titanic LHC machine may possibly create or discover previously unimagined scientific phenomena, or 'unknown unknowns' such as an 'extra dimension'".

The report, and other similar ones went onto claim, even after the LHC was shut down, “dimensional distortions” created in South America by the “time wave” continued and caused the Gateway of the Sun monolith to send out what Russian scientists likened to a "digital communication”.

This was said to have been blasted towards thousands of Pyramids and other ancient sites in Brazil and the Andes Region, leading to a massive power outage plunging “tens-of-millions of people into darkness".

 

 

Former Whitby Town councillor Simon Parkes claimed he stopped LCH scientists allowing Satan through a portal last year.JONAUSTIN

Former Whitby Town councillor Simon Parkes claimed he stopped LCH scientists allowing Satan through

So is any of this true?

Well it is true that CERN had been testing the LHC on November 1, after it was out of action for more than a year, following a previous power failure.

It is also true CERN had to postpone the test runs of the LHC on November 2, 2009, after the bird dropped bread into an external electricity supply cutting power to the machine, as announced in a press release some days later.

There are also reports online that flight A7-301 ended up at Santa Cruz, in Tenerife, instead of the same in Bolivia, with 170 passengers on board, with no explanation initially given.

https://www.express.co.uk/news/weird/696186/Did-Large-Hadron-Collider-create-TIME-TRAVEL-Machine-shut-down-after-plane-vanishes

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De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 30/09/2024 03:13

How LHC Can Be The First Time Machine?

According to Researchers, CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) can possibly turn out to be a first time machine. The Large Hadron Collider is the world’s largest and the most powerful particle accelerator. Being the most powerful particle collider, it is the most complex experimental facility ever built and the largest single machine in the world.

Purpose of LHC 

The Large Hadron Collider was built to replicate the conditions at the big bang, and answer humanity’s most basic questions — what are we made of and how did we come to exist? Scientists are still working on that, but have stumbled across something that promises to be even more exciting: The possibility of time travel and the time machine.

Time Machine and LHCImage: CERN

As per the theory of Physicists Thomas Weiler and Chui Man Ho, the Large Hadron Collider– the world’s largest atom smasher, could be the first time machine capable of causing matter to travel backward in time.

 

“Our theory is a long shot, but it doesn’t violate any laws of physics or experimental constraints.”

– Professor Thomas Weiler 

The Higgs Boson

One of the major goals of the collider was to find the elusive Higgs Boson: The God Particle that physicists invoke to explain why particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons have mass. It is known to be what caused the Big Bang billions of years ago. Higgs Boson is the particle that gives mass to the matter. Earlier it was just a theory but now, The God Particle actually exists. Researchers claimed that if the collider succeeds in producing the Higgs Boson, it is predicted that it will create a second particle, called the Higgs singlet, at the same time.

Also Watch: A simple explanation to what is Higgs boson

The Idea of Time Travel

According to Weiler and Ho’s theory, these singlets should have the ability to jump into an extra, fifth dimension where they can move either forward or backward in time and reappear in the future or past. The singlet is just a technical term used for a particle that doesn’t interact with the matter in the way we knew until today.

 
Time machine

Wait, the fifth dimension? How many dimensions are there?

According to M-theory, or the so-called “theory of everything,” there are as many as 11 dimensions, of which our universe uses only four, time being the fourth one. But the Higgs singlet, if it exists, is theoretically not restrained by the basic laws of physics that govern our universe.

Scientists believe that if this atom smasher can create the Higgs Boson and it gives mass to the matter produced by the atom smasher, then The Higgs Singlet (this matter with mass) will be able to travel through space and time. The Higgs Singlet can travel to other dimensions and then come back to our dimension. By traveling through the hidden dimension, Higgs singlets could re-enter our dimensions at a point forward or backward in time from when they exited.

 

“One of the attractive things about this approach to time travel is that it avoids all the big paradoxes. Because time travel is limited to these special particles, it is not possible for a man to travel back in time and murder one of his parents before he himself is born, for example. However, if scientists could control the production of Higgs singlets, they might be able to send messages to the past or future.”

– Professor Thomas Weiler

So with the discovery of the God particle, time travel will not just be possible but will be in our reach too and won’t just stay in theories. Researchers claim that this study does not deal with sending humans into the past but sending information backward or forward in time using Higgs Singlet.

So What Next?

Scientists want to see if monitoring the Hadron Collider, would result in the sighting of Higgs Singlet particles and its product, Higgs boson, appearing. If this succeeds, they will be able to send the particles produced back in time and make them appear before their collision. That is how the LHC can act as a potential time machine. Something mind-boggling right? Well, it has to be.

This article was written by Rishika Dange, an aerospace engineering student from Alliance University, Bangalore, India.

https://www.secretsofuniverse.in/first-time-machine-the-lhc/

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De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 30/09/2024 03:21
CERN backs new 62 mile £19 BILLION particle accelerator | Daily Mail Online

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De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 30/09/2024 03:23
Just one more bro! : r/IsaacArthur

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De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 30/09/2024 12:48

El misterioso viaje de Eva Perón y el tesoro de los nazis

Evita Perón y los nazis. Miles de judíos asesinados y expoliados. Un tesoro, un viaje misterioso, una fortuna escondida en un banco de Suiza. No falta un solo ingrediente para que triunfe la leyenda.

El misterioso viaje de Eva Perón y el tesoro de los nazisEl misterioso viaje de Eva Perón y el tesoro de los nazislarazon

El general Perón y su esposa, Evita, tenían en los fondos de un banco de Suiza una considerable fortuna en joyas, cuadros y diversos objetos de valor. Provenía de familias ricas judías asesinadas en campos de concentración y había estado «a buen recaudo» en las mansiones de siete de las más adineradas familias de Europa. Tras la caída del régimen nazi estos objetos se habían convertido en una peligrosa prueba de cargo, por lo que estos ricos entre los ricos decidieron donárselos a Perón como premio al apoyo que había dado a los dirigentes nazis.Aunque el tesoro estuviese bien protegido, nunca está de más supervisarlo de primera mano y comprobar que cada una de las piezas está donde debería estar. Para eso viajó Eva Perón a Suiza en 1947, en una misión internacional con una confusa finalidad oficial y envuelta en algún que otro incidente.Esta es la teoría, a mitad de camino entre la leyenda urbana y la investigación periodística, que ha resucitado un libro en Argentina («El heredero del General. La desconocida historia de Mario Rotundo», de Miguel Prenz), y que, como siempre, ha traído la controversia.Adolf Eichmann o Josef MengeleEl misterioso viaje de la segunda esposa de Perón está lleno de interrogantes, como lo están todos aquellos que sobrevolaron alrededor del patrimonio de los Perón. El primero de ellos es el propio Mario Rotundo, presidente de la fundación por la paz y la amistad de los pueblos, y a quien Juan Domingo Perón legó todos sus bienes. ¿Por qué lo hizo? Nadie ha conseguido hasta ahora aportar una respuesta convincente.En alguna ocasión, Perón habló del «origen japonés y alemán» de los bienes que el gobierno argentino se había apropiado. Durante años las asociaciones judías han seguido la pista de este dinero, de procedencia judía, y han denunciado que el gobierno peronista ayudó a escapar y escondió en suelo argentino a algunos de los jerarcas más sanguinarios del nazismo, como Adolf Eichmann o Josef Mengele.El botín nazi en ArgentinaEl preciado tesoro desaparecido de la Alemania perdedora estaba compuesto por infinidad de lingotes de oro en los que los nazis habían fundido las joyas y objetos que habían ido robando casa a casa, familia a familia, judío a judío. Había además cuadros, objetos preciosos y esculturas que habían ido catalogando y repartiendo. Una parte de ese botín pudo haber acabado en Argentina, como premio a tan entregado gobierno. La otra, en los fondos de un banco suizo.La pista suiza de Eva Perón ya ha sido abordada anteriormente, entre otros por varios reportajes de la televisión helvética y por los medios de comunicación argentinos, aunque aún hay muchas incógnitas por resolver. Uno de los supervivientes del campo de concentración de Dachau, José Jakunovich, desveló al diario La Nación que «en el libro sobre el juicio de Nuremberg hay un documento importantísimo. Es una carta de un jerarca nazi a otro, escrita antes del fin de la guerra, y en la que le dice: "Perón tiene una amiga que nos va a ser de gran utilidad. Se llama Eva". Ella todavía no se había convertido en su esposa».

https://www.larazon.es/historico/5197-el-misterioso-viaje-de-eva-peron-y-el-tesoro-de-los-nazis-GLLA_RAZON_396174/


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