The cathedral was built under the direction of Lawrence Scanlan, the first bishop of Salt Lake City, who dedicated it to St. Mary Magdalene.[2] It was designed by architects Carl M. Neuhausen and Bernard O. Mecklenburg. The exterior is predominantly a Neo-Romanesque design, while the inside displays more Neo-Gothic details. Construction began in 1900 and was completed in 1909. It was dedicated by James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore.
It is theorized that Bishop Scanlan chose Mary Magdalene as the patron saint of the Diocese of Salt Lake because her feast day is on July 22, two days before Pioneer Day, a celebration commemorating the arrival of the Mormon pioneers in Salt Lake Valley, so that Catholics would have something to celebrate alongside the region's dominant faith.[3]
The interior of the cathedral was created under the direction of Joseph S. Glass, the second bishop of Salt Lake. Bishop Glass enlisted John Theodore Comes, one of the preeminent architects in the country, to decorate the interior of the cathedral. His plans for the interior were largely based upon the Spanish Gothic style. The colorful murals and polychrome were added at this time, as were the ornate shrines. In 1916, Bishop Glass also changed the name of the cathedral to the French spelling after visiting her purported tomb.[2]
In the 1970s, the exterior of the building was restored, and between 1991 and 1993, the interior of the cathedral was renovated and restored under Bishop William K. Weigand. This included not only the removal of dust and dirt and restoration of the interior but also changes to the liturgical elements of the cathedral to bring them into conformity with certain widespread changes in liturgical practice that developed after the Second Vatican Council.
This included constructing a new altar, moving the cathedra, creating a separate chapel for the Blessed Sacrament, and adding an ample baptismal font. The Blessed Sacrament Chapel also contains the tomb of Bishop Scanlan.[4] Resting atop the tomb is a case containing a small relic of Saint Mary Magdalene. The cathedral in Salt Lake City and the Basilica of Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume in France are the only cathedrals in the world holding first-class relics of the saint and are named in her honor.[5] The major restoration of the interior of the cathedral was accomplished through the vision of Monsignor M. Francis Mannion.[6]
The cathedral is home to the only co-educational Catholic Choir School in the United States. The Madeleine Choir School, established in 1996, now serves over 400 students in Pre-Kindergarten through Grade Eight.[7] The Cathedral Choir has recorded several CDs and routinely tours both nationally and internationally. In addition to singing daily services at the Cathedral of the Madeleine, choristers have sung at St. Peter's Basilica (Vatican City), Notre Dame de Paris (France), and in churches across the United States of America, Spain, Italy, France, Belgium, and Germany, among other places.[8]
Composer Amédée Tremblay notably served as the church's organist from 1920 to 1925.[9]
In the spring of 1944, the town of La Madeleine was occupied by the 3rd company of the Grenadier-Regiment 919 (709. Infanterie Division), commanded by the Oberleutnant Matz. The village houses the Wn 7 strongpoint (also known as Wn 105), which consists of several machine guns positions and houses Oberleutnant Matz command post. In 1944, La Madeleine is located on the only road parallel to the beach and is the link between two departmental roads (D67 and D913).
On the beach, at the place called La Grande Dune, the Germans installed the strongpoint Wn 5 (also known as Wn 104). The latter is placed under the authority of the Leutnant Yahnke belonging also to the 3rd company of Grenadier-Regiment 919. This strongpoint defends the access to the road leading to the village of Sainte-Marie-du-Mont. Protected by an anti-tank wall on which is constructed a casemate for 50 mm gun, the Wn 5 consists of two other 50 mm guns, a 47 mm anti-tank gun, a French tank turret FT 17 of 37 mm, For 50 mm mortar, three machine-gun burials and numerous shelters and ammunition bunkers. The entire site is protected by an extensive network of mines and barbed wire.
To the south of La Madeleine, behind the Wn 5, the Germans built another strongpoint, coded Wn 4 (also known as Wn 103) but which was not operational at the time of the landing. However, the Germans use it to protect themselves during the Allied bombing.
According to plans originally planned, the Allies plan to land their troops north-east of La Madeleine, on the area called “Utah Beach”. Utah beach is divided into two sub-sectors: “Tare Green” to the north and “Uncle Red” to the south. But on June 6, 1944, strong currents deviated the boats 2,500 meters to the south. On D-Day, the Americans land east of La Madeleine, opposite Wn 5. Their right flank faces the axis of the 913 departmental road. The first wave reaching Normandy at 6:30 am consists of 20 landing craft carrying the first elements of the 8th Infantry Regiment commanded by Colonel Francis F. Fainter. Companies B and C land on Tare Green, companies E and F on Uncle Red. Ten minutes later, amphibious tanks of the 70th Tank Battalion (4th Infantry Division), led by Lieutenant-Colonel John C. Welborn, landed to destroy the resistance points along the beach. The C Company of the 8th Infantry Regiment commanded by Captain Robert Crisson mounted the assault of Wn 5 and took it without difficulty. The engineers of the 1st Engineer Special Brigade under the orders of General James E. Wharton immediately set to work to clear the beach obstacles, thus facilitating the continuation of the landing operations.
B Company of the 8th Infantry Regiment, commanded by Lieutenant Gail Lee, crosses the anti-tank wall and the dunes at 9 o’clock and heads inland for the German positions at Wn 7. The US soldiers are supported by the 70th Tank Battalion tanks commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel John C. Welborn. However, the aerial bombardments and shots of the Allied navy deeply disorganized the opposing defense and the men of the Oberleutnant Matz are not able to offer special resistance.
The Americans seized La Madeleine in the middle of the morning and then moved inland.
US 90th Infantry Division Monument, 2 Utah Beach, 50480 Sainte-Marie-du-Mont
Located outside the Utah Beach Landing Museum. Plenty of car parking nearby.
The 'Tough Ombres'.
Activated as a division during the First World War, the US 90th Infantry Division were also known as the Texas-Oklahoma Division and their insignia patch is a combined 'T' and an 'O' letters.
One of the most distinguished units of WW2, the first elements landed at this location on Utah Beach on June 6, 1944 and we involved in the heavy fighting to secure the bridges over the Merderet and Douvres rivers and Hill 112, suffering around 5,000 killed, wounded, or captured - one of the highest casualty rates suffered by any division during WW2. The 90th made their way through northern France to the Ardennes, and into Germany where they liberated the Flossenburg Concentration Camp.
Gallery
US 90th Infantry Division Monument. Copyright Norm
US 90th Infantry Division Monument, 2 Utah Beach, 50480 Sainte-Marie-du-Mont
Located outside the Utah Beach Landing Museum. Plenty of car parking nearby.
The 'Tough Ombres'.
Activated as a division during the First World War, the US 90th Infantry Division were also known as the Texas-Oklahoma Division and their insignia patch is a combined 'T' and an 'O' letters.
One of the most distinguished units of WW2, the first elements landed at this location on Utah Beach on June 6, 1944 and we involved in the heavy fighting to secure the bridges over the Merderet and Douvres rivers and Hill 112, suffering around 5,000 killed, wounded, or captured - one of the highest casualty rates suffered by any division during WW2. The 90th made their way through northern France to the Ardennes, and into Germany where they liberated the Flossenburg Concentration Camp.
Gallery
US 90th Infantry Division Monument. Copyright Norm
Madeleine Albright: First Woman Secretary of State
February 26, 2023
"I, Madeleine Albright, do solemnly swear that I will support and defend the Constitute of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take the obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter. So help me God."
With those words, Madeleine Albright, an immigrant, became the 64th U.S. Secretary of State, the first time in American history a woman would head the State Department. She would be charged with working with then President Bill Clinton and other government officials to plan the way the United States acts and communicates with other nations, its foreign policy.
The first Secretary of State was Thomas Jefferson, appointed by President George Washington in 1789. The Secretary of State is the fourth in order of succession to the presidency after the vice president, the speaker of the House, and the president pro tempore. Because she was not born in the U.S., Madeleine Albright was not eligible to become president.
The journey to her confirmation as Secretary of States spanned two continents and 20 years of government service. She earned a master's degree and a Ph.D. in public law and government, served as professor of foreign policy before being appointed American ambassador to the U.N.
Madeleine Albright was born Marie Jana Korbelova in Prague, Czechoslovakia on May 15, 1937, the oldest of three children of Josef and Anna (Speeglova) Korbel.
Her father, Josef, was a diplomat with the Czechoslovakian government before the outbreak of World War II. When he was just five years old, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to Austro-Hungarian throne and his wife Sophie, the Duchess of Hohenberg, were assassinated by Gavrilo Princip. This sets off a series of cascading declarations that lead to World War I, which ended up in the death of more than 8.5 million soldiers, and as many as 12.5 million civilians in the four years of battle. At the age of 9, he was living in a free country for the first time.
Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defenses of peace must be constructed.
Struggles which shaped Czechoslovakia include Hitler and the Nazi party taking control of Germany in 1933. In 1938, Britain, Italy and France made a treaty, the Munich Agreement, which allowed Germany to occupy a Czech territory in which more than half of the population was German. This granted Germany 38% of Czechoslovakia's land.
Madeleine Albright was two at the time and living in Belgrade. Hitler soon took complete control of the country. German tanks rolled into Prague on March 15, 1939. Targeted by the Gestapo, the family went into hiding before finally granted permission to leave the country.
The Korbels arrived in New York in late 1948.
Albright first became involved in politics while campaigning for Edmund Muskie during his 1968 run for presidency. She lived foreign policy as a refugee from oppression, studied and taught it as a professor, nurtured its development as an advisor to politicians and diplomats.
Her job at the United Nations, the term coined by Franklin D. Roosevelt, originated after World War II, when nations of the world had a strong desire to never again engage in a war of such proportions.
Among the United Nations’ pledges are to "save humanity from the scourge of war," "protect human right and the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small," "promote justice and respect for international law," and "promote social progress, better standards of life, and freedom."
Before her confirmation hearing as U.S. representative to the U.N. on January 21, 1993... Albright admitted in her opening statement that while the United Nations is important, it also has many problems. "The United Nations remains bogged down by an unwieldly and inefficiently administered staff, overlapping responsibilities, and a financial crisis."
Under President Bill Clinton, she became the country’s representative to the United Nations (1993-97) and secretary of state (1997-2001), making her the highest-ranking woman in the history of American government at the time.
In 2001, she founded what is now the Albright Stonebridge Group, an international consulting firm, and in 2005 the Albright Capital Management, focusing on emerging markets.
Madeleine Albright, a champion of women’s rights internationally and a vocal advocate for Democratic women in U.S. politics, died March 23, 2022 at the age of 84.
"My most joyful experience was marriage and raising a family. My most painful was divorce and finding a way to move on and up. The most riveting was learning about my Jewish heritage. The saddest was discovering that my grandparents died in concentration camps."
You know, they say in foreign policy business that we aren't to let ourselves be influenced by emotions, but how can forget that murdered children are not emotions, but that they are human beings whose potential contributions are forever lost.
Like this post? Stop by and read “Francis Perkins: The First Woman to Sit in the Cabinet of the United States.” Frances Perkins was the secretary of labor under President Franklin Roosevelt, the first female cabinet secretary, the longest serving secretary of labor and one of the architects of Roosevelt’s New Deal economic policies.
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1/8th Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Division
3./Grenadier-Regiment 919, 709. Infanterie Division
