Gingival retraction methods - mechanical, chemical, laser and surgical - each have their own unique advantages and limitations. The choice of method depends on the clinical situation, patient preference and the experience of the dentist. Mechanical Retraction This is the most commonly used method of gingival retraction, using a retraction cord or band to physically move the gingival tissue away from the tooth. You can read about this in the article - https://villagedentalmedicine.com/gingival-retraction-in-dentistry-when-is-it-necessary/. Physically moving the gingival tissue provides excellent access to the tooth margins and subgingival areas, making it ideal for impression taking and preparation for prosthetics.

The insertion of a retraction cord may cause discomfort or mild pain, especially if performed without adequate anesthesia. However, it is generally well tolerated with local anesthesia.

Chemical retraction involves the application of chemical agents such as gels, pastes, or solutions that temporarily displace the gingival tissue, causing localized tissue contraction or hardening.