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The origin of the symbolism for the constellation Leo was the Nile at that time of year where the lions gathered.  Lions gathered at the Nile River in Uganda. "Many civilizations over thousands of years have portrayed the constellation of Leo as a lion. One theory is that the Sun was among its stars in Midsummer, during which time the lions of the Egyptian desert left their accustomed haunts for the banks of the Nile, where they could find relief from the heat in the waters of the inundation. Pliny the Elder wrote that the Egyptians worshipped the stars of Leo because the rise of their great river coincided with the Sun entering among them. The constellation is referred to in an inscription on the walls of the Ramesseum at Thebes, which, like the Nile temples generally, was adorned with the animal's bristles. On the planisphere of Dendera, its figure is shown standing on an outstretched serpent. The Egyptian stellar Lion, however, comprised only a part of the modern constellation, and in the earliest records some of its stars were shown as a knife, whereas they now are as a sickle. Kircher gave its title there as Πιμεντεκεων."  The corn carvings of Rosslyn Chapel 50 years before the official discovery of America by Columbus.  The Rosslyn carvings show groups of 4 cobs of corn. Display of blue, white, yellow, and red corn.
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PRIMAVERA, VERANO, OTOÑO E INVIERNO (PACTO DE NOE)
This again explains why "Fish symbology" which runs so characteristically through the entire Gospel story (miracles of the fishes, call of fishermen, fishers of men, etc.) and why Christ's disciples were largely fishermen. The Sun had entered the Constellation of Pisces and it was time for a new "interpretation" of God and His "Karst" and we have it in the Christ of Christianity and its emphasis upon Christ's followers being fishermen and "fishers of men". It is written that the Christ performed the miracles with fishes and sent his apostles out after his death under the leadership of St. Peter with the injunction to be fishers of men. It is for this reason that the mitre (hat) which the Pope wears is the mouth of the fish.
Now, according to Astronomy mankind is currently transiting into the sign of Aquarius, the sign of the water-carrier, the sign of universality, for water is a universal symbol. It is recorded for us in the New Testament that prior to his death Christ sent his disciples out to find the "water-bearer" who led them to an upper room where the communion service was instituted. All this was in the text is the recognition by the Christ (personified as the Sun) of the coming New Age which would succeed his dispensation and into which we are at this time entering. Leonardo da Vinci's great picture of the communion in the upper room is the great symbol of the Aquarian age, for we shall sit down together under the loving direction of Christ (the vehicle and agent (Logos) of Revelation of God to mankind) when brotherhood will be established and men will be banded together in the bonds of divine relationship. The old barriers between man and man and nation and nation will, during the next 2,160 years slowly disappear. Ironically this picture was known by the Ancients to have astrological connections as it represented again the Sun and the Zodiac "personified". Take a close look at the picture and how it has been divided by modern scholarship who is aware of its Astronomical Symbolism: 4 groupings of 3 disciples corresponding to the 2 Equinoxes and 2 Solstices, each containing groups of 3 reflective of the months in each time period separating the Equinoxes and Solstices.
Answer for yourself: Is this another coincidence?
These "Spiritual concepts" have been with mankind since the beginning of time and this explains why in the worlds' religions we find unbelievable "common themes" and "overlap" of these "Celestial beliefs" at the heart of these various religions. And we should since mankind all sees the same things in the Sky and God's Heaven.
Understanding the above then we should know that regardless of attempts to make Mithraism the plagiarist of Christianity, the fact will remain that Mithraism originated long before Christianity and was well established decades before Christianity had any significant influence. If Christian apologists will not yield to the well-attested assertion that Christianity "borrowed" from Mithraism in specific, they simply cannot deny that both copied from Paganism in general, from one or more of the numerous religions, cults and mysteries of the pre-Christian world. Hence, the effect is the same: Christianity took its "godman" and religious beliefs and religious tenets attached to him from prior Nations and their understanding of the Precession of the Equinoxes as it was later "personified" and "allegorized"!
Answer for yourself: So why again is this important to know? The Ancients understood that the Creator was responsible for His Heavens and the orbs within them and was equally responsible for their movements. In these movements of the orbs of Heaven the Ancients saw and heard a message from God and interpreted what they saw "allegorically" and understood this as the very voice of God to them as He wrote upon the blackboard of the Sky principles and concepts that had an undercurrent or "Spiritual Nature" for mankind. These we already saw are called the "Doctrine of Christ". As man witnessed and pondered these movements in the Heavens and the Zodiac over time they developed myths and legends of "personified characters", or sungods, that captured these deeper Spiritual Truths that they came to understand from the movement of God's Sun and stars in the Heavens. In time they came to make parallels to these same Eternal and Divine Concepts in the Heavens with the same concepts that operated in Mother Nature around them as well. God was speaking from Heaven the same message that Ancient mankind came to hear around them in Mother Nature: So Above, So Below! It is for us to understand this "message" today if we ever hope to separate out the truth of God's message to mankind from the blurred echoes shouting from man's competing and conflicting religions today.
I guess it is time for a quick review.
Answer for yourself: And what is God teaching from Heaven again as seen from the observation of the path of the Sun through the Zodiac along with the ordered "cycles" and "patterns" in Heaven which were later handed down through the myths and legends of the "sungods" like Osiris, Horus, Dionysus, Mithra, Attis, and yes, even Jesus?
From Capricorn we learn that God is teaching through the Winter Solstice that all mankind the necessity of a "2nd birth" or a "new birth", a 2nd birth that is symbolized by immersion in water accompanied with repentance which is the fruit of the eternal tension between "light" and "darkness" and their fight for mastery over all existence. As the Sun rises from the greatest darkness at the Winter Solstice so is the Soul of man to rise daily in Spiritual light throughout our lives whereby we reflect the light of God and His image which is symbolized by the moon which has no light in it but that which is reflected from the light of God (the symbolic Sun). From Aquarius we realize that this "new birth" is realized through the mikvah where as the Rabbis teach man "receives the Soul that comes down from Heaven". This is symbolic language for the "Descent of the Soul" into matter where the Divine becomes flesh and tabernacles within mankind as the zenith of His creation. Being "born again" we are to "increase" and out birth nature "decrease" which is the message of Aquarius and this is effected through the doctrine of repentance unto good works. We learn that for this to happen in our lives our "Inner Man" must be nourished as is our "natural man" and this requires we eat the "Bread of God", the "Word that comes down from Heaven". We learn from Pisces that within mankind are "two natures" as we find in the "two fish" and making an intersection in the Sky we likewise come to see that within us these "natures" merge and dominance is dependant upon which we feed. Thus the symbolism in the "feeding miracles" of the Christ where all mankind, both Jews and non-Jews, are to be fed this "Bread" from Heaven symbolized in the miracle. Until we feed ourselves we will not be able to "feed others" and realize our potential and goal to be "fishers of men" whereby we share freely with them the real Message of God. From Aries we learn as the Sun moves higher and higher toward God that we all are to be the "Lamb of God" and become "living sacrifices". This, exampled at the Spring Equinox, is realized at the Vernal Equinox whereby we celebrate the "new birth" and let our lives be examples of the harmony manifested in Aries whereby through our good works and fruitfulness we manifest to all humanity that we have realized within us "life from the dead" for truly this is the harvest of God. It is through our good works in obedience to the Laws and Commandments of God which frame our Covenant with God that we achieve the purpose of being a living sacrifice; namely, atonement for our sins which is the purpose of realizing in our lives that we become the "lamb of God". Judaism, unlike Christianity, teaches that man can make himself acceptable to God through repentance and good works thereby effecting atonement for his sins. Unlike today it originally was at this time of the year, both physically and spiritually, that atonement was once connected with the "Passover" at the Vernal Equinox. Through the later efforts of Ezekiel this theme of "atonement" would be separated from the historical event of thekilling of the Egyptian Messiah who was killed and hung on a tree at the eve of the Passover in Egypt around 1,350 B.C.E. (the Pharaoh Tutankamun, the son of Moses) to the fall of the year as we find today at Yom Kippur but as I said that was not always the case.
It is my personal belief as an "ex-Pastor" of the Christian faith that it is the responsibility of all enlightened Children of God to reach all mankind with the true message of God as we become fishers of men, live a life of order that reflects "Ma'at" or the Divine Order in Heaven and the Cosmos as well as Mother Nature. This Divine Order is achieved through obedience to the Laws of God as taught in Egypt in the "42 Negative Confessions" and which later the Jewish religion calls their Torah. Within these laws we find the Covenant of God with the non-Jew and the 66 Laws of Noah which frame his Covenant with God.
This is the message that God has consistently spoken to mankind from Heaven since the creation of the Universe. Man is to reflect this Cosmic Order of Heaven by following and implementing the same Divine Patterns and Cycles that operate "Above" and bring them into being "Below". So Above, So Below!
Answer for yourself: And how is this done? It is accomplished by man submitting to and emulating these Divine Patters "Above" and manifesting them "Below" in this world through submission to God's Laws and Commadments, living out these Laws through the doing of good works and deeds, whereby our actions literally bring Heaven down to Earth: So Above, So Below!
Now let us go on discussing the associated Doctrine of Christ concerning "sacrifice". As mentioned above central to the message of God in both Aries and Taurus is the theme of "sacrifice". Let me explain and in doing so we need a little more Astronomy.
Answer for yourself: Where did this sacrifice originally take place which was a "pattern" for mankind? Could it have been in Space and in God's Heaven and can we find the very first "crucifixion" taking place in Heaven and not on earth as we have assumed? Now here comes the astronomy.
Viewed from the earth, the universe of stars seemed to the ancients to be attached to the great "celestial sphere" which had the earth as its center. The "celestial equator" is the projection of the earth's equator upon the inside of the sphere. The circle of the ecliptic is the path which the Sun appears to follow against the background of "fixed stars." The intersection of the "celestial equator" and the plane of the "ecliptic" forms a "X" or a "Cross in the Heavens" as projected upon the Celestial Sphere. This "Cross in the Heavens" is a mark in the Heavens which the Sun just so happens to move over twice a day; at the Vernal Equinox and the Autumn Equinox. Of course it is at the Vernal Equinox when the "Earth awakens from the dead of Winter" that is most prominent for the Sun was believed to be "on the Cross" at this time and in awakening the Earth once again from her death at the Winter Solstice the Sun "died on the Cross" as it "poured out His live for mankind" so that might be "saved" and have "life abundantly". Surely this sounds familiar, especially if you are a Christian.
The Zodiac is a belt of Sky, extending 9 degrees above and below the ecliptic, which can be divided into twelve zones of equal size, each characterized by the presence of a particularly prominent constellation. The moon and visible planets all appear to move within the confines of the zodiacal belt. The Zodiac is the band of 12 constellations that lie on the ecliptic. The mythological origins of the zodiac constellations and the glyphs that represent them hark back to the beginnings of human culture. They might have first been grouped together as the constellations through which the Sun and Moon appeared to move. For this reason they were originally called houses or Lunar Mansions. The equinoctial points are two places where the Earth's equator intersects the ecliptic, at an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees. The first sign of the Zodiac is, by definition, the constellation that appears behind the Sun on the March or Vernal equinox. Two thousand years ago this constellation was Aries and it was designated the First House of the Zodiac. Now as you can see in a Planisphere the Equinox falls at the end of Pisces or beginning of Aquarius. This is the reason why the dates of the signs of the Zodiac no longer correspond to constellations of that name. But understand the religious dogmas and doctrines created thousands of years ago from man's scrutiny of the Cosmos corresponding to the Sun and the Zodiac in the Ages of Taurus, Aries, and Pisces are with us today (selah) and are the backbone of major world religions as well today.
Around 128 B.C.E., Hipparchus of Rhodes discovered that the position of the Equinoxes was not constant but honestly that was known as far back at Ancient Egypt. He determined that the Vernal (spring) Equinox had once been in the constellation Taurus but had, by his day, moved ("precessed") almost all the way through the constellation of Aries. At the beginning of the Christian era, the Vernal Equinox moved into Pisces.
Answer for yourself: What should we have realized from this above statement? That in every Age there has been a new revelation and message for God and each Age expressed this new and evolving message from God as a "new religion" of sorts. For example in the Age of Taurus we find the great Egyptian religion which was followed in the Age of Aries with the religion of Judaism and which again was followed in the Age of Pisces by the religion of Christianity.
Answer for yourself: Is this a coincidence?
Each new Age has a new revelation of God or should I say a "new religion". We can only wonder at the new religion that will surface with the Age of Aquarius when it arrives.
Because the earth wobbles as it spins on its axis, the north and south poles of its axis do not always point to the same spots on the celestial sphere. As a consequence, the equinoctial points become displaced with respect to the so-called fixed stars - including the stars forming the twelve zodiacal constellations. When Hipparchus discovered that the Vernal Equinox had been displaced from Taurus into Aries, he or some of his disciples felt that they had detected the labor of a hitherto unknown god (even he knew the Creator was moving the Heavens and it was His doing). Many Greeks felt that each natural phenomenon or physical force was actually the working of a particular god (neteru). For Astrological reasons, this new god was identified with the ancient Persian god Mithra. The mystery religion known as Mithraism thus was born. Mithra was installed as a Time-Lord or chronocrat, the god who would rule over the Age or Aeon of Aries after Taurus. Notice if you will the picture of Mithra moving the Zodiac as seen in the wheel around Mithra above.
By the time Hipparchus and his Stoic colleagues understood that the Vernal Equinox had moved from Taurus into Aries, the Equinox was almost out of Aries as well. Very soon it would move into Pisces, and a new Time-Lord would be needed.
Now what is said next is very, very important.
Just as movement of the equinox out of Taurus had been symbolized as the sacrifice of a bull, so too, the movement out the equinox out of Aries would come to be symbolized by the sacrifice of a lamb. Sacrifice would be a theme shared by both the Age or Taurus and the Age of Aries.
Answer for yourself: What should this teach us? It should teach us that central to the Age of Taurus and the Age of Aries as connected to their "religious doctrines" is the idea of "sacrifice"; in particular "sacrifice for sin" and that is what we find.
Answer for yourself: Did this sacrifice of some mythological or allegorical "godman" which was never real actually bring "atonement" to man for his sins? Of course not so we are missing something here that lays hidden in the motif of "sacrifice for sins".
Answer for yourself: What is "this sacrifice" that makes atonement for sin?
We spoke above and in an earlier article of a "living sacrifice" and we found out that this "Heavenly Idea" was understood to apply not to just one person who was believed to be the "only Christ" but to every man, woman, and child born of flesh in God's Cosmos in which "God's Christ" resides.
Col 1:26-27 26 Even the mystery which hath been hid from ages and from generations, but now is made manifest to his saints: 27 To whom God would make known what is the riches of the glory of this mystery among the Gentiles; which is Christ in you, the hope of glory: (KJV)
Gal 4:19 19 My little children, of whom I travail in birth again until Christ be formed in you, (KJV)
Contrary to the misinterpretation in the Age of Pisces of this "Heavenly Doctrine" where this "Christ" is the possession of only one supposed person we find this religious doctrine accurately understood in both the Age of Taurus and the Age of Aries and expressed accurately by both Egyptian religion and Judaism since the beginning of recorded time as it is applied to ever Child of God. God lives within every man, woman, and child as "the Christ" and this has been the understanding of the "Descent of the Soul" into matter since the beginning of time. It is when we come to Roman Christianity that we lose the truth behind this Heavenly Idea of each person being a "living sacrifice" who is able to procure his own atonement of sin. Judaism has taught this and yet teaches this for the last 3,500 years and Egypt since the beginning of recorded history.
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It would be good to go over some basic information regarding the Chronology of the Bible, in the hopes of clarifying this issue. Here is a simple four point statement describing some of these same issues in Biblical Chronology, showing how to explain the data given in Scripture regarding the dating of historical events:
1. From the time of the division of the kingdom after the death of Solomon, the official scribes of the southern kingdom of Judah counted the regnal years of their kings from the month Tishri (September - October), while the scribes of the northern kingdom of Israel apparently reckoned the regnal years of their kings from the month Nisan (March - April). Proof that Tishri reckoning was employed in Judah may be found by comparing II Kings 22:3 with 23:23, where the discovery of the law by Hilkiah and the subsequent Passover in Nisan, which must have occurred several months later, are both dated in the 18th year of Josiah. Although no scriptural evidence is available for the time of the beginning of the regnal year in the northern kingdom of Israel, when a Nisan-to-Nisan regnal year is used for Israel together with a Tishri-to-Tishri year for Judah, the perplexing discrepancies disappear and a harmonious chronological pattern results.
2. The scribes of Israel used the Egyptian nonaccession-year ("postdating") system in reckoning the reigns of their kings from the division of the kingdom down to 798 BC, and the Babylonian accession-year ("antedating") system from that year onward. According to the nonaccession-year system, that portion of a year which followed a king's accession to the throne and which preceded the official New Year (whether Tishri 1 or Nisan 1) was counted as his first official year. But according to the accession-year system, that initial period was called his accession year, and not until after the New Year did his first official year begin. Proof that Israel followed the nonaccession-year system during the 9th century B.C may be found in the fact that Jehu (according to Assyrian records) paid tribute to Shalmanezer III only 12 years after Ahab fought in the Battle of Qarqar, while the scribes of Israel attributed 14 years to the reigns of the two intervening kings, Ahaziah and Joram. On the other hand, the scribes of Judah must have employed the accession-year system for their kings, except during that dark period of their history when the influence of the northern kingdom, through Queen Athaliah, was predominate (848-796 BC); for only by means of this assumption is it possible to harmonize the synchronisms employed by the northern and southern scribes.
3. When the scribes of one kingdom synchronized the reign of their king with the reign of the neighboring king, they employed their own system of reckoning for both kings instead of employing the foreign system for the foreign king.
4. Many of the kings of Judah (and also Jehoash of Israel) associated their sons with them on their thrones during the final years of their reigns, thus necessitating the allowance of considerable overlapping or coregencies.46
Timeline of Evidences Showing Both a Spring and a Fall Calendar
Before we continue with this study, I feel it is important that we summarize and chart out the facts which demonstrate what type of calendar the Israelites used. Yes, we know that according to Exodus 12:1-2 they used a spring-to-spring calendar. And yes, the 1st month of the Hebrew calendar is still the month of Abib, in the spring. However, the evidence of Scripture, history, and Biblical chronology show conclusively that they also employed a fall-to-fall calendar, in which they often started the count of the years from the 7th month, the month of Tishri. Please review this and consider each of these points carefully.
Timeline Showing the Scriptural, Historical and Chronological Evidences
for the Use of Both a Spring and Fall Calendar by Israel
Supports Fall Start of Year |
Supports Spring Start of Year |
Supports Both Spring and Fall Start of Year |
Scripture and/or Historical Reference
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Before the Flood
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Time of Exodus
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During United Monarchy
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Time of Divided Kingdom
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After Babylonian Captivity
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The Post Temple Era
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Genesis 7:11 |
600th year, 2nd Month, 17th day |
This is the first place in Scripture in which a specific date is given. Is this date based upon a Spring or a Fall calendar? |
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Early Jewish Writings, Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book I, Chapter 3, Section 3.
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600th year, 2nd Month, 17th day (Genesis 7:11) |
This historical reference from Josephus clearly shows that the date given in Genesis 7:11 for the time of the flood is for a Tishri (fall) start of the New Year, in the 8th month of the Abib calendar (Marchesuan), which is also the 2nd month of a Tishri calendar. "This calamity happened in the six hundredth year of Noah's government, [age,] in the second month,(14) called by the Macedonians Dius, but by the Hebrews Marchesuan: . . ." Marchesuan is also called Bul (or Cheshvan by modern Jews), roughly equivalent to late October or early November. |
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Please see Frank Humphrey McGill, Ph.D., The Great Flood and Halloween. 1997. |
2320 BCE, 600th year, 2nd Month, 17th day |
Based upon the research of Frank McGill, the flood took place about the same time as the ancient and current practice of "the Day of the Dead" (Halloween). If this is true, then this connection also supports a Tishri calendar during the life of Noah, up to and including the year of the Flood. |
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Canaanite Calendar Exodus 13:4; 23:15; 34:18; Deuteronomy 16:1; 1 Kings 6:37; 1 Kings 8:2; 1 Kings 6:38
S. Langdon, Babylonian Menologies and the Semitic Calendars, p. 24. Zellig Harris, A Grammer of the Phoenician Language, pp. 84, 87, and 98.
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At or Before the Time of the Exodus, Circa 1500 BCE |
The Hebrew calendar was in close alignment with the ancient Canaanite calendar, which is a fall-to-fall calendar. We know that the Hebrew civil calendar was essentially equivalent to the Canaanite calendar because both began in the fall and 3 of the 4 pre-exilic month names mentioned in the TaNaK are also found in Phoenician inscriptions to be Canaanite names of months. Abib, 1st month (Exodus 13:4; 23:15; 34:18; Deuteronomy 16:1). Zif, 2nd month (1 Kings 6:37). Ethanium, 7th month (1 Kings 8:2). Bul, 8th month (1 Kings 6:38).
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Exodus 12:1-2 |
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First Year of Exodus, 1436 BCE |
Yahweh commands that the counting of the months and years should begin in the month of the Exodus (Abib) which may be used to support the idea of a Nisan (spring) start of the New Year. Abib is the Canaanite name, and Nisan is the Babylonian name for the month that is roughly equivalent to our March-April.
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Please see Strong's Hebrew Concordance, reference H945 and H3999. |
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When Moses wrote the Torah, Circa 1400 BCE
Reference the use of mabul in Genesis 6-11, the word for "flood."
600th year, 2nd Month, 17th day
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The Hebrew word for the 8th month of the Jewish religious calendar (the month Bul), means "rain," and a related word mabul means "flood," clearly connecting the flood of Noah with the 8th month of the Jewish religious calendar (which begins the year in Nisan) and the 2nd month of the Jewish civil calendar (which begins the year in Tishri).
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Exodus 23:16, and 34:22 |
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Soon After the Exodus |
Ingathering is said to be at the end of the year, which indicates an agricultural calendar based upon the start and end of the year in the fall.
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1 Kings 6:1; 37-38. Please See The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, by Edwin Thiele, p. 28-29. |
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10th Century BCE, 480 to 487 Years After Exodus |
The first temple is begun in the 2nd month of Solomon's Fourth Year, and is completed in the 8th month of his 11th year. The text says it covers seven years. Chronology of the construction of the first temple indicates this can only involve a fall-to-fall calendar, since a Nisan calendar would require eight years to complete the temple, not seven. 1 Kings 6:38 plainly states that it took seven years to complete the temple (see chart above).
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1001 Questions and Answers on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur by Jeffrey M. Cohen
Albright, "The Gezer Calendar," BASOR, 92 (December, 1943), pp. 16-26.
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10th Century BCE |
A calendar from the tenth century BCE was found at Tel Gezer, which starts with the two months of olive harvest (September, October, November), a clear indication of the use of a fall calendar. This is the famous Gezer calendar, the oldest known Hebrew calendar.47 |
Joel 2:23 |
The "later rain" is said to be in the "first month." In Israel, the "later rain" actually comes in the spring, indicating that Joel is here referencing a calendar that starts in the spring (Abib).
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Circa 8th to 7th century BCE. Sometime Just Prior to the Captivity of Judah |
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II Kings 22:3 and 23:21-23. Please see The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, by Edwin Thiele, p. 29-30. |
Josiah is said to be in his 18th year (2 Kings 22:3). He orders the temple to be repaired, and the High Priest informs the servant of Josiah that he found the Torah scroll. The scroll is read to the king and he realizes that his people have broken the Torah by offering sacrifices to baal, and other abominable things (verse 11). He orders idolatry to be taken away from Jerusalem and later in the other provinces (from Geba to Beersheba). He also commands that the priests of baal should be destroyed, that this reform be carried out in nearby Samaria, and many other things that should be done. In 2 Kings 23:21-22 the king orders the keeping of Passover, and in verse 23 it clearly states that this Passover was kept in the 18th year of Josiah. The chronology of events described in chapters 22 and 23 indicates that all of those things could not possibly have taken place in only two weeks, but in fact several months would have been required. Therefore, the 18th year of Josiah, king of Judah, could not have been calculated based upon a Nisan New Year, but instead by a Tishri New Year.
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7th Century BCE.
The 18th year of Josiah, only a few years before the end of the Kingdom of Judah
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Elephantine Island Papyri. Siegfried H. Horn and Lynn H. Wood, "The Fifth-century Jewish Calendar at Elephantine," Journal of Near Eastern Studies, XIII (1954), p. 1-20. |
The Jews of Elephantine island clearly used the Tishri-to-Tishri fall calendar for establishing dates. It is among these double dated papyri documents (written in Aramaic) that we find that the reigns of the Persian kings were dated according to the Tishri fall-to-fall calendar, instead of a Nisan calendar (the calendar typically used by the Persians). In the Kraeling papyrus number 6 it is dated as the month of Tammuz, in the fourth month of 420 BCE (July). Kraeling papyrus number 7 is dated to Tishri (or October) of that same year, 420 BCE. However, the regnal year of Darius II listed there changes from year three to year four between them. The only way this could have happened is if the Jewish authors of these scrolls were using a Tishri (fall) calendar, instead of a Nisan (spring) calendar. |
5th Century BCE |
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Nehemiah 1:1 and 2:1 |
The 1st chapter of Nehemiah gives us a specific month and year—“Chisleu, in the twentieth year.” The 2nd chapter gives the month of “Nisan, in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes.” It is impossible for Nisan to still be in the 20th year of Artaxerxes if he is using spring-to-spring calculations. This proves that Nehemiah is using a fall-to-fall calendar.
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The 20th year of Artaxerxes (444 BCE) |
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The Book of Enoch, “The Book of the Courses of the Heavenly Luminaries,” ch. LXXII, v. 7-37, translated by R. H. Charles, Hollen Street Press, Ltd, Slough, Great Britain, 1991, pp. 97. |
The Book of Enoch indicates from its reference to "portals" of the course of the sun, that the first month of the year comes in the Spring. "7And in that fourth portal from which the sun rises in the first month are twelve window-openings, from which proceed a flame when they are opened in their season. 8When the sun rises in the heaven, he comes forth through that fourth portal thirty mornings in succession, and sets accurately in the fourth portal in the west of the heaven. 9And during this period the day becomes daily longer and the night nightly shorter to the thirtieth morning."
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The 3rd Century BCE |
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The Book of Jubilees, translated from Ethiopic by George H. Schodde, PH.D, first printed by E. J. Goodrich, Oberlin, OH, 1888, pp. 21-22. |
The Book of Jubilees says that the flood came in the spring and that they celebrated the feast of weeks in the 3rd month. "1And at the new moon of the third month he came out of the ark and built an altar on that hill. 2And he appeared on the earth, and he took a young goat and atoned by its blood for all the guilt of the earth, because every thing that had been on it was destroyed except those that were in the ark with Noah; . . . 14And He gave to Noah and his sons a sign that there should not again be a deluge over the earth; He placed His bow in the clouds as the sign of the eternal covenant that no water of the deluge should again come over the earth to destroy it all the days of the earth. 15On this account it is ordained and written on the tablets of heaven that the celebration of the festival of weeks should be in this month, once a year, for a renewed covenant in each year . . ." Please remember that the Book of Jubilees is a major document among the Qumran literature, as referenced below.
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The 3rd Century BCE |
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The Qumran Community, See J. T. Milik, Ten Years of Discovery in the Wilderness of Judaea (ut supra), p. 109. |
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"in the Qumran literature also, "Rosh ha-Shanah" (New Year's Day) is a title for the feast on Tishri 1." (Calendar and chronology, Jewish and Christian, by Roger T. Beckwith, p. 83.)
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2nd and 3rd Centuries BCE |
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Early Jewish Writings, Philo of Alexandria, The Special Laws - II. |
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Philo of Alexandria speaks of a two calendar system. He clearly states that the autumn equinox could also be considered the start of the first month of the year. According to his statement, the month of Abib (when Passover takes place) is actually the seventh month "according to the revolutions of the sun." In contrast, he states that the month associated with the autumn equinox is the first month according to the "solar orbits," but not according to the Law (that is, the command of Exodus 12).
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Circa 50 CE |
Early Jewish Writings, Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book I, Chapter 3, Section 3. |
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This historical reference from Josephus clearly shows that the date given in Genesis 7:11 for the time of the flood is for a Tishri (fall) start of the New Year, in the 8th month of the Abib calendar (Marchesuan), which is also the 2nd month of a Tishri calendar. "This calamity happened in the six hundredth year of Noah's government, [age,] in the second month,(14) called by the Macedonians Dius, but by the Hebrews Marchesuan: . . . But Moses appointed that · Nisan, . . . should be the first month for their festivals,. . . so that this month began the year as to all the solemnities they observed to the honor of God. . ." In addition to this, his further statement that Moses "preserved the original order of the months" proves that the "original order" (a fall-to-fall calendar) was still in use during his own day.
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Circa 100 CE |
The Mishnah, A New Translation. Edited by Jacob Neusner. Yale University Press: New Haven and London, 1988. ROSH HASHSHANAH 1.1, p. 299. |
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"1:1 A. There are four new years: B. (1) the first day of Nisan is the new year for kings and festivals; C. (2) the first day of Elul is the new year for tithing cattle. D. R. Eleasar and R. Simeon say, “It is on the first day of Tishre.” E. (3) The first day of Tishre is the new year for the reckoning of years, for Sabbatical years, and for Jubilees, F. for planting [trees] and for vegetables. G. (4) The first day of Shebat is the New Year for trees..."
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Circa 200 CE |
The Jewish Vertual Library, Talmud, tractate Rosh Hashana, Chapter 1 |
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"R. Hisda says: The rule of the Mishna—that the year of the kings begins with Nissan—refers to the kings of Israel only, but for the kings of other nations it commences from Tishri."
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Circa 200-500 CE |
Fall Calendar is the Original Creation Calendar
While contemplating the enormous amount of evidence in support of a dual calendar system in Israel, let us consider a statement from another chronologist in regard to the issue of spring verses fall start of the Hebrew calendar. Godfrey Faussett, author of Sacred Chronology, believed that the year originally started in the fall, and says this about the idea of originally starting the year from the spring:
It is worthy of notice too that even in one sacred institution the old order of the year was of necessity maintained; for if the Sabbatical year had commenced otherwise than in the Autumn, the understood relation between the seed not sown and the harvest not reaped, would have been destroyed. The year of Jubile too was proclaimed by the trumpet in the seventh month. However poetical imagination may point to the spring as the infancy of the World; if by spring is meant the vernal equinox, nature herself seems to repudiate an order of things which cuts off the seed time from the harvest. Even the winter solstice falls too late by many weeks for that actual spring, which is properly indicated by the earliest germs of annual vegetation.48
Faussett makes several good points. For instance, he talks about the natural order of the seasons. How can we think of dividing the year between seed time and harvest, when the most natural division of the year would be at the time of the harvest? Yahweh instituted a religious calendar that calculated the years starting in the spring, according to Exodus 12:1-2. And yet this appears to be a special calendar given for a special purpose―as an object lesson concerning the celebration of the life cycle of man.‡ Other than this, logic and nature itself seem to mitigate against the idea of ending and starting the year after the time that the seed has already germinated (the spring equinox), for such a system breaks up the agricultural cycle. The fact that Faussett refers to the "old order of the year," which is also in alignment with what Josephus says when he speaks of this "original order," lends credence to the idea that there is also an agricultural year which naturally starts in the fall.
Through the research of many chronologists, including Faussett, Horn and Thiele, ancient historical testimonies (including Josephus, Philo and the Elephantine Papyri), ancient Jewish Rabbis, and the Scriptures themselves, we can determine conclusively that even as far back as the days of Noah the beginning of the year was in the fall, and was not changed to the spring until the time of Moses—when Yahweh sought to change the focus of his children from the celebration of “death” to the celebration of “life.”‡ In addition, a fall calendar was used in the days of Solomon, and in the days of Josiah (just before the Babylonian captivity). And after the captivity it was used by the Elephantine Jews of 5th century BCE Egypt. It was also used by Ezra and Nehemiah of that same period, as well as the Qumran community two centuries later. Of course, through the Mishnah and the Talmud we learn that the Rabbis of the 2nd to the 5th century CE also followed a fall-to-fall calendar. We cannot say that they only used a fall calendar during the time of the existence of the nation of Israel, for there is also evidence (both Scriptural and historical) for the use of a spring calendar during that time. However, the idea that they only used a spring calendar or that the fall calendar was a later innovation, is proven to be false by the evidence presented in this study. So, while some believe that the original calendar was a spring-to-spring calendar, the Scriptural and historical evidence conclusively supports the fact that the original calendar was a fall-to-fall calendar, that the spring calendar was introduced to Israel at the time of the Exodus, and that both calendars (the spring and the fall calendar) were in continuous use even up to and including the present day. In Judaism today, Rosh Hashanah (meaning "the head of the year") is celebrated on Tishri 1 as the beginning of the Jewish civil year, and it would seem this practice can be documented going back at least 2200 years.49
Another chronologist, Roger Beckwith, in his book Calendar and Chronology, Jewish and Christian, points out that it is not just the opinion of the Rabbis that forms the basis of a fall new year, but historical documentation from a wide assortment of sources both prior to and contemporaneous with the days of Messiah:
The Jews had four new-year days, (M. Rosh ha-Shanah 1:1), but much the most important were Nisan 1, the new year for feasts, etc., and Tishri 1, the new year for sabbatical and jubilee years etc. The former of these is the more prominent in the Old Testament, but the later is also found there, and has lately been the centre of a great deal of attention. It was recognized at Qumran, as well as in mainstream Judaism: in the Qumran literature also, "Rosh ha-Shanah" (New Year's Day) is a title for the feast on Tishri 1.∫ First century evidence for the Tishri New-year is provided by Philo . . . and Josephus . . . and in the rabbinic literature it is attested from the outset.50
It would seem that history and Scripture confirm the use of a Tishri (fall-to-fall) calendar in ancient history, all the way back to the times of Noah (c. 2400 BCE). Now in summary here are some Scripture questions which we should ponder: Why does the 8th Hebrew month Bul mean "rain," and a closely related word mabul mean "flood," unless these are also connected with the flood of Noah (Genesis 7:11) in the 2nd month of a fall calendar? Why would the author of the book of Kings say it took seven years for building the temple, yet it would take eight years based upon a Nisan calendar? How could Josiah still be in his 18th year by the time of Passover using a Nisan calendar (which begins two weeks before Passover), when he was also in his 18th year several months earlier? Why would Nehemiah and the Elephantine Jews (five centuries before the coming of Messiah) use a fall-to-fall calendar to date the reigns of Persian kings, when the Persians themselves would not typically do this? Why would Genesis 7:11 give us a fall calendar date for the time of the flood using a fall-to-fall calendar? Why would Josephus lend support to such a calendar (based on Genesis 7:11) in use prior to the exodus, calling it "the original order"? And finally, why would Moses command that the trumpet of the Jubilee should announce the year of Jubilee (Leviticus 25:8-10) in the month of Tishri, if the Jubilee year did not actually start at that time? Blowing a trumpet to announce something important (like the start of the year of Jubilee), and yet that Jubilee year would have started either six months in the past or six months into the future, does not really make much sense! We could ask other questions as well, but this will be sufficient. The only reasonable explanation to all of these questions is that the original calendar from Creation started in the fall and the Jews still continued to use this Tishri calendar for dating "foreign kings," for "the reckoning of years," and other matters, such as buying and selling and the Sabbatical and Jubilee years. Since we have already clearly established that the Tishri calendar had to have been the original calendar in the time of Noah, it would also (naturally) have to be the calendar used to determine Sabbatical and Jubilee years―since those cycles have also been shown (through the Jubilee Code) to have existed from the time of Creation.
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EL JUBILEO (LIBERACION DE LA ESCLAVITUD) TIENE CONNOTACION CON LA RESURRECCION DE CRISTO (NUMERO 8) EN EL CONTEXTO A SU APARICION POR PRIMERA VEZ A MARIA MAGDALENA
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The crucifixion and resurrection of Christ is perhaps the most important single .... the month of the blowing of the Jubilee, as 27 CE was a Jubilee year and Atonement on ...... Mary Magdalene spoke to him when she went to the tomb on Sunday ...
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www.gospelchapel.com/Devotion/John/38.htm - En caché
That jubilee was that second Sabbath in a row, and it was where there were ... After Christ's resurrection, He honored the first day of the week with His presence. ... appeared first unto Mary Magdalene, out of whom He had cast seven devils.
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www.gospelchapel.com/Devotions/6_98/devotion_6-15-98.html - En caché
The jubilee points to the resurrection of Christ. ... early the first day of the week, he appeared first to Mary Magdalene, out of whom he had cast seven devils.
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Mary Magdalene tries to assure Jesus that "Everything's Alright" while anointing him ..... Also in 1994, a stage version titled Jesus Christ Superstar: A Resurrection was ... was taken to Barbados to celebrate Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee.
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Read Mary Magdalene's story of her encounter with the risen Christ and how she became an evangelist to the apostles! Read the glorious good news about God ...
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Let us meditate upon the resurrection of Christ and discover the pathway of light that ... The Risen Lord Appears to Mary Magdalen, Apostle to the Apostles ..... day of days, To God your hearts and voices raise, In laud and jubilee and praise.
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In fact when he arose he told Mary Magdalene that he had not yet ascended to the ... The Year of Jubilee, the word means to be jubilant or to exult, was the fiftieth .... the second coming of Christ, a bodily resurrection, a reign of Christ on earth, ...
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www.jubilee-resources.com/articles/the-vacant-cross--tomb/ - En caché
"For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our .... spoke with Jesus after the resurrection including Mary Magdalene, Cleopas, ...
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Was Mary Magdalene a prostitute -- or an apostle? ... The Life of Adam and Eve, The Book of Enoch, The Book of Jubilees, The ... decided that a Christian Bible was needed to replace the Hebrew Bible. Church ... roof and then resurrected him.
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stanneschennai.org/newsletter/nsletdnld/20092010/english/march2010.pdf - En caché
marked by charity, chastity and humility in imitation of Christ of whom you ... the prominent role that Mary Magdalene played in the resurrection event of Jesus.
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IMPRESIONANTE CONEXION 11 DE SEPTIEMBRE DEL 2001, 11 DE MARZO DEL 2004 Y 7 DE JULIO DEL 2004 CON EL 22 DE DICIEMBRE DEL 2012
Hay una impresionante interrelacion KAVALISTICA DEL 911 con el SALMO 119 y obviamente con la INDEPENDENCIA DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS. Entre el 11 de Septiembre del 2001 hasta el 11 de Marzo del 2004 tenemos exactamente 911 (anagrama de 119) dias y desde el 11 de Marzo 2004 hasta el 7 de Julio (LONDRES 2004) tenemos nuevamente el numero 119 interrelacionado con los dias. Si sumamos 911+119, osea 1030, tenemos la cantidad de dias en el PERIODO 11/9/2001 hasta el 7/7/2004. Si multiplicamos este ultimo numero por la cifra de 4 tenemos 4120 dias que es la CANTIDAD DE DIAS QUE HAY ENTRE EL 11 DE SEPTIEMBRE DEL 2001 HASTA EL 22/12/2012. AMIGO, KAVALISTICAMENTE, HAY UNA INTERRELACION MATEMATICA, INSISTO, ENTRE EL 911 CON EL FIN DEL CALENDARIO MAYA EN FUNCION AL SALMO 119 MUY INTERRELACIONADO CON LA INDEPENDENCIA DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS, QUE ES EL SALMO MAS LARGO DE LA TORA, EL SALMO DE LA LEY. CUANDO NUESTRO SEÑOR JESUCRISTO EXPRESO EN JUAN 8:32 "QUE LA VERDAD OS HARA LIBRE", JUSTAMENTE ESTABA EXPRESANDO ESTE MISMO SALMO QUE TIENE UN FUERTE NEXO con el NUMERO 8 en funcion a que el mismo esta en funcion a las 22 letras hebrea. ESTE SALMO CONTIENE 22X8=176 VERSICULOS. OBSERVEN LAS MATEMATICAS
8+8=16
88+88=176
888+888=1776
888=GEMATRIA DE JESUS EN GRIEGO
280. Lucas 2:21: Cumplidos los ocho días para circuncidar al niño, le pusieron por nombre JESÚS, el cual le había sido puesto por el ángel antes que fuese concebido.
Jesus 888
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The Greek word ee-ay-sooce' meaning "Jesus" has a gematria value of 888 units. Geometrically, Jesus is represented as a circle with the same circumference as his name.
http://jesus8880.com/chapters/gematria/jesus-888-8880.htm
EL NOMBRE JESUS, EN EL CONTEXTO AL NUMERO 8, es una REFERENCIA A LA CIRCUNCISION DE CRISTO Y UN OBVIO NEXO CON LA RESURRECCION EN SU CONTEXTO A SU PRIMERA APARICION A SU ESPOSA, NUESTRA MADRE, MARIA MAGDALENA. ESE ES EL SECRETO DETRAS DEL DOMINGO CATOLICO (PRIMER Y OCTAVO DIA). EL OCHO TAMBIEN ES UNA REFERENCIA AL JUBILEO (SIETE AÑOS SABATICOS Y EL OCTAVO QUE EN TOTAL TAMBIEN SUMAN OCHO).
LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS, EN EL CONTEXTO A SU INTERRELACION CON EL NUMERO 50, EN FUNCION A LA CANTIDAD DE ESTADOS QUE TIENE e incluso a su fuerte nexo KAVALISTICO CON EL OCHO y con el 119 es ALTAMENTE PROBABLE QUE SE HAYAN INDEPENDIZADO EN JUBILEO. ESTE ES EL SECRETO ESOTERICO DEL PORQUE LOS EEUU SON EL ESTADO QUE TIENE MAS NEXO CON LA LIBERTAD. USTED NAVEGUE EN INTERNET Y NO HAY NACION ADONDE HAYA MAS MATERIAL DE TEOLOGIA RADICAL QUE LOS EEUU, nos guste o no nos guste. LOS YANQUIS TIENEN MUCHOS DEFECTOS PERO NO HAY DUDAS QUE ES EL PAIS ADONDE EXISTE MAS LIBERTAD Y PROSPERIDAD EN EL MUNDO. CREO QUE ES POR ESO EL NEXO TEOLOGICO DEL JUBILEO (LEVITICO 25) CON LA INDEPENDENCIA DE EEUU. EN MATERIAL DEL GRIAL Y POR EJEMPLO Y DEL VERDADERO CALENDARIO LUNI-SOLAR HEBREO, NO HAY MATERIAL FUERA DE LOS YANQUIS. LA POBREZA EN NUESTROS PAISES LATINOAMERICANOS es en parte POR NUESTRA FALTA DE LIBERTAD. VIVIMOS EN EL MEDIO EVO TODAVIA Y ES POR ESO QUE TENEMOS SEÑORES FEUDALES. EL PROBLEMA LATINO ES QUE NOSOTROS MISMOS NO QUEREMOS VIVIR EN LIBERTAD. DEJEMOS DE BUSCAR SIEMPRE CULPABLES EXTERNOS Y EMPEZEMOS A MIRARNOS A NOSOTROS MISMOS. Volviendo con el 911 y su conexion con LONDRES, en contexto al numero 1030, tenemos un NEXO CON EL NUMERO 77 en funcion a la diferencia 180-77=103. La interrelacion WASHINGTON, PENTAGONO CON EL NUMERO 77 ESCONDE SECRETAMENTE ESTE MENSAJE. EL 5 ES EL NUMERO DE LA ALQUIMIA (CUADRATURA DEL CIRCULO=SANTO GRIAL).
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OBSERVEN EL NEXO WEST VIRGINIA, VIRGINIA Y PHILADELPHIA. ESTA TODO CODIFICADO PARA GLORIA DE YHWH TODOPODEROSO. ES OBVIO EL NEXO DE LA VIRGEN CON EL NUMERO DE ORO PHI PARA QUE A USTED NO QUEDE DUDA. YHWH NOS INVITA A SALIR DE BABILONIA(BABY-LON/CONFU-SION)- LON-DON/BABY-LON. BABY TIENE NEXO CON DON/DAN/JUSTICIA/JUICIO EN LA TORA. LA VIUDA PIDE JUSTICIA. YA ES HORA DE QUE LA EMPEZEMOS A RECONOCER. PHILADELPHIA/FILADELFIA TENIA UN FUERTE NEXO EN EGIPTO EN EL CONTEXTO A QUE ESTE TERMINO SIGNIFICA "UTERO DE ISIS". GENESIS TAMBIEN ES GEN DE ISIS. ES UN OBVIO NEXO CON GENESIS 3:15 QUE TODAVIA NO SE CUMPLIO EN SU PLENITUD. LA CONEXION FILADELFIA, EN APOCALIPSIS 3, EN UN CONTEXTO A LAS SIETE IGLESIAS/PLEYADES SON UN OBVIO NEXO CON EL JARDIN DEL EDEN QUE ESTABA EN ANATOLIA/ASIA MENOR/TURQUIA ADONDE ESTUVO CLAVADO EL ARCA DE NOE Y ES ADONDE NACEN JUSTAMENTE EL EUFRATES Y EL TIGRIS, RIOS ADONDE JUSTAMENTE ESTABA UBICADO BABILONIA, ACTUAL IRAK. EN APOCALIPSIS JUSTAMENE SE INTERRELACIONA A FILADELFIA CON LA "LLAVE DE DAVID". EN EL SANTORAL CATOLICO, BETZABE, LA MADRE DE SALOMON Y ESPOSA DE DAVID, EL 4 DE JULIO ES SU DIA. ESTO EXPLICA TAMBIEN INCLUSO EL FUERTE NEXO INDEPENDENCIA DE EEUU CON FILADELFIA/PHILADELPHIA. EL VATICANO MISMO ESTA DISEÑADO EN FUNCION A LA LLAVE DE DAVID E INCLUSO A LAS PLEYADES POR SUS SIETE COLINAS.
EL MENSAJE ES OBVIO, EN TODO ESTE CONTEXTO, QUE LA REFERENCIA ES EL SANTO GRIAL, OSEA EL LINAJE DE NUESTRO SEÑOR JESUCRISTO Y NUESTRA SEÑORA MADRE MARIA MAGDALENA. EN LA RESURRECCION DE NUESTRO SEÑOR, JUSTAMENTE EL MENSAJE EN EL CONTEXTO AL NUMERO 8, ES UN OBVIO NEXO CON EL NUEVO JARDIN DEL EDEN. Esto explica del porque el NEXO DE APOCALIPSIS 1:10 "DIA DEL SEÑOR" con JUAN 20 "RESURRECCION DE CRISTO". ES UN OBVIO NEXO CON EL JUBILEO y es por eso que aparecen las trompetas en APOCALIPSIS 1:10 E incluso con el SALMO 119 CUANDO NUESTRO SEÑOR AFIRMA SER EL ALFA Y EL OMEGA.
Apocalipsis 1:1 La revelación de Jesucristo, que Dios le dio, para manifestar a sus siervos las cosas que deben suceder pronto; y la declaró enviándola por medio de su ángel a su siervo Juan, 1:2 que ha dado testimonio de la palabra de Dios, y del testimonio de Jesucristo, y de todas las cosas que ha visto. 1:3 Bienaventurado el que lee, y los que oyen las palabras de esta profecía, y guardan las cosas en ella escritas; porque el tiempo está cerca. 1:4 Juan, a las siete iglesias que están en Asia: Gracia y paz a vosotros, del que es y que era y que ha de venir, y de los siete espíritus que están delante de su trono; (Siete espiritus son una referencia a las SIETE PALOMAS O PLEYADES/TAURO. UN OBVIO NEXO CON REFERENCIA A MARIA MAGDALENA QUE SIMBOLIZA AL ESPIRITU SANTO. Magdala significa "lugar de las palomas". EL ESPIRITU SANTO ES LA CUALIDAD FEMENINA DE YHWH.) 1:5 y de Jesucristo el testigo fiel, el primogénito de los muertos, y el soberano de los reyes de la tierra. Al que nos amó, y nos lavó de nuestros pecados con su sangre, 1:6 y nos hizo reyes y sacerdotes para Dios, su Padre; a él sea gloria e imperio por los siglos de los siglos. Amén. 1:7 He aquí que viene con las nubes, y todo ojo le verá, y los que le traspasaron; y todos los linajes de la tierra harán lamentación por él. Sí, amén. 1:8 Yo soy el Alfa y la Omega, principio y fin, dice el Señor, el que es y que era y que ha de venir, el Todopoderoso. (El alfa y el omega eran la primera y ultima letras del griego. ES OBVIO EL NEXO AQUI CON EL SALMO 119 EN UN CONTEXTO AL NUMERO 8/RESURRECCION/CIRCUNCISION/PACTO ABRAHAMICO QUE SE CUMPLIO JUSTAMENTE CUANDO CRISTO LE EXPRESO A MARIA MAGDALENA QUE EL IVA A "SU PADRE Y NUESTRO PADRE , SU DIOS Y NUESTRO DIOS") Comparar con GENESIS 17
162. Juan 20:17: Jesús le dijo: No me toques, porque aún no he subido a mi Padre; mas ve a mis hermanos, y diles: Subo a mi Padre y a vuestro Padre, a mi Dios y a VUESTRO DIOS.
80. Génesis 17:7: Y estableceré mi pacto entre mí y ti, y tu descendencia después de ti en sus generaciones, por pacto perpetuo, para ser tu DIOS, y el de tu descendencia después de ti.
81. Génesis 17:8: Y te daré a ti, y a tu descendencia después de ti, la tierra en que moras, toda la tierra de Canaán en heredad perpetua; y seré el DIOS de ellos.
82. Génesis 17:9: Dijo de nuevo DIOS a Abraham: En cuanto a ti, guardarás mi pacto, tú y tu descendencia después de ti por sus generaciones.
83. Génesis 17:15: Dijo también DIOS a Abraham: A Sarai tu mujer no la llamarás Sarai, mas Sara será su nombre.
1:9 Yo Juan, vuestro hermano, y copartícipe vuestro en la tribulación, en el reino y en la paciencia de Jesucristo, estaba en la isla llamada Patmos, por causa de la palabra de Dios y el testimonio de Jesucristo. (En el mismo nombre JUAN/JOHN esta en CLAVE KABALISTICAMENTE EN LA GEMATRIA EN INGLES EL GRIAL Y LA INDEPENDENCIA DE EEUU.) 1:10 Yo estaba en el Espíritu en el día del Señor, y oí detrás de mí una gran voz como de trompeta, (JUBILEO CLARO. COMPARAR CON LEVITICO 25)
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john in Simple Gematria Equals: 47 |
( |
j
10 |
o
15 |
h
8 |
n
14 |
) |
grail in Simple Gematria Equals: 47 |
( |
g
7 |
r
18 |
a
1 |
i
9 |
l
12 |
) |
EN JOHN HAY ALGO CURIOSO. LAS PRIMERAS LETRAS SUMAN 33 y luego con la N se suma 47,
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ESCALERA DE JACOB (ALQUIMIA)=GRIAL
102. Salmos 119:30: Escogí el camino de la VERDAD; He puesto tus juicios delante de mí.
103. Salmos 119:43: No quites de mi boca en ningún tiempo la palabra de VERDAD, Porque en tus juicios espero.
104. Salmos 119:86: Todos tus mandamientos son VERDAD; Sin causa me persiguen; ayúdame.
105. Salmos 119:142: Tu justicia es justicia eterna, Y tu ley la VERDAD.
106. Salmos 119:151: Cercano estás tú, oh Jehová, Y todos tus mandamientos son VERDAD.
107. Salmos 119:160: La suma de tu palabra es VERDAD, Y eterno es todo juicio de tu justicia. Sin
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La conexion 911 con LONDRES, en contexto al NUMERO 8, aparentemente tiene nexo CON LA NACION DE LA REINA DE LOS MARES. UN FUERTE NEXO ESOTERICO CON MARIA MAGDALENA.
LA CONEXION 911, CON EL NUMERO 77 Y EL NUMERO 8, EN CONTEXTO A LONDRES TIENE UN FUERTE NEXO ESOTERICO CON MARIA MAGDALENA Y EL SANTO GRIAL.
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Mount Ararat and surrounding area
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Genesis 8:1 God remembered Noah, all the animals, and all the livestock that were with him in the ship; and God made a wind to pass over the earth. The waters subsided.
Genesis 8:4 The ship rested in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on Ararat's mountains.
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ARARAT
ar'-a-rat ('araraT): A mountainous plateau in western Asia from which flow in different directions the Euphrates, the Tigris, the Aras and the Choruk rivers. Its general elevation is 6,000 feet above the sea. Lake Van, which like the Dead Sea has no outlet, is nearly in its center. The Babylonian name was Urartu, the consonants being the same in both words. In 2 Kings 19:37 and Isaiah 37:38 the word is translated in the King James Version Armenia, which correctly represents the region designated. It was to Armenia that the sons of Sennacherib fled. In Jeremiah 51:27 Ararat is associated with Minni and Ashkenaz, which according to the Assyrian monuments lay just to the east of Armenia. In Genesis 8:4 the ark is said to have rested "upon the mountains of Ararat," i.e. in the mountainous region of Armenia, the plural showing that the mountain peak known as Ararat was not referred to. This peak is of volcanic origin and lies outside the general region, rising from the lowlands of the Araxes (Aras) River to a height of 17,000 feet, supported by another peak seven miles distant, 13,000 feet high. It is only in comparatively modern times that the present name has been given to it. The Armenians still call it Massis, but believe, however, that Noah was buried at Nachitchevan near its base.
The original name of the kingdom occupying Armenia was Bianias, which Ptolemy transliterated Byana. Later the "B" was modified into "V" and we have the modern Van, the present capital of the province. The "mountains of Ararat" on which the ark rested were probably those of the Kurdish range which separates Armenia from Mesopotamia and Kurdistan. In the Babylonian account the place is called "the mountain of Nizir" which is east of Assyria. Likewise Berosus locates the place "in the mountain of the Kordyaeans" or Kurds (Ant., I, iii, 6), while the Syriac version has Hardu in Gen. 8:4 instead of Ararat. The Kurds still regard Jebel Judi, a mountain on the boundary between Armenia and Kurdistan, as the place where the ark rested.
This elevated plateau of Armenia has still many attractions, and is eminently suited to have been the center from which the human race spread in all directions. Notwithstanding its high elevation the region is fertile, furnishing abundant pasture, and producing good crops of wheat and barley, while the vine is indigenous. Moreover there are unmistakable indications that in early historic times there was a much more abundant rainfall in all that region than there is now, so that the climate was then better adapted to the wants of primitive man. This is shown by the elevated beaches surrounding lakes Van, Urumiah, and, indeed, all the lakes of central Asia. Great quantities of mammoth bones have been found in these bordering lacustrine deposits corresponding to those found in the glacial and postglacial deposits of Europe and America. It should, also, be remembered that the drying up of the waters of the flood is represented to have been very gradual-it being 170 days from the time the waters began to subside before Noah could disembark. It may have been many centuries before the present conditions were established, the climate, meanwhile, being modified to a corresponding degree by the proximity of vast surrounding bodies of water.
Armenia abounds in inscriptions carved on the rocks, altar stones and columns, but they have been only imperfectly translated. The script is cuneiform and each letter has only a single phonetic character attached to it. But there are introduced a good many borrowed ideographs which have assisted in the decipherment. According to Sayce this cuneiform syllabary was introduced from Assyria after the conquest of Shalmaneser II in the 9th century B.C.
George Frederick Wright
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Bible Atlas Home
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MIGDAL-GAD Y INTERRELACION CON EL NUMERO 37 (MUY INTERRELACIONADO CON LA INDEPENDENCIA DE EEUU-1776=37X48-GAD/7_4/4_7/CUARTO MANDAMIENTO
Jos 15:37 Zenan, and Hadashah, and Migdalgad, |
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Verse # = 6240 | Words = 4 | Letters = 15 |
Data from Strong's Concordance |
KJV |
Hebrew |
Strong's # |
Value |
Zenan, |
צנן |
H6799 Tsenan |
190 |
and Hadashah, |
חדשה |
H2322 Chadashah |
317 |
and Migdalgad, |
מגדל־גד |
H4028 Migdal-Gad |
84 |
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Gen 8:4 And the ark rested in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, upon the mountains of Ararat. |
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Verse # = 188 | Words = 11 | Letters = 42 |
Data from Strong's Concordance |
KJV |
Hebrew |
Strong's # |
Value |
And the ark |
תבה |
H8392 tebah |
407 |
rested |
נוח |
H5117 nuwach |
64 |
in the seventh |
שביעי |
H7637 shebiy`iy |
392 |
month, |
חדש |
H2320 chodesh |
312 |
on the seventeenth |
עשר |
H6240 `asar |
570 |
(untranslated) |
שבע |
H7651 sheba` |
372 |
day |
יום |
H3117 yowm |
56 |
of the month, |
חדש |
H2320 chodesh |
312 |
upon the mountains |
הר |
H2022 har |
205 |
of Ararat. |
אררט |
H0780 'Ararat |
410 |
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אררט 'Ararat {ar-aw-rat'} of foreign origin; TWOT - 169; n pr loc AV - Ararat 2, Armenia 2; 4 Ararat = "the curse reversed: precipitation of curse" 1) a mountainous region of eastern Armenia, between the river Araxes and the lakes Van and Oroomiah, the site where Noah's ark came to rest 2) (TWOT) the mountain where Noah's ark came to rest
Gematria: 410 |
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Hagamos tres tiendas. La fiesta judía de los Tabernáculos/Sukkot y la Transfiguración cristiana (L. Biolatto)
Ayer escribí una reflexión general sobre el texto de la Transfiguración en Marcos, planteando sólo algunos de sus temas. Me ha contestado desde Córdoba, Argentina Leonardo Biolatto, joven, entusiasta, recordando amigos comunes. Me ha mandado unas páginas hermosas y muy documentadas sobre el fondo judío del relato y del misterio de la Transfiguración, partiendo de las palabras de Pedro: ¡Hagamos tres Tiendas! En el fondo está la Fiesta de Sukkot o de los Tabernáculos, la más gozosa de las fiestas judíos, unida a la experiencia de la peregrinación de la vida y a la esperanza mesiánica. No me ha pedido que os la ofrezca, pero lo hago con toda ilusión, esperando que complete lo que ayer dije. Leonardo (que trabaja en la Comisión Arquidiocesana de los Misioneros de Córdoba) es un muchacho alegre, gozoso de se cristiano. Así os presento su texto. Para quienes quieran saber más, les diré que tiene un blog personal que quiere ser "un espacio para hablar de la misión y para hablar de la Palabra de Dios. Los cristianos, espero, encontrarán una lectura actual de la Biblia que puede ser aplicable a la vida cotidiana..." (cf.http://blogs.clarin.com/usuarios/leonardo-biolatto). Hoy le cedo la palabra. Me la ha mandado, yo os la ofrezco.Nada más, ahí va el texto de Leonardo, a quien quien quiero dar gracias desde aquí, deseándole buen trabajo al servicio del Evangelio y de la vida, del gozo de la Transfiguración. Sigo deseándoos una buena preparación del Segundo Domingo de Cuaresma, domingo de la Transfiguración. Todo lo que sigue es suyo.
Entre todas las fiestas religiosas judías, una de ellas era la fiesta de los tabernáculos. Según el libro del Levítico, Yahvé dijo a Moisés lo siguiente: “En el séptimo mes la celebraréis. Durante los siete días habitaréis en cabañas” (Lev. 23, 41b-42a). Detrás de esta celebración se encontraba una tradición agrícola, como para la mayoría de las celebraciones de los pueblos de la antigüedad. En el libro del Éxodo encontramos la indicación de celebrar, por ejemplo, la fiesta de las semanas (Pentecostés) cuando comienza la siega del trigo, y la fiesta de la recolección o de los tabernáculos al cosechar (cf. Ex. 34, 22).
Entre las fiestas israelitas, tres implicaban, al menos en la legislación, trasladarse hacia el Templo para ofrecer ofrendas, sacrificios y holocaustos, las cuales eran las fiestas de los ázimos, de las semanas y de los tabernáculos (cf. Dt. 16, 16), constituyendo los eventos de peregrinación clásicos, los que implicaban movilización, traslado, procesión, con todo el sentido litúrgico de la misma, no meramente como un viaje más. La peregrinación es, desde sus comienzos, desde su preparación en el hogar del caminante, un espacio de liturgia, el comienzo de las fiestas.
¿Y qué relación tiene la fiesta de los tabernáculos con Jesús? O más precisamente, ¿qué relación tiene con la transfiguración? Pues bien, hay elementos que nos permiten relacionar ambos, penetrando más en el sentido de la fiesta y desgajando datos del relato evangélico:
- Ir al monte: Jesús toma a Pedro, Santiago y Juan, el trípode selecto que, en el Evangelio según Marcos, comparte en intimidad con el Maestro el milagro de la hija del jefe de la sinagoga (cf. Mc. 5, 37), la transfiguración, la explicación sobre los signos de los últimos tiempos (cf. Mc. 13, 3) y la oración agónica en Getsemaní (cf. Mc. 14, 33). Los cuatro suben, esta vez, a un monte alto. En el Antiguo Testamento, en referencia a la preparación de la fiesta de los tabernáculos, leemos que Esdras, sacerdote escriba, da la siguiente orden al pueblo: “Salid al monte y traed ramas de olivo, de pino, de mirto, de palmera y de otros árboles frondosos, para hacer cabañas conforme a lo escrito” (Neh. 8, 15). Al monte suben los israelitas para conseguir el material con el que construirán las tiendas de la fiesta; al monte suben los cuatro individuos del relato de Marcos.
- Apareció Elías: hay muchas y variadas explicaciones sobre la presencia de Elías en la transfiguración, pero vamos a analizar su relación con la fiesta de las tiendas. Es famosa una escena del profeta en la que sucede el desafío con los profetas de Baal, según el reto de ubicar dos novillos y pedir a Dios y a Baal que envíen fuego para consumirlos; si Yahvé lo enviaba, el pueblo lo adoraría y reconocería que era el Dios, sino sería Baal el verdadero (cf. 1Rey. 18, 23-24). Primeramente, los cuatrocientos cincuenta profetas de Baal imploran a su dios por el fuego, pero nunca desciende del cielo. Luego, Elías restaura el altar de Yahvé que estaba demolido (cf. 1Rey. 18, 30), toma doce piedras por cada tribu de Israel (cf. 1Rey. 18, 31), derrama grandes cantidades de agua (cf. 1Rey. 18, 34-35), desciende el fuego del cielo tras su invocación, los profetas falsos son degollados, Elías sube a la cima del Carmelo (cf. 1Rey. 18, 42), anuncia la lluvia y llueve (cf. 1Rey. 18, 41.45). Estos elementos recalcados en la narración, son significativos para la fiesta de los tabernáculos. En primer lugar, Elías restaura el culto a Yahvé restaurando el altar demolido; la fiesta era precedida por una purificación del Templo. Elías recuerda a cada tribu de Israel; en la fiesta, uno de sus significados era reunir a las doce tribus. Elías derrama agua en abundancia; en la fiesta, además de ser de las cosechas, se realizaban gestos para la fecundad de la próxima siembra, haciendo libaciones de agua. Elías sube al monte Carmelo; los israelitas son enviados por Esdras al monte, como ya mencionamos, para buscar con qué construir las tiendas. Elías anuncia la lluvia y llueve; si también era fiesta de la fecundidad de la tierra, la lluvia es un factor clave para el crecimiento de las cosechas. No podemos aseverar, a ciencia cierta, la correlación entre el episodio del profeta y la fiesta, pero hay elementos de cercanía.
- Apareció Moisés: Moisés es, sin dudas, el transmisor al pueblo de las disposiciones litúrgicas que Yahvé le ha comunicado. Baste citar Ex. 23, 16; Dt. 16, 13-17 ó Lev. 23, 23-24.
- Hacer tres tiendas: la propuesta de Pedro es construir algo que podemos intercambiar, verbalmente, como tiendas, chozas o tabernáculos. Aquí la referencia es la más clara que podemos hallar. El mismo texto señala que Pedro habla atemorizado, que no sabía qué decir, por ende, que expresó lo primero que vino a su cabeza; y no es difícil suponer que, si estaban en la época de la fiesta de los tabernáculos, lo primero que vino a la cabeza de Pedro fue construir las tiendas para pasar la noche bajo el motivo de la celebración.
- Una nube: Éxodo y Números son los libros que más recalcan la presencia de Yahvé como una nube que guía durante el día el peregrinar en el desierto. Si la nube se detenía, Israel se detenía y acampaba. Cuando la nube se elevaba, levantaban el campamento y seguían viaje. La nube es parte del éxodo, es un signo más de la historia en el desierto, del peregrinar, de la huida a la libertad. La nube es la presencia divina al lado de los rescatados, como compañía fiel. En la fiesta de los tabernáculos, los israelitas habitaban en tiendas para recordar esa forma de vida de sus antepasados durante la marcha en el desierto.
Aún queda por responder cuál es el sentido de la fiesta de las tiendas en la vida y misión de Jesús. ¿Qué nos quiere transmitir el Evangelio? ¿Qué tiene de Jesús la fiesta? ¿Qué tiene de la fiesta la existencia de Jesús? Era una celebración que había adquirido, con el tiempo, muchos significados, y todos ellos, de una u otra manera, se habían re-significado, sobre todo por los profetas. Podríamos esbozar como línea cronológica: la fiesta meramente agrícola – el agregado de significado religioso judío – su reglamentación – su reinterpretación profética. Veamos, entonces, qué celebraba Israel y qué aporta Jesús a esas celebraciones:
- Fin de un año y comienzo del otro: la fiesta marcaba un ritmo cronológico, que si bien no se ubicaba en el estricto principio del nuevo año (correspondiente a la fiesta de Rosh Hashanah), estaba en los inicios, y además cerraba un ciclo con la cosecha y recolección para comenzar otro de siembra. Era una fiesta de fin y comienzo, una fiesta de los ciclos, si se quiere. Será la corriente profética la que traducirá ese fin y comienzo de año en fin y comienzo de era. Para el siglo I d.C., la fiesta marcaba el ritmo anual, pero mucho más, siendo también espera del ritmo mesiánico, de la irrupción del Mesías para abrir el nuevo año definitivo, la nueva era. Ya podemos ir develando qué aporta Jesús a la celebración; y es su misma Persona, su mesianismo que, expresado en la transfiguración como enviado del Padre y testimoniado por Elías y Moisés, trae la era definitiva. Lo que espera la fiesta de los tabernáculos ya ha llegado, y la propuesta de Pedro de las tiendas carece de sentido, porque el que tenía que venir ya está aquí.
- Purificación: los tabernáculos son precedidos por el día de Yom Kippur o de la expiación, desarrollado en el capítulo 16 de Levítico. La expiación era un sacrificio por los pecados y por la limpieza del Templo. Será Heb. 9, 11-14 quien explique por qué es caduca esta expiación, debido a la sangre del Cristo que es muchísimo más superior a la sangre de cualquier animal sacrificado. En la misma línea que el significado anterior, Jesús viene a colmar las expectativas de la fiesta y a ofrecer el último sacrificio, declarando la caducidad de esa purificación ritual. La transfiguración está, en el Evangelio según Marcos, dentro del recorrido de Jesús con sus discípulos subiendo hacia Jerusalén, subiendo hacia la culminación en la cruz. La transfiguración es gloria, pero en un camino de cruz, es la belleza de la resurrección, pero aún camino a la muerte. Jesús acaba de realizar el primer anuncio de la pasión (cf. Mc. 8, 31), está conciente de lo que le espera. Pedro quiere festejar los tabernáculos allá arriba, en las alturas del monte; Jesús prefiere bajar y seguir viaje, porque debe ir a Jerusalén.
- Fecundidad: como fiesta de fin y comienzo, de conclusivo cierre y nueva apertura, trae lo recolectado y se agradece por ello, pero también se pide por lo nuevo, por lo que viene. En este sentido, los tabernáculos eran la ocasión de los ritos de fecundidad, comunes en las creencias primitivas y subsistentes en los posteriores grandes sistemas religiosos. Uno de los reconocidos ritos consistía en agitar ramas y palmas (cf. 2Mac. 10, 7), otro eran las libaciones de agua. La tradición profética reinterpretó estos ritos en un sentido mesiánico. Isaías, por ejemplo, dirá que “todos los árboles del campo batirán palmas” (Is. 55, 12b), mientras Zacarías asegurará que en el Día de Yahvé “manarán de Jerusalén aguas vivas” (Zac. 14, 8). La fecundidad de la tierra es tomada por los profetas para hablar de la fecundidad de la era mesiánica, caracterizada por gozo y abundancia, por las palmas batidas de alegría hasta por los árboles, por las aguas que se esparcen desde Jerusalén para hacer florecer todo, para sembrar todos los campos del mundo. La tradición joánica no ha dejado de lado estos símbolos, en la entrada triunfal de Jesús sobre el borriquillo (cf. Jn. 12, 13), por ejemplo, o en la declaración: “Si alguno tiene sed, que venga a mí, y beberá” (Jn. 7, 37).
El camino que recorre Jesús con sus discípulos hacia la cruz viene a traer la fecundidad, por más absurdo que parezca, porque la muerte engendrará vida, porque la transfiguración ya es un fruto del sendero hacia la crucifixión. Marcos sí nos conservará esta paradoja cristiana: “Quien quiera salvar su vida, la perderá; pero quien pierda su vida por mí y por el Evangelio, la salvará” (Mc. 8, 35).
- Éxodo: vivir en tiendas durante siete días era experimentar, en la medida de lo posible, la vivencia de los antepasados israelitas durante el éxodo, viviendo en chozas durante cuarenta años, caminando la libertad hacia la tierra prometida, en la compañía constante de Dios a pesar de las infidelidades. Israel se define como pueblo a partir de la experiencia del éxodo, y eso queda firmemente grabado en la memoria colectiva. Los padres que relataban a sus hijos la historia del desierto les estaban transmitiendo lo íntimo del judaísmo, la experiencia inicial de liberación y alianza. La corriente profética, en algunos momentos, relacionó la época de las tiendas en el desierto con una época de comunión con Dios, debido a la presencia elocuente de Yahvé en la nube de día y la columna de fuego en la noche. Esa cercanía divina permitía mirar el final de los tiempos como el momento de nueva cercanía de Dios, la época del Dios-con-nosotros. Oseas contiene la promesa de volver a habitar en tiendas y de la multiplicación de los profetas (cf. Os. 12, 10-11) como signo del regreso de la Palabra de Dios al pueblo. Jesús es el Dios-con-nosotros, es la esperanza de vivir en tiendas en comunión con Dios. Jesús es, también, la Palabra de Dios, que viene al encuentro del hombre y la mujer. Jesús es la alianza definitiva. Toda la temática del desierto y del futuro escatológico basado en el desierto que elaboraron los profetas, encuentra su cumplimiento en Jesucristo. A la fiesta recordatoria del Éxodo, comenzado en la Pascua judía, Jesús trae la Pascua cristiana, la Pascua de la resurrección, prefigurada en la transfiguración.
- Pueblo: como dijimos antes, la experiencia de liberación de Egipto es médula israelita, y es el evento que conforma al pueblo. La fiesta de las tiendas, entonces, tiene también una dimensión nacionalista, de identidad racial y de celebración de haber sido reunidos por Dios para conformar su pueblo. Todas las tribus de Israel debían reunirse para los tabernáculos, todas debían celebrar lo mismo, todas debían recordar el éxodo y la vida en el desierto con el mismo espíritu. El pueblo de los antepasados que caminaron cuarenta años, es el pueblo actual que se congrega. La corriente profética, en este caso, relacionó la idea escatológica de la unión de todas las naciones a Israel con la reunión de las tiendas. Si las doce tribus se congregaban para celebrar su condición de Pueblo de Dios, en el final de los tiempos todas las naciones reconocerían a Yahvé y a la elección divina de Israel, y todos los hombres y mujeres tendrían el mismo Dios, y todos podrían celebrar la fiesta de las tiendas, porque todos serían el mismo pueblo. Eso deja entrever Zac. 14, 16, aunque con matices nacionalistas propios del judaísmo: “Los supervivientes de todas las naciones que atacaron Jerusalén subirán de año en año a postrarse ante el Rey Yahvé Sebaot y a celebrar la fiesta de las Tiendas”. No hay aquí una declaración misionera, pero sí denota un camino profético abierto hacia la universalidad, bajo la concepción judía, pero al fin y al cabo, camino abierto.
Jesús, formador de comunidades, Salvador universal, viene a que los hombres y las mujeres se reconozcan hijos e hijas de Dios, y hermanos y hermanas entre sí. Esta ansia de ver el mundo entero celebrando las tiendas, es el ansia que el universalismo cristiano tiene: formar la gran familia del Pueblo de Dios. Aquella experiencia de la liberación de Egipto, base de formación de Israel, es sólo apariencia comparada con la resurrección de Jesús, base para la formación del Pueblo de Dios universal.
Nuestras culturas también tienen fiestas que buscan, de alguna manera imperfecta, celebrar lo grupal o la unión. Desde las reuniones familiares estipuladas en el almuerzo del domingo a las manifestaciones espontáneas de festejo de los hinchas de un club por el logro que éste alcanza. Son fiestas de pertenencia, de compartir algo, de identificarse. En la familia, los integrantes se reconocen parte de la misma mesa y comensales de la misma comida. Los hinchas, en las calles, entre tambores, bocinas y gritos, reconocen al otro que se ha alegrado con lo mismo que uno, y por deducción, que se ha entristecido en los mismos episodios. Son uniones imperfectas, decimos, y fiestas limitadas, porque en nada se comparan a la celebración que debiese originar la comunión en Jesucristo. Así como la fiesta de los tabernáculos es superada por la llegada del Mesías que abre la nueva era, que realiza la purificación definitiva, que inaugura los tiempos de fecundidad, que vive como Dios-con-nosotros, que se hace un pueblo a través de la definitiva alianza, así el hombre y la mujer actual pueden ver desbordados sus deseos de unión en el Evangelio.
A los lazos familiares, limitados, circunscriptos a la sangre, la adopción o la convivencia, Jesús presenta la expansión de esos lazos con la ampliación de la familia. Ya no es la sangre ni son los papeles judiciales los que determinan con quién debo compartir la mesa. Es la Palabra de Dios la que vincula, es la misma Trinidad que interviene en la historia humana para formar una gran familia de toda raza. Al esquema rígido de familias, tribus, naciones, opone Jesús el sistema abierto de inclusión total y universal. Por otro lado, siguiendo nuestros ejemplos, a la relación de los hinchas, espontánea y momentánea, signada por la consecución de un título o un logro, Jesús presenta la comunión firme y duradera, contra cualquier tribulación, en las alegrías y en las tristezas.
No es algo ocasional la propuesta de Jesús, sino la alianza definitiva que forma un Pueblo para siempre, un Pueblo en comunión de amor, dispuesto a celebrar con la obtención de logros, pero también dispuesto a celebrar en las épocas tristes, de sequía, en la dureza de las persecuciones, en el desierto peregrinante que parece no acabar nunca.
El tema eje de la cuaresma del ciclo B de lecturas litúrgicas es la alianza. Pues bien, los siete días vividos en chozas por los judíos recordaban la travesía del desierto, el éxodo, la liberación de Egipto y la alianza del Antiguo Testamento. La transfiguración viene como evento superador de los tabernáculos, por ende, como nueva alianza, haciendo las veces de punto central en un arco que comienza en el bautismo del Señor y acaba en la Pascua.
En el bautismo se oye la voz del Padre (cf. Mc. 1, 11) y aquí también. En la Pascua hallamos un joven con túnica blanca (cf. Mc. 16, 5), y aquí las vestiduras de Jesús son tan blancas como ningún batanero podría blanquearlas. Uniendo los tres puntos de la historia de Jesús (bautismo, transfiguración, Pascua), formamos el arco de su vida que revela su identidad. Él es el enviado del Padre, el que hace la Voluntad de Dios, el avalado por Elías y Moisés, el Mesías esperado en los tabernáculos, el Hijo de Dios, el Crucificado, el Resucitado, el hacedor de la nueva alianza.
Una misión que invite a la alianza es una misión cristológica. A esas fiestas de nuestra cultura, imperfectas, debemos ofrecer la propuesta superadora de Jesús, la propuesta de comunión permanente y universal. Escuchamos hablar mucho de nacionalismos, de patriotismo, de regionalismo, de pertenencia, pero siempre implican estas palabras dividir el mundo entre los de adentro y los de afuera. Jesús propone la alianza del único Pueblo de Dios, de la gran familia. La evangelización no puede dejar de hacer notar esta invitación a la unidad, aunque implique poner el dedo sobre la llaga de los partidismos políticos, de la brecha económica o de las condiciones sociales. El arco de la vida de Jesús es un arco de restauración, de reunificación, de fraternidad. Callar ante las divisiones, ante las fiestas que son, en su fondo, delimitaciones sectarias (familia sanguínea o club del simpatizante), es callar el proyecto del Reino de Dios, y callar el Reino es, con seguridad, lo opuesto a la misión.
LEONARDO BIOLATTO ICTUS: Ieosus Christos Theos Uios Soteros
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The American Wisdom Series 
Presents Pamphlet #629 with permission from King's Chapel
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July 4th, 1776
Not many people in our land know that July 4, 1776, was truly a benchmark in Biblical history and that it was the exact fulfillment of Bible prophecy. They are also amazed when they discover that both John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, the 2nd and 3rd Presidents respectively, died on July 4th, 1826, exactly 50 years to the day from the signing of the Declaration of Independence, the event we celebrate today.
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Here is another fact that many people are not aware of and that is that our Liberty Bell is inscribed with scripture from God's Word, the Bible! The scripture is from Leviticus 25:10, "Proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof".
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Picture courtesy of ushistory.org
http://www.ushistory.org/libertybell/index.html
Click on the link above to read the rich history of this most famous of bells.
It is most fitting that a quote from the Book of Leviticus be inscribed on our most precious symbol of liberty, for it is in this great book through the adherence to the laws and ordinances contained therein that true liberty is granted. Did you know that at one time in this great nation in order to be a judge you had to know both the books of Leviticus and Deuteronomy. Today the judges must make sure that they are not taught in our schools nor even mentioned in their courtrooms. Of course the streets of our cities are not safe to walk at night, and our schools must be equipped with metal detectors and police, and so the liberties of the people have been given over to the ungodly and they "proclaim fear throughout the land". You see, to liberals and anti-Christian groups it is much more dangerous to civilization for a student to carry a Bible than to carry a gun. But guess what? You may go ahead read God's Word and you don't need permission or sanction from any group, church, religious organization, or government agency.
So let's lay some foundation from the Book of Leviticus and see what our Father has to say regarding His laws. Then we will go to secular history and discover some remarkable "coincidences" surrounding Independence Day.
First, it is written in the Book of Leviticus that God made a covenant with His people* at Mt. Sinai in the wilderness and the conditions of the covenant were these:
Leviticus 26:3 If ye walk in my statutes, and keep my commandments, and do them;
... then great national blessings would follow, vs. 4-13.
Leviticus 26:14 But if ye will not hearken unto me, and will not do all these commandments;
... then great national cursings would follow, vs. 15-23.
* Many preachers, pastors, ministers, etc., teach that the people who were gathered at Mt. Sinai, i.e. God's people, were all "Jews". Do not fall victim to teachings void of both Biblical and historical accuracy regarding Hebrews, Israelites, and Jews. Write or e-mail us at the addresses given at the end of this study and request the booklet "The Abrahamic Covenant", by E. Raymond Capt. In this booklet you will discover exactly who the so-called Lost Tribes of Israel really are and where they dwell this very day!
Furthermore, God stated that if His people "would not hearken unto Him" that He would chastise them for "seven times" and would scatter them among the nations. A "time" is a solar year of 360 days, just as the "time, times, and half a time" of Dan. 12:7 is the same as 1260 days in Revelation. So twice 3 1/2 times, or 7 times, would be 2520 days. Then we learn from the great prophet Ezekiel in chapter 4, vs. 6, that when the subject is Israel's punishment then a day is given to represent one year. So "seven times" would be 7 x 360 years or 2520 years. Here is the prophecy announcing that period of chastisement:
Leviticus 26:28 Then I will walk contrary unto you also in fury; and I, even I, will chastise you seven times for your sins.
Leviticus 26:33 And I will scatter you among the heathen, and will draw out a sword after you: and your land shall be desolate, and your cities waste.
This is where it truly gets exciting! The 2520 years would commence with the captivity of each of the tribes of Israel. Unfortunately, space here does not permit an in-depth study of the migrations of the tribes of Israel, a subject for another time, and surely a foundation essential to understanding prophecy. But you will find that the Birthright Blessings contained in the covenant that God made with Abraham were eventually split between Joseph's two sons Ephraim and Manasseh. It is very easy to document that England represents Ephraim, a company of nations, and the United States represents Manasseh, who literally became 13th tribe of Israel, a great people, (Gen 48). That is why the number 13 is stamped on our nation's history, i.e. 13 original colonies, 13 original states, etc.
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Now challenge anyone on this! Look up the date of the captivity of the tribe of Manasseh by the king of Assyria! E. Raymond Capt's book "Missing Links Discovered in Assyrian Tablets", pg. 67, Artisan Sales, Calif. will give you a good head start.
You will find that Tiglath-pileser III in 745 BC records the conquest of Israel and mentions the exact area where Manasseh had been settled. When you add 2520 years to this date, you arrive at July 4th, 1776. Coincidence? Not a chance! God's plan and His timetable are perfect.
I have often said that the Industrial Revolution could not, and did not, occur until the American Revolution had occurred. Why? The 2520 years had to expire and begin the time when true Israel would no longer be the "tail", but would become the "head" of nations, which is to say the superpower of superpowers.
Now let's look closely and, if you can open your eyes to "see", you will see God's divine "stamp" on the date July 4th, 1776.
Evidence of the significance of this date are found in the remarkable "coincidences" surrounding the deaths of our 2nd and 3rd Presidents, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. The following quotations are from Funk & Wagnalls Special Edition entitled "The Presidents", published by The Curtis Publishing Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202:
"John Adams died on July 4, 1826, the same day as Thomas Jefferson. The following comment on the significance of this coincidence appeared in the July 8, 1826, issue of the Post: "A gentleman arrived from the Eastward, last evening, informs, that the venerable JOHN ADAMS, died at his seat at Quincy, near Boston, on the fourth of July, about five o'clock, P.M. but a few hours after the sage of Monticello!-United in the grand political concerns of life, thus in death they are not divided! The last words of John Adams were said to have been, "Thomas Jefferson still survives..." not knowing that Jefferson had preceded him in death by a few hours."
Just before he expired, John Adams remarked "Thomas Jefferson still survives". One Early American History textbook calls it, "an extraordinary statement".
Concerning Thomas Jefferson, "The Presidents" volume continues...
"On July 4, 1826 he died on the same day as John Adams, and exactly 50 years (emphasize ours) after he had written the Declaration of Independence. The death notices of the two friends appeared side-by-side in the July 8, 1826, issue of the Post. Jefferson's read: The venerable patriarch and sage, the immortal author of the Declaration of Independence, THOMAS JEFFERSON, Esq. expired at his seat, at Monticello, on the fourth of July, at ten minutes before one o'clock, just fifty years since the promulgation, in the Halls of Congress, of the Liberties of this country. His death had been looked for two or three days before it took place, as he was confined to his bed during that time by severe indisposition. He was sensible of his approaching dissolution, and prescribed the mode of his interment. Well might he have exclaimed in the language of the psalmist, "Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, according to thy word, for my eyes have seen thy salvation..."
Thomas Jefferson apparently "knew" two or three days ahead of time that he was going to die on July 4, 1826. And both Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on that same day, July 4, 1826, exactly 50 years from the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Remarkably, they died within a few hours of each other! Coincidence? I think not!
The number 50 in Biblical numerics denotes a "Jubilee", the year in which all debts public and private are released and once again liberty is proclaimed throughout the land.
Leviticus 25:10 And ye shall hallow the fiftieth year, and proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof: it shall be a jubile unto you; and ye shall return every man unto his possession, and ye shall return every man unto his family.
And so every 50 years the Liberty Bell was to be rung, i.e. the Scripture was to be fulfilled, the law was to be obeyed, and "liberty was to be proclaimed throughout the land". But guess what? It was NOT proclaimed and 20 years after it should have been, the bell "cracked", and the expansion of that crack rendered the Bell unringable. Folks, it occurred on Washington's Birthday in 1846, just a few months short of the 70th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence! Oh, and by the way, 70 in what is called "Biblical Numerics" denotes the "restoration of Israel".
The number 50, however, is the Jubilee number which we just read of, and it is comprised of 5, the number of grace, times 10, the number of law as in the 10 Commandments.
Note: There is an appendix in back of the Companion Bible, by Kregel Publishers, which explains Biblical Numerics, i.e. the significance of numbers in scripture. An example is the number 40 which denotes trial, testing or probation, and every time it is used it is connected with trial, testing or probation. It rained 40 days and 40 nights at the flood of Noah, Israel wandered in the wilderness 40 years, Christ was tempted 40 days, etc, etc. Pretty amazing, isn't it? Ask the scoffers and skeptics, "How did all the different authors of the books of the Bible know to use the same number code?")
Now, it is no coincidence that John Adam's last dying words were "Thomas Jefferson still survives"... indeed a seemingly extraordinary saying for this dying man. Why? Since many doctors and ministers will confirm that it is not at all uncommon for those in the transition of dying to claim they see or recognize a loved one, there is little doubt that John Adams saw Thomas Jefferson in his room and together they departed for "home", mission accomplished. Read again the comment published in the Post in the July 8th, 1826 edition! "Thus in death they are not divided." And so they were not divided in death!
That these two great men were used by our Father to help lay the foundation of this "One nation under God" is without dispute. God truly blesses America! And John Adams and Thomas Jefferson certainly proved to be a blessing to this nation. Their "coincidental" death on the First Jubilee of our nation, the land of the free and the home of the brave, was no coincidence, for the hand of God was upon these two. We thank our Father for them.
One more interesting note: James Monroe, the 5th President of the United States, also died on July 4th. That's right! Three of the first five Presidents of this great nation died on the 4th of July. Isn't that amazing?
Please feel free to share this study with all your friends and relatives this July 4th holiday and have a great Independence Day as we celebrate the miracle of the birth of the United States of America, to whom we pledge our allegiance, One Nation Under God, Indivisible, with Liberty and Justice for All.
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LA INDEPENDENCIA DE COLOMBIA FUE EL MISMO DIA QUE EL HOMBRE PISO LA LUNA (20 DE JULIO)
Sin embargo, hoy en día es claro que lo que sucedió este día no fue un hecho espontáneo como aquellos que habían caracterizado la vida política colonial. Fue la consecuencia de varias circunstancias que sucedieron en cascada y desembocaron en una gran rebelión del pueblo. Los criollos tenían razones de fondo, que el 20 de julio se convirtieron en la gota que rebosó la copa. En las juntas realizadas entre 1808 y 1810, a pesar de que los criollos fueron invitados, la representación era mínima: entre 36 peninsulares, había 9 americanos. Esto hizo que los criollos por primera vez pensaran en la posibilidad de acatar un Estado- Nación.
Otro suceso fue el arresto, el 10 de agosto de 1809, del presidente de la audiencia de Quito, el Conde Ruiz de Castilla y sus ministros fueron sustituidos por la junta suprema de gobierno integrada por la elite criolla quiteña. Otra de las causas fueron los motines de Cartagena, del 22 de mayo de 1810 y los del Socorro en el 9 de julio del mismo año.
En consecuencia se creó la junta de notables integrada por autoridades civiles e intelectuales criollos. Los principales personeros de la oligarquía criolla que conformaban la junta eran: José Miguel Pey, Camilo Torres, Acevedo Gómez, Joaquín Camacho, Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Antonio Morales, entre otros.
Comenzaron a realizar reuniones sucesivas en las casas de los integrantes y luego en el observatorio astronómico, cuyo director era Francisco José de Caldas. En estas reuniones empezaron a pensar en la táctica política que consistía en provocar una limitada y transitoria perturbación del orden público y así aprovechar para tomar el poder español.
La junta de notables propuso promover un incidente con los españoles, a fin de crear una situación conflictiva que diera salida al descontento potencial que existía en Santa fe contra la audiencia española. Lo importante era conseguir que el Virrey, presionado por la perturbación del orden, constituyera ese mismo día la Junta Suprema de Gobierno, presidida por el señor Amar e integrada por los Regidores del Cabildo de Santa fe.
Don Antonio Morales manifestó que el incidente podía provocarse con el comerciante peninsular don José González Llorente y se ofreció "gustoso" a intervenir en el altercado. Los notables criollos aceptaron la propuesta y decidieron ejecutar el proyecto el viernes, 20 de julio, fecha en que la Plaza Mayor estaría colmada de gente de todas las clases sociales, por ser el día habitual de mercado.
Para evitar la sospecha de provocación se convino que Don Luis Rubio fuera el día indicado a la tienda de Llorente a pedirle prestado un florero o cualquier clase de adorno que les sirviera para decorar la mesa del anunciado banquete a Villavicencio. En el caso de una negativa, los hermanos Morales procederían a agredir al español.
A fin de garantizar el éxito del plan, si Llorente entregaba el florero o se negaba de manera cortés, se acordó que don Francisco José de Caldas pasara a la misma hora por frente del almacén de Llorente y le saludara, lo cuál daría oportunidad a Morales para reprenderlo por dirigir la palabra a un "chapetón" enemigo de los americanos y dar así comienzo al incidente.
Llegó el día indicado - 20 de julio 1810
Eran las 11 de la mañana y la plaza mayor estaba colmada por una heterogénea concurrencia, compuesta de tratantes y vivanderos, indios de los resguardos de la sabana y gente de todas las clases sociales de la capital.
Poco antes de las doce del día, como estaba previsto, se presentó don Luis de Rubio en el almacén de Llorente y después de hablarle del anunciado banquete a Villavicencio, le pidió prestado el florero para adornar la mesa. Llorente se negó a facilitar el florero, pero su negativa no fue dada en términos despectivos o groseros. Se limitó a explicar diciendo que había prestado la pieza varias veces y ésta se estaba maltratando y por lo tanto, perdiendo su valor.
Entonces intervino Caldas, quien pasó por frente del almacén y saludó a Llorente, lo que permitió a don Antonio Morales, como estaba acordado, tomar la iniciativa y formular duras críticas hacia Llorente. Morales y sus compañeros comenzaron entonces a gritar que el comerciante español había dicho a Rubio malas palabras contra Villavicencio y los americanos, afirmación que Llorente negó categóricamente.
Mientras tanto los principales conjurados se dispersaron por la plaza gritando: ¡Están insultando a los americanos! ¡Queremos Junta! ¡Viva el Cabildo! ¡Abajo el mal gobierno! ¡Mueran los bonapartistas!. La ira se tomó el sentir del pueblo.
Indios, blancos, patricios, plebeyos, ricos y pobres empezaron a romper a pedradas las vidrieras y a forzar las puertas. El virrey don Antonio Amar y Borbón desde su palacio, observaba con alarma la situación que se escapaba de sus manos; la guardia que era por cierto muy escasa, estaba al mando de Baraya, quien rápidamente puso las tropas al servicio de la revolución, a tal punto que los cañones se enfilaron hacia el palacio del virrey.
El virrey muy asustado, aceptó reunir un cabildo extraordinario presidido por él, los oidores y los miembros del Cabildo de Santa Fe; al final de la tarde se impuso dicha reunión, se procedió a la elección de los vocales, de los voceros, que se fue haciendo por admiración; desde el balcón de la casa se iban proponiendo nombres de todos los próceres, y el pueblo los iba aclamando: Camilo Torres, Luis Caicedo y Flórez, Joaquín Gutiérrez, José Miguel Pey, Frutus Joaquín Gutiérrez, Sinforoso Mutis, Miguel Pombo, Luis Fernando Azuola Pedro Groot, Andrés Rosillo, Antonio y Francisco Morales, Antonio Baraya. Hacía las seis de la tarde, José Acevedo y Gómez lanza una arenga que le mereció el título de Tribuno del pueblo, invitando a la gente a que se mantuviera en pie, defendiendo lo que se estaba buscando.
La arenga, termina con unas palabras conocidas:
“Si perdéis estos momentos de efervescencia y calor, si dejáis escapar esta ocasión única y feliz, antes de 12 horas, seréis tratados como los insurgentes, ved los calabozos, los grillos y las cadenas que os esperan.”
Reunido el Cabildo, se procedió a elegir una Junta Suprema de Gobierno; la cual se encargaría del gobierno y se desconocía la autoridad del virrey.
Al día siguiente, el virrey fue puesto preso junto con la virreina, el pueblo se llevó al virrey a la gendarmería y a la virreina la llevaron en medio de insultos a la cárcel del divorcio, que era la cárcel de mujeres; eso no fue bien visto por los miembros de la Junta Suprema de Gobierno, consideraron que era una medida drástica, y por orden de Camilo Torres y de otros miembros de la Junta, fueron liberados y vueltos a palacio, pero ya estaban destituidos. El 15 de agosto son deportados primero a Cartagena y más tarde a España. Acabando así con el virreinato.
Una vez instalada la Junta Suprema, durante las horas finales de la tarde, la noche del 20 de julio y el amanecer del 21 de julio, se redactó el acta que se conoce con el nombre de Acta de Independencia .
En dicha acta, se hace mención entre otras cosas:
Se depositaba en la Junta Suprema el gobierno del reino, interinamente; mientras la misma Junta formaría la Constitución, que lograría afianzar la felicidad pública, contando con las nobles provincias a las que se les pedirán sus diputados, este cuerpo formará el reglamento para elegirlas; y tanto este reglamento, como la Constitución de Gobierno, deberá formarse sobre las bases de la libertad, e independencia, ligadas únicamente por un sistema federativo, cuya representación deberá residir en esta capital para que vele por la seguridad de la Nueva Granada.
Se le empieza a quitar la autoridad al virrey, y se le da a la Junta Suprema, que esta compuesta por criollos, mientras se establece una constitución. Se habla por primera vez de una constitución.
Se alcanza la felicidad pública. Se involucra a todo el pueblo, con diputados representándolos. Se considera por primera vez las elecciones. Se dan las bases de la libertad y de federalismo.
En el acta se dice: “Que protesta no abdicar los derechos imprescriptibles de la soberanía del pueblo en otra persona que la de su augusto y desgraciado monarca don Fernando VII.” Pedían que el rey viniera a gobernar entre ellos, algo que de antemano se sabía no podía ser, puesto que estaba preso, y porque ni siquiera reinaba en España. Quedaba entonces, el gobierno sujeto a la Suprema Junta de Regencia existente en la península y sobre la Constitución que de al pueblo .
El nexo con la Junta de Regencia fue discutido, ahí se podía decir que no había un ánimo de independencia; se dieron cuenta que de un momento a otro, no podían romper los vínculos del pueblo con el monarca, considerado una víctima ante los ojos de la gente, por lo que había hecho el déspota Napoleón. El pobre Fernando VII vivía como un holgazán en su castillo, su padre y su madre en otro; Carlos IV padre designaba a su hijo Fernando VII, quien a su vez designaba a Napoleón, éste a un virrey, y por ello no se daba el gobierno; esta situación no era entendida por el pueblo.
El reconocimiento de la Junta de Regencia origina en el seno mismo de la Junta Suprema una división, denominada regentista y anteregentista; una corriente liberal que era partidaria de desconocer la Regencia, y el otro sector conservador de la Junta, que era partidario de mantener el título de la Regencia.
El acta del 20 de julio es realmente un Acta de Independencia, se reconoce a Fernando VII pero de manera teórica, porque en la práctica se da un gobierno, la voluntad de convocar un congreso, de hacer una constitución, de sentar una patria, y de una vez adoptar una forma federal.
Los acontecimientos continuaron en una forma precipitada, se sigue la propia dinámica de una revolución; don José María Carbonell y otros próceres muy exaltados, se mantenían durante esos días recorriendo las calles agitando las masas, para mantener viva esa llama. El 29 de julio la Junta Suprema convoca “El Congreso General del Reino”, que tendría la misión de darle al territorio emancipado su primera Constitución.
El Congreso General del Reino se reunió el 22 de diciembre, prestó el juramento de “sostener los derechos del rey Fernando VII contra el usurpador de su corona Napoleón Bonaparte y su hermano José; defender la independencia y soberanía de este reino contra toda opresión exterior” . No se daba una ruptura total con el soberano español.
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