Wealthy collectors descended on Geneva, Switzerland, for the sale of the Henry Graves Supercomplication (pictured)
The 'Holy Grail' of watches sold at auction today to a mystery buyer - for a world record £15.1million.
Wealthy collectors descended on Geneva, Switzerland, for the sale of the Henry Graves Supercomplication.
Made by Patek Philippe, it is the most complex watch ever assembled entirely by hand and was offered with an estimate of £10million.
A bidding frenzy soon broke out in the Sotheby's auction room after an opening offer of 9m Swiss francs (£5.85m).
There were tense moments in the auction house and bids became drawn out around the 18m mark (£11.7m).
The hammer eventually went down at a staggering 20.6million (£13.4m) - a new world record with the auction house - sparking a round of applause.
With auction costs, the final price paid by the 'man in a red tie' was £15.1 million.
Patek Philippe was commissioned by New York banker Henry Graves to make the watch in 1925.
It took Swiss horologists three years to research and a further five to make, completing it in 1933.
The watch has a gold openface minute repeating chronograph clockwatch with Westminster chimes.
It also features a perpetual calendar, moon phases, sidereal time, power reserve, and indications for time of sunset and sunrise and the night sky of New York City.
In total, there are 24 horological complications and 'The Graves' held the title of the world's most complicated watch for 56 years.
The masterpiece has only been surpassed by technicians working with the aid of computers. It was last wound in 1969 and is still in working order.
La Dirección General de Impacto y Riesgo Ambiental de la Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales informa que ha recibido la documentación de la firma promovente Más Energía, para el proyecto de la Subestación eléctrica de maniobras Magdalena I (Parque Solar Magdalena I).
El proyecto consiste en la construcción, operación y mantenimiento de una subestación eléctrica de maniobras, dos accesos, y una línea eléctrica de entronque de 400 Kv que se interconectará a una línea de transmisión eléctrica existente de 400 Kv propiedad de la Comisión Federal de Electricidad para desahogar la energía eléctrica que se genera en la planta fotovoltaica parque solar Magdalena I al Sistema Eléctrico Nacional.
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6 Schematic representation of a cyclotron. The distance between the pole pieces of the magnet is shown larger than reality to allow seeing what is inside
Estructura detallada de los precolisionadores, colisionadores y aceleradores del LHC
El Gran Colisionador de Hadrones (LHC; en inglés: Large Hadron Collider) es el acelerador de partículas más grande y de mayor energía que existe y la máquina más grande construida por el ser humano en el mundo.12 Fue construido por la Organización Europea para la Investigación Nuclear (CERN) entre 1989 y 2001 en colaboración con más de 10 000 científicos y cientos de universidades y laboratorios, así como más de 100 países de todo el Mundo.3 Se encuentra en un túnel de 27 kilómetros de circunferencia y a una profundidad máxima de 175 metros bajo tierra, debajo de la frontera entre Francia y Suiza, cerca de Ginebra.
Las primeras colisiones se lograron en 2010 a una energía de 3,5 teraelectronvoltios (TeV) por haz, aproximadamente cuatro veces el récord mundial anterior, alcanzados en el Tevatron.45 Después de las correspondientes actualizaciones, alcanzó 6,5 TeV por haz (13 TeV de energía de colisión total, el récord mundial actual).6789 A finales de 2018, entró en un período de parada de dos años, que finalmente se ha prolongado hasta 2022, con el fin de realizar nuevas actualizaciones, con lo cual se espera posteriormente alcanzar energías de colisión aún mayores.
El colisionador tiene cuatro puntos de cruce, alrededor de los cuales se colocan siete detectores, cada uno diseñado para ciertos tipos de experimentos en investigación. El LHC hace colisionar protones, pero también puede utilizar haces de iones pesados (por ejemplo de plomo) realizándose colisiones de átomos de plomo normalmente durante un mes al año. El objetivo de los detectores del LHC es permitir a los físicos probar las predicciones de las diferentes teorías de la física de partículas, incluida la medición de las propiedades del bosón de Higgs10 y la búsqueda de una larga serie de nuevas partículas predicha por las teorías de la supersimetría,11 así como también otros problemas no resueltos en la larga lista de elementos en la física de partículas.
Túnel del Gran Colisionador de Hadrones (LHC) de la Organización Europea para la Investigación Nuclear (CERN) con todos los imanes e instrumentos. La parte del túnel que se muestra se encuentra debajo del LHC P8, cerca del LHCb.
Un "colisionador" es un tipo de acelerador de partículas con dos haces enfrentados de partículas que chocan entre sí. En la física de partículas, los colisionadores se utilizan como herramientas de investigación: aceleran las partículas a energías cinéticas muy altas que les permiten impactar con otras partículas.1 El análisis de los subproductos de estas colisiones, captados por los sensores, brinda a los científicos una buena evidencia de la estructura del mundo subatómico y de las leyes de la naturaleza que los gobiernan. Muchos de estos subproductos se producen sólo mediante colisiones de alta energía y se descomponen después de períodos de tiempo muy breves. Por lo tanto, muchos de ellos son difíciles o casi imposibles de detectar de otra manera.14
A blog dedicated to discussion of exploration of North America before Columbus
Welcome
I've created this blog to share and exchange ideas relating to the research contained in my novel, Cabal of the Westford Knight: Templars at the Newport Tower. The story itself is fiction, but its premise rests on firm ground: Numerous artifacts and sites in and around New England (see attached images) clearly evidence a history of pre-Columbian discovery and exploration of North America. Specifically, the evidence points to a group of Northern Europeans island-hopping across the North Atlantic in the late 1300s. Who were they, and why did they come? Well, that's where the fun begins. If you come to this site with an open mind, you are welcome to participate in what I hope is a lively discussion.
A Review of CABAL OF THE WESTFORD KNIGHT by the Ohio Record-Courier
I am a graduate of Tufts University and Georgetown Law School. CABAL OF THE WESTFORD KNIGHT is my fourth novel. (Click on "My Books" link above for more info.) I am a former Director of New England Antiquities Research Association (NEARA). I live in Westford, MA with my wife and our two daughters. In my spare time I coach youth sports and Special Olympics and also play on adult ice hockey and softball teams.
Medieval stone tower ... in Rhode Island. Does it look like any other Colonial structure you've seen? Recent carbon dating of the mortar indicates 1400s construction date (see post below).
The Westford Knight Sword
Medieval Battle Sword ... in Westford, Massachusetts. Can anyone deny the pommel, hilt and blade punch-marked into the bedrock?
The Spirit Pond Rune Stone
Medieval Inscription ... in Maine, near Popham Beach. Long passed off as a hoax, but how many people know the Runic language? And how is it that some of the Runic characters match rare runes on inscriptions found in Minnesota and Rhode Island? Carbon-dating of floorboards at nearby long house date to 1405.
The Narragansett Rune Stone
Medieval Inscription ... in Rhode Island's Narragansett Bay. This Runic inscription is only visible for twenty minutes a day at low tide--is this also the work of a modern-day, Runic-speaking hoaxster?
The Westford Boat Stone
Medieval Ship Carving ... in Westford, MA. Found near the Westford Knight site. Weathering patterns of carving are consistent with that of 600-year-old artifact. And why would a Colonial trail-marker depict a knorr, a 14th-century ship?
The Kensington Rune Stone
Medieval Inscription... in Minnesota. Forensic geology confirms the carvings predate European settlement of Minnesota--so did Runic-speaking Native Americans carve it?
The Hooked X Rune
Medieval Runic Character ... on inscriptions found in Maine, Minnesota and Rhode Island. But this rare rune was only recently found in Europe. This conclusively disproves any hoax theory while also linking these three artifacts together.
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 2018
Columbus and the Templars
Was Columbus using old Templar maps when he crossed the Atlantic? At first blush, the navigator and the fighting monks seem like odd bedfellows. But once I began ferreting around in this dusty corner of history, I found some fascinating connections. Enough, in fact, to trigger the plot of my latest novel, The Swagger Sword.
To begin with, most history buffs know there are some obvious connections between Columbus and the Knights Templar. Most prominently, the sails on Columbus’ ships featured the unique splayed Templar cross known as the cross pattée (pictured here is the Santa Maria):
Additionally, in his later years Columbus featured a so-called “Hooked X” in his signature, a mark believed by researchers such as Scott Wolter to be a secret code used by remnants of the outlawed Templars (see two large X letters with barbs on upper right staves pictured below):
Other connections between Columbus and the Templars are less well-known. For example, Columbus grew up in Genoa, bordering the principality of Seborga, the location of the Templars’ original headquarters and the repository of many of the documents and maps brought by the Templars to Europe from the Middle East. Could Columbus have been privy to these maps? Later in life, Columbus married into a prominent Templar family. His father-in-law, Bartolomeu Perestrello (a nobleman and accomplished navigator in his own right), was a member of the Knights of Christ (the Portuguese successor order to the Templars). Perestrello was known to possess a rare and wide-ranging collection of maritime logs, maps and charts; it has been written that Columbus was given a key to Perestrello’s library as part of the marriage dowry. After marrying, Columbus moved to the remote Madeira Islands, where a fellow resident, John Drummond, had also married into the Perestrello family. Drummond was a grandson of Scottish explorer Prince Henry Sinclair, believed to have sailed to North America in 1398. It is, accordingly, likely that Columbus had access to extensive Templar maps and charts through his familial connections to both Perestrello and Drummond.
Another little-known incident in Columbus’ life sheds further light on the navigator’s possible ties to the Templars. In 1477, Columbus sailed to Galway, on the west coast of Ireland, from where the legendary Brendan the Navigator supposedly set sale in the 6th century on his journey to North America. While there, Columbus prayed at St. Nicholas’ Church, a structure built over an original Templar chapel dating back to around the year 1300. St. Nicholas’ Church has been compared by some historians to Scotland’s famous Roslyn Chapel, complete with Templar tomb, Apprentice Pillar, and hidden Templar crosses. (Recall that Roslyn Chapel was built by another grandson—not Drummond—of the aforementioned Prince Henry Sinclair.) According to his diary, Columbus also famously observed “Chinese” bodies floating into Galway harbor on driftwood, which may have been what first prompted him to turn his eyes westward. A granite monument along the Galway waterfront, topped by a dove (Columbus meaning ‘dove’ in Latin), commemorates this sighting, the marker reading: On these shores around 1477 the Genoese sailor Christoforo Colombo found sure signs of land beyond the Atlantic.
In fact, as the monument text hints, Columbus may have turned more than just his eyes westward. A growing body of evidence indicates he actually crossed the north Atlantic in 1477. Columbus wrote in a letter to his son: “In the year 1477, in the month of February, I navigated 100 leagues beyond Thule [to an] island which is as large as England. When I was there the sea was not frozen over, and the tide was so great as to rise and fall 26 braccias.” We will turn later to the mystery as to why any sailor would venture into the north Atlantic in February. First, let’s examine Columbus’ statement. Historically, ‘Thule’ is the name given to the westernmost edge of the known world. In 1477, that would have been the western settlements of Greenland (though abandoned by then, they were still known). A league is about three miles, so 100 leagues is approximately 300 miles. If we think of the word “beyond” as meaning “further than” rather than merely “from,” we then need to look for an island the size of England with massive tides (26 braccias equaling approximately 50 feet) located along a longitudinal line 300 miles west of the west coast of Greenland and far enough south so that the harbors were not frozen over. Nova Scotia, with its famous Bay of Fundy tides, matches the description almost perfectly. But, again, why would Columbus brave the north Atlantic in mid-winter? The answer comes from researcher Anne Molander, who in her book, The Horizons of Christopher Columbus, places Columbus in Nova Scotia on February 13, 1477. His motivation? To view and take measurements during a solar eclipse. Ms. Molander theorizes that the navigator, who was known to track celestial events such as eclipses, used the rare opportunity to view the eclipse elevation angle in order calculate the exact longitude of the eastern coastline of North America. Recall that, during this time period, trained navigators were adept at calculating latitude, but reliable methods for measuring longitude had not yet been invented. Columbus, apparently, was using the rare 1477 eclipse to gather date for future western exploration. Curiously, Ms. Molander places Columbus specifically in Nova Scotia’s Clark’s Bay, less than a day’s sail from the famous Oak Island, legendary repository of the Knights Templar missing treasure.
The Columbus-Templar connections detailed above were intriguing, but it wasn’t until I studied the names of the three ships which Columbus sailed to America that I became convinced the link was a reality. Before examining these ship names, let’s delve a bit deeper into some of the history referred to earlier in this analysis. I made a reference to Prince Henry Sinclair and his journey to North American in 1398. The Da Vinci Code made the Sinclair/St. Clair family famous by identifying it as the family most likely to be carrying the Jesus bloodline. As mentioned earlier, this is the same family which in the mid-1400s built Roslyn Chapel, an edifice some historians believe holds the key—through its elaborate and esoteric carvings and decorations—to locating the Holy Grail. Other historians believe the chapel houses (or housed) the hidden Knights Templar treasure. Whatever the case, the Sinclair/St. Clair family has a long and intimate historical connection to the Knights Templar. In fact, a growing number of researchers believe that the purpose of Prince Henry Sinclair’s 1398 expedition to North America was to hide the Templar treasure (whether it be a monetary treasure or something more esoteric such as religious artifacts or secret documents revealing the true teachings of the early Church). Researcher Scott Wolter, in studying the Hooked X mark found on many ancient artifacts in North American as well as on Columbus’ signature, makes a compelling argument that the Hooked X is in fact a secret symbol used by those who believed that Jesus and Mary Magdalene married and produced children. (See The Hooked X, by Scott F. Wolter.) These believers adhered to a version of Christianity which recognized the importance of the female in both society and in religion, putting them at odds with the patriarchal Church. In this belief, they had returned to the ancient pre-Old Testament ways, where the female form was worshiped and deified as the primary giver of life.
It is through the prism of this Jesus and Mary Magdalene marriage, and the Sinclair/St. Clair family connection to both the Jesus bloodline and Columbus, that we now, finally, turn to the names of Columbus’ three ships. Importantly, he renamed all three ships before his 1492 expedition. The largest vessel’s name, the Santa Maria, is the easiest to analyze: Saint Mary, the Virgin Mary, the mother of Jesus. The Pinta is more of a mystery. In Spanish, the word means ‘the painted one.’ During the time of Columbus, this was a name attributed to prostitutes, who “painted” their faces with makeup. Also during this period, the Church had marginalized Mary Magdalene by referring to her as ‘the prostitute,’ even though there is nothing in the New Testament identifying her as such. So the Pinta could very well be a reference to Mary Magdalene. Last is the Nina, Spanish for ‘the girl.’ Could this be the daughter of Mary Magdalene, the carrier of the Jesus bloodline? If so, it would complete the set of women in Jesus’ life—his mother, his wife, his daughter—and be a nod to those who opposed the patriarchy of the medieval Church. It was only when I researched further that I realized I was on the right track: The name of the Pinta before Columbus changed it was the Santa Clara, Portuguese for ‘Saint Clair.’
So, to put a bow on it, Columbus named his three ships after the Virgin Mary, Mary Magdalene, and the carrier of their bloodline, the St. Clair girl. These namings occurred during the height of the Inquisition, when one needed to be extremely careful about doing anything which could be interpreted as heretical. But even given the danger, I find it hard to chalk these names up to coincidence, especially in light of all the other Columbus connections to the Templars. Columbus was intent on paying homage to the Templars and their beliefs, and found a subtle way of renaming his ships to do so.
Given all this, I have to wonder: Was Columbus using Templar maps when he made his Atlantic crossing? Is this why he stayed south, because the maps showed no passage to the north? If so, and especially in light of his 1477 journey to an area so close to Oak Island, what services had Columbus provided the Templars in exchange for these priceless charts?
It is this research, and these questions, which triggered my novel, The Swagger Sword. If you appreciate a good historical mystery as much as I, I think you’ll enjoy the story.
Loys de Cheseaux was born on 4 May 1718 in Lausanne, Vaud, to Paul-Etienne Loys de Cheseaux, a banneret, and Estienne-Judith de Crousaz.[1] His brother was Charles-Louis Loys de Cheseaux.[1] He was educated by his maternal grandfather, the mathematician and philosopher Jean-Pierre de Crousaz, and wrote his first essays, under the title Essais de Physique, in 1735, aged 17.[1]
In 1736, Loys de Cheseaux installed an observatory in his father's lands in Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne.[1][2] He acquired a reputation in Europe as an astronomer with the publication of his Traité de la Comète,[1] in 1744, a treatise on his observations of the comet C/1743 X1 in which he also became one of the first to state, in its modern form, what would later be known as Olbers' paradox (that, if the universe is infinite, the night sky should be bright).[2]
From 1747, Loys de Cheseaux was a corresponding member of the science academies of Göttingen, St. Petersburg, Stockholm, as well as the Academy of Sciences of Paris and the Royal Society of London.[1][2] He was offered the post of director of the St. Petersburg observatory, but declined the invitation.[2] In 1751, Loys de Cheseaux travalled to Paris and was presented to the Academy of Sciences.[2] There he died, after a short illness, on 30 November 1751, aged 33.[2]
Tema anterior
Primer 
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