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Pie (unidad)

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Para otros usos de este término, véase Pie (desambiguación).

El pie es una unidad de longitud de origen natural, basada en el pie humano, ya utilizada por las civilizaciones antiguas.

El pie romano, o pes, equivalía, como media, a 29,57 cm; el "pie carolingio", o anteriormente denominado «pie drusiano o drúsico» [pes drusianus], equivalía a nueve octavos del romano, esto es, aproximadamente 33,27 cm; y el pie castellano equivalía a 27,8635 cm.^[1]

Actualmente, el pie ha sido sustituido en casi todo el mundo por las unidades del Sistema Internacional (SI), salvo en el uso corriente en algunos países anglosajones, donde equivale a 30,48 centímetros. Es también la unidad de medida empleada en aeronáutica para hacer referencia a la altitud.

Historia[editar · editar código]

La primera referencia histórica referida a una medida estándar del «pie» se relaciona con la civilización sumeria, gracias a una definición de la medida encontrada en una estatua de Gudea de Lagash. Según la creencia más popular, se originó tras un descanso en una extenuante jornada de trabajo. El encargado de medir los bloques de piedra no era capaz de incorporarse y decidió que sería mucho más cómodo, para medir los bloques desde el suelo, utilizar los pies desde su posición.^{[cita requerida]}

Sin embargo, los arqueólogos piensan que los egipcios y mesopotámicos favorecieron el codo, mientras que los romanos y los griegos prefirieron el pie. Originalmente tanto los griegos como los romanos dividieron el pie en 16 dígitos o dedos, pero en los últimos años, los romanos también lo dividieron en 12 unciae (de donde derivan las palabras inglesas inch, "pulgada" y ounce, "onza"). El pie griego (ποὐς, pous) variaba de una ciudad a otra, oscilando entre 270 y 350 mm, pero las longitudes utilizadas para la construcción de templos parecen haber sido alrededor de 295 o 325 mm, siendo el primero cercano al tamaño del pie romano. El pie dórico, utilizado en el orden dórico oscilaba entre 325 y 328 mm. El pie romano estándar (pes) era normalmente de 295,7 mm, pero en las provincias, se utilizaba el pes Drusianus (pie de Nerón Claudio Druso) con una longitud de aproximadamente 334 mm. (En realidad, este pie está constatado anteriormente a Druso).^[2]

Después de la caída del Imperio Romano, se continuó con algunas medidas tradicionales romanas, pero otras cayeron en desuso. En el año 790, Carlomagno intentó reformar las unidades de medida en sus dominios. Sus unidades de longitud se basaron en la toise y, en particular, la toise de l'Ecritoire, la distancia entre las puntas de los dedos de los brazos extendidos de un hombre.^[3] La toise tiene 6 pied (pie) de 326.6 mm.

Sin embargo, no tuvo éxito en la introducción de una unidad estándar de longitud en todo su reino. Durante el siglo IX se utilizó un pie romano de 296,1 mm, y en el siglo X, un pie de unos 320 mm. Al mismo tiempo, los edificios monásticos utilizaban el pie carolingio de 340 mm.^[4]

Sistema anglosajón[editar · editar código]

Nomenclatura en inglés

1 foot (singular)
3 feet (plural)
3 ft (abreviado)
3 ’ (comilla simple)

Equivalencias

0,33333333333333 yardas
12 pulgadas
12.000 miles
30,48 cm

Actualmente el pie se utiliza sólo como unidad de medida popular en los países anglosajones de Estados Unidos, Canadá y Reino Unido, y todavía se emplea en aeronáutica (incluso fuera de los países anglosajones) para expresar la altitud de aviones y otros vehículos aéreos. La adopción por estos países del Sistema Internacional (SI) hace ya unos años irá haciendo caer en desuso esta unidad, incluso en estos países.

Era usual utilizarlo para longitudes de hasta unos tres metros; para longitudes mayores se suele emplear la yarda o la milla. La excepción es la altitud de los aviones, que aún hoy se sigue expresando en miles de pies en casi todos los países.

Pie de agrimensura[editar · editar código]

Para el acotamiento de tierras y costas, el Sistema Público de Agrimensura de Tierras (de Estados Unidos) utiliza una variedad llamada «pie de agrimensura», cuya longitud equivale a 30,4800609601219 centímetros.

Pie maderero (o pie tablón)[editar · editar código]

En la industria de la madera es usual utilizar el «pie maderero», tratándose en este caso de una unidad de volumen. Su valor es el que corresponde a una pieza cuadrada de 1 pie de lado y 1 pulgada de espesor. 1 pie maderero es igual a 2.359,737216 (un pie maderero entra 423.7 veces en un metro cubico);cm³ (30,48 cm * 30,48 cm * 2,54 cm).

Pie en España[editar · editar código]

Pie de Burgos[editar · editar código]

El Padre Lamy en su Apparatus^[5] (1696) describe el "pie de burgos" como una longitud de 1 8.5/11 codos antiguos romanos.

Pie cuadrado castellano[editar · editar código]

Superficie cuadrada de un pie castellano de lado, equivalente a 0,077637 m².

Efectivamente se calcula que la longitud total del meridiano es de 40008 kilometros aproximadamente. Teniendo en cuenta que en el mismo tenemos 360 grados de 60 minutos, que a la vez tambien tienen 60 segundos, tenemos que en los 360 grados equivalen a 129600000 segundos.

666, Venus, and influences on The Human

Yalarm has given a message … from the Angelic Realms, where the Hierarchy reside. The number 666 is said to be evil. It is not; it is related to the movement of stars and planets, and in particular, the planet Venus. The Humans are enchristed with the Crystal Energy; a work that was done with the majesty and collaboration with the Creative Source of All. At this time – a very serious time on planet Earth, – this planet is very subsceptible to influences. Humans have a choice and it is up to them how they will use the energy of this influence. Read more of this message from the Angelic Realms and the Hierarchy, as given by Yalarm.

Message received from Jalarm on
Tuesday, 9th September, 2013 at Werai, N.S.W. Australia.

‘It is I, Yalarm, and I am pleased to be here with you and to know that you are so competent and so professional in the way you work with us, and I/we appreciate that.

For there are many that are actually observing what is taking place with you. You ladies are on an important Mission and I do not want you to get carried away with that but it is important.

And so … the message I have is connected to ‘6’. The 666 is said to be Evil … but it is not. It is actually related to the movement of stars – the movement of planets within the Cosmos. And it is connected to the planet Venus. There is what is called a 6 pointed star which is connected to the Ancient Indians and what is called the ‘Shaktona.’

It is symbolic of movement … and it is an important beginning of human upon this Earth. And so the number 666 is referring to the human. The elevated Man – the Man that holds the Christ Consciousness and when I say Christ – I mean Crystal.

The energy is the same structure that the Crystal holds and is – is also in you and every individual being upon this Earth. Because when they are born when they are born they are enchristed with this energy which makes them human – part of the human race. And this has happened at a time before Atlantis Fell.

This was a creation from the influence from the Beings from Venus who hold the majesty and the Law of what is to take place upon this Earth. This planet you call Earth.

We have known it as Mu – but whatever you call it – it is the planet that is part of the Solar System to your Sun. Your Sun is you could say is like a Soul to this planetary system. Just as that has been played out in each individual because they have a Soul which is a Sun that is a planetary system with all the energies and influences that come from those planets. This knowledge was known in what you call Astrology and people upon the Earth are influenced by the different planets upon this Solar System and it infiltrates into each being and their journey upon this Earth. For as I have said before their journey on this Earth is limited. You come, you live, and you leave and you move on.

And so I would like you to think about that – the message is 6. 666 is the Aspect of the different layers of the God Force that is within you. There are 3 layers and they influence you all the time. The Ancient Indian traditions taught of the 3 aspects of God the Creative Source and this is what I am meaning when I am say it is influencing you all the time. So in a way, you are a creation of a planetary system – and I would like you to remember that and think about it.

reading

It is possible for people to live a life and receive a reading, from those who are gifted and able to read the system and influences upon different people.

However, they need to be very careful and very educated about the influences. And so I would advise those people who are listening to the ‘readers’ or clairvoyants – and keep their mind open – but always refer the information to your own Inner Sun, which is in your heart. For it is what keeps your heart beating – as soon as it STOPS the Life Force leaves you. And the Life Force is what is given to you in your heart – the same way that the Life Force from your Sun of your planetary system – your Solar System that gives Life to the interaction of the planets that evolves or revolves around your Sun.

I have said before, this Sun is connected to the Galaxy and The Galactic Sun is very large – that is aligned to many suns and many planetary systems. Your scientists are beginning to be aware of the many planetary systems that exist. Many are very similar to the one that you live in at this time.

My message is for you to be aware of influences – sometimes the influences of evolving planets have a favourable influence upon everything that happens upon this Earth. And sometimes it is not so favourable. It is nothing to do with evil. It is nothing to do with death in the sense that everyone should be afraid – far from that – it is still the movement and influence only.

And my message is – that there is an influence coming onto this planet this time that is not favourable and I would ask everybody to connect to your Inner Sun – realising that it connects to the Galactic Sun and the core of Suns that links back to the Creative Source of All.

This influence, if they connect to it, will help them through the heavier energy that is influencing in a negative way. I would say negative in that it is up to everybody upon this Earth to decide which way they want to be influenced.

This is something they need to understand within them.

They have a choice.

Everybody on Earth has a choice and they can make decisions that are good for themselves and those around them – always for the good of All. This is important at this time.

For at the moment – the planet – your planet is very vulnerable and I do not have to explain it or spell it out … in the dangers that can happen upon your planet at this time – but if everybody is positive and sends the positive energy from The Sorce of Creation of All that is Love – they can change outcomes …

And so this is my message—this is the message that I want to speak of this day—it is important; and it is a special transmission that is coming from the Angelic Realms and the Hierarchy that works in a positive way to help and oversee what is taking place upon your planet. Not just now but always.

So I hope you will listen and consider where your thoughts go and how you focus them. The focus is needed upon LOVE and CONSENSUS – Talking to people to help understand how they think and what motivates them into taking actions that are not good for All.

And so I ask people to think carefully – very carefully – about the decisions that they make at this time.

I send this message – I give this message – with great love – for the 666 is not evil I can assure you – it is coming from the influence of Venus your planet known as the Venus of Love. And so it is.

http://valeriebarrow.com/mystery/?p=349