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The James Webb telescope: part alien life detector, part time machine

UDEMNOUVELLES
12/09/2021
BÉATRICE ST-CYR-LEROUX

In the lead-up to the launch of the James Webb telescope, we look at the scientific objectives of the most powerful space observatory ever sent into orbit.

Are we alone in the universe? What did the first galaxies formed after the Big Bang look like? How did the planets in our solar system emerge? The James Webb telescope hopes to find answers to these existential questions.

Set to launch on December 22, the James Webb is the product of the combined scientific prowess of NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) – and by extension, Université de Montréal (UdeM). The CSA contributed a scientific instrument and a guidance sensor to the massive observatory and René Doyon, Director of UdeM’s Institute for Research on Exoplanets (iREx) and a professor in the Physics Department, is the principal investigator on the Canadian scientific team.

Together, the components supplied by the CSA, NASA and the ESA form the most complex, accurate and powerful space observatory ever built, one that promises revolutionary discoveries in astronomy.

The unparalleled power of the observatory will help scientists throughout the world scrutinize the distant reaches of the universe to learn more about the composition and inhabitability of exoplanets and study the life cycle of stars.

Exploring new worlds in search of life

The James Webb Telescope is the successor to the Hubble space telescope but is more precise and efficient because of the size of its mirror, the range of light it can detect and its location.

These attributes will enable the Webb to study the planets in our solar system and other planetary systems in unprecedented detail. Moreover, the scientific instrument developed by Doyon’s team is designed to analyze many types of celestial bodies, including the atmospheric composition of distant exoplanets.

“What we’re looking for, our holy grail, are ‘biosignatures,’ that is, signs of extraterrestrial life,” explained iREx coordinator Nathalie Ouellette, an astrophysicist who does communications for the James Webb.

She hastened to add that we shouldn’t imagine these signs of life the way they are depicted in science fiction films: “We’re talking about finding signs of biological activity or the signature of certain molecules that we have identified as essential to life, such as oxygen, water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone. Based on the presence of such molecules, particularly in certain combinations, we may be able to determine that conditions are conducive to the development of life when we explore an exoplanet using the telescope.”

Casting light on the dawn of the universe

The James-Webb telescope will orbit the Sun at the Lagrange point L2, about 1.5 million kilometers from Earth.

Telescopes are also time machines of a sort. “Looking into space is like looking into the past,” said Ouellette. “Light waves travel so fast that, to the naked eye, they seem to flash instantly from one point to another. In space, however, the distances are so vast that the time it takes light to travel is perceptible.”

That makes the Webb a marvellous time machine. It will be able to see back in time to 200 million years after the Big Bang, something that has never been done before. “With the Hubble, we could go to 500 million years after the Big Bang, so now we’re going 300 million years further,” noted Ouellette. “That’s remarkable, considering that the beginning of the universe was a tumultuous period. Galaxies were colliding and stars were forming at a rapid pace.”

“Tell me where you come from and I’ll tell you who you are”

The Webb will thus improve our understanding of the development of the first luminous objects (galaxies) over time. Ouellette believes the telescope will also provide insight into the creation of our own solar system.

“We still have many questions about the origins of life in our solar system. We don’t know exactly how we came to be on Earth and how the planets were formed,” Ouellette pointed out. “By studying other systems, stars and planets at various stages of development, we hope to be able to trace our own history and understand ourselves better.”

That is the ultimate goal of the James Webb: to revolutionize our understanding of the universe and, above all, to place the Earth, in all its fragility and uniqueness, in a broader context.

https://nouvelles.umontreal.ca/en/article/2021/12/09/the-james-webb-telescope-part-alien-life-detector-part-time-machine/

The string theory time travel paradox^2

Tanuj Handa

IITR | IIT-BHU | USCT | Developing research and creativity quotient | Curious about life |

Fecha de publicación: 28 oct 2019

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Time is like a river, it swifts and shores in one direction

This is a notion with which everyone must be familiar with, the obsession to know more about the universe and how things are happening the way they happen goes way back in 20,000 BC when cosmologist made attempts to describe the force which makes it all stable. Time is one leg of the chair of the universe in which we all stand, thus it is quite dangerous to tamper the force and experiment with it.

Consider this analogy of time and river, both have a unidirectional flow and we are just the boat sailing along whether be time or the river. Travelling backwards against the flow requires a lot of energy like what quoted by the theory of relativity E=mc^2 is the amount of energy we have to achieve, to begin with, time travel.

Now, as you might have a little idea about string theory, which discusses the how the river of time is divided into different streams and the stream which we get depends upon the actions we take in present.

From the concept of time travel, we can conclude that if we get enough energy we can flow back in time, but if we don't give it in the right direction, we might face consequences. Some of the hypothesis of the event that may follow are :

1. We can end up being an alternate form of reality ( the one we can't relate to from our past)

2. We might alter the space-time and end up having both the different reality come together

3. The concept to enter in an alternate reality may require more energy than to go in our reality of past, hence it might not be achieved

Following it all, it might be difficult to relate but consider like this, you have just started to move the boat against the stream but instead of going to the diversion from where you came in, you chose the alternate stream and thus you are in an alternate past. OR you try to go back to your path from where you came and suddenly the stream takes you to different diversion and you end up in an alternate reality of your time, both of which are equally exciting and terrifying.

My notion to say it as paradox square is because as both time travel and string theory are a big paradox in itself, it's quite difficult to imagine such an event to happen. The only way we can know it all when we get to know how to flow against the flow of time and look it all by ourselves.

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/string-theory-time-travel-paradox2-tanuj-handa