El 29 de noviembre de 1483 un sacerdote y abogado nacido en Estrasburgo accedía al cargo de Maestro de Ceremonias del papado en Roma, tras haber comprado el puesto por unos 450 ducados. Se llamaba Johann Burchard y hasta su muerte en 1506 serviría en ese cargo a cinco pontífices.
Unos pocos años antes, en 1503, Burchard se hizo construir un palacio, que todavía sigue en pie en la actual Vía del Sudario (en el número 44) con el nombre de Casa del Burcardo, con una torre anexa.
La torre, junto con el lugar de nacimiento de Burchard, acabaron por dan nombre al lugar donde se alzaban: Torre Argentina. Argentina porque el nombre latino de Estrasburgo era Argentoratum. Lo que vendría a significar algo así como la torre del estrasburgués.
Localización de Largo di Torre Argentina en Google Maps
En 1927 las autoridades romanas decidieron demoler buena parte de las construcciones de Torre Argentina (entre ellas la torre de Burchard) para crear una gran plaza, la actual Largo di Torre Argentina, situada en el antiguo Campo de Marte en el camino entre el Panteón y el Foro.
Durante las obras aparecieron la cabeza y los brazos de una estatua de proporciones colosales, lo que llevó a realizar excavaciones arqueológicas que, como suele ser habitual en la capital italiana, encontraron más de lo que se esperaba hallar: toda una área sacra con restos de cuatro templos de época romana republicana, además del Teatro de Pompeyo.
El teatro fue el primero permanente construido en Roma (y el primer edificio totalmente de mármol), en el año 55 a.C., gracias a una argucia de Pompeyo.
Como estaba prohibido levantar teatros permanentes en la ciudad hizo construir en lo alto de la cávea un templo dedicado a Venus Victrix, argumentando que la propia cávea no era más que una escalinata para acceder al templo.
Tenía 150 metros de diámetro y capacidad para más de 17.000 espectadores. Tras la escena había un enorme pórtico de 180 por 135 metros que rodeaba un jardín, y en el extremo de este pórtico opuesto al teatro se ubicaba la Curia de Pompeyo.
Una curia era una reunión para discutir asuntos públicos, y en época republicana servía también para designar el edificio donde se reunía el Senado, generalmente la Curia Hostilia situada en el Foro.
Pero había otras, como la mencionada de Pompeyo, precisamente el lugar donde en marzo del año 44 a.C. se estaba reuniendo el Senado.
Allí se dirigió Julio César el día 15 de ese mes para encontrar la muerte a manos de un grupo de senadores, como cuentan Plutarco y Suetonio.
Al entrar César se levantó el Senado; pero luego que se sentó, aquellos le rodearon en tropel, enviando delante a Tulio Cimbro, con pretexto de pedirle por un hermano desterrado; todos intercedían con él, tomando a César las manos y besándole en el pecho y la cabeza. Al principio desechó sus súplicas; pero viendo que no desistían, se levantó con enfado, y entonces Tulio retiró con entrambas manos la toga de los hombros, y Casca fue el primero, porque se hallaba a la espalda, que, desenvainando el puñal, le dio una herida poco profunda en el hombro. Echóle mano César a la empuñadura y, dando un grito, le dijo en lengua latina: “Malvado Casca, ¿qué haces?” Y éste, llamando a su hermano, le pedía en griego que le socorriese. Herido ya de muchos, miró en rededor, queriendo apartarlos; pero cuando vio que Bruto alzaba el puñal contra él, soltó la mano de que tenía asido a Casca, y cubriéndose la cabeza con la toga, entregó el cuerpo a los golpes. Hiriéronle sin compasión, empleándose contra su persona muchos puñales, con los que se lastimaron unos a otros, tanto que Bruto recibió una herida en una mano, queriendo concurrir a aquella muerte, y todos se mancharon de sangre (Plutarco, Vidas Paralelas: Bruto)
Esta curia, según afirman Suetonio y otros autores, fue tapiada posteriormente como lugar nefasto. Posiblemente a lo que se refieren es a la estructura de hormigón de tres metros de ancho por dos de alto con que Augusto mandó cubrir el lugar para señalarlo. Con el tiempo, el entorno sería convertido en letrinas públicas.
Se decidió tapiar la curia en la que había sido asesinado, designar con el nombre de “Parricidio” los idus de marzo y no celebrar jamás una reunión del Senado en esta fecha (Suetonio, Vidas de los doce césares: El divino Julio)
En la actual plaza Largo di Torre Argentina se pueden ver hoy los restos del lado este del pórtico, así como tres de los cuatro templos.
Restos del teatro de Pompeyo están en el subsuelo de la Vía di Grotta Pinta, mientras que las bóvedas originales del teatro forman los sótanos de los restaurantes de esta calle y parte de las paredes del hotel Albergo Sole al Biscione.
El punto exacto donde cayó César, justo en el centro del fondo de la curia, a los pies de la estatua de Pompeyo, puede contemplarse hoy frente a los restos de los templos, prácticamente embebido bajo el pavimento de la calle.
The Spot Where Julius Caesar Was Killed Opens to Tourists in Rome — What to Know
Travelers to Rome have a new way to step into history thanks to a brand-new elevated walkway that will bring visitors over the spot where Julius Caesar was killed.
The Largo Argentina square where the infamous assassination took place in 44 B.C. opened to the public this week, according to Rome’s mayor. The new access is thanks to a series of walkways (and nighttime illumination) funded by the luxury jeweler Bulgari, The Associated Press reported.
“Happy to be able to give back to the Romans and tourists the Sacred Area of Largo Argentina in all its beauty,” Mayor Roberto Gualtieri wrote in a Facebook post, calling the site “a real precious jewel made of history, art and culture, nestled in the heart of our city.”
Gualtieri added visitors will be able to “literally immerse themselves in History” by visiting the wall of the Curia of Pompeo where Caesar was killed along with the ruins of four temples.
The walkways are accessible and both wheelchair and stroller friendly. To reach the ruins, travelers can either descend on a staircase or use an elevator platform, the AP noted. General admission will cost 5 euros (about $5.50), and the ruins will be open every day except Mondays and some holidays.
Previously, the ancient spot was only visible from the street level. That is on a higher ground than the temples, which were first unearthed in the 1920s as part of dictator Benito Mussolini’s plan to change the landscape of the city, according to the wire service.
“We go forward in this way to enhance and make more and more fruitful and attractive the great city cultural heritage that never ceases to amaze with its treasures and wonders,” Gualtieri said in his post.
The citizens of Hill Valley may know Doctor Emmet Brown as an old washed-up mad scientist, but his best friend Marty, and Back To The Future fans know that Doc Brown is actually a brilliant inventor and a genius in addition to being a bit of a mad scientist. Of course, that mad scientist still managed to crack the secret of time travel, even in the Old West.
Even if Back to the Future 4 still hasn't happened yet, Doc Brown has still developed a few other interesting creations from the Back to the Future movies,TV shows, comic books and even video games that bear a closer look. Now, we're going to crank it to 88 miles per hour to take a closer look at Doc Brown's best inventions from across the Back to the Future franchise.
Doc's greatest invention may not have happened until 1985, he saw some success earlier in his scientific career in 1955 when he created the Brain-Wave Analyzer. This device first appeared on the big screen in Back to the Future, when Marty seeks out Doc Brown's younger self after he gets stuck in the past, but it has appeared in the animated series, comics, and even the Telltale Games video game.
The device is intended to allow the wearer to read another person's mind, and when we saw he found some success we mean that Doc was able to kind of infer a few interesting things from Marty about his true purpose and his recent experiences, but those could also very well have been coincidental guesses.
MENTAL ALIGNMENT METER
The Brain-Wave Analyzer wasn't Doc Brown's only exploration into the mind, as was revealed in Telltale Games' Back To The Future: The Game. Doc Brown first created this invention in 1931, and it consisted of a few different pieces that include the Mental Alignment Meter (M.A.M.), the Mind-Mapping Helmet, and a typewriter.
The device would read the brain, analyze the response and interpret the information to reveal the subject's moral inclinations, which were used to help solve the story of the game. Marty was forced to sabotage this device to falsify Doc's own M.A.M. reading in order to break up Doc with his girlfriend and save the timeline.
PROPRIETARY ULTRASONIC MOLECULAR REDISTRIBUTOR
The animated series featured quite a few interesting inventions from Doc Brown, since it focused on him and his family as they went on adventures through time. Some of the inventions included Fance-A-Dance dancing shoes and a giant boxing glove launcher to shoot the Delorean into the air.
The invention with at least the best name was the Proprietary Ultrasonic Molecular Redistributor (PUSMR), which Doc used to destroy a meteor. unfortunately, it was the same meteor that killed the dinosaurs, so Brown and family were forced to undo their disintegration of the meteor to restore the timeline.
DeLOREAN TIME MACHINE
Doctor Brown's best and arguably best-working invention is without a doubt the DeLorean Time Machine. Not only was the invention iconic due to his use of the DeLorean car, which became a monument to a failed car company, but its use in the original Back To The Future trilogy launched generations of fans and an empire of rides, comics, animated series and video games.
The DeLorean DMC-12 is just the housing unit for the time-travel machine, which is possible due to a device known as the Flux Capacitor, which was created by Brown after he bumped his head and saw a vision of the device. It was originally powered with dangerous uranium, but after visiting the future (2015) it was powered by the Mr. Fusion Home Energy Reactor.
TIME TRAVEL CHAMBER
Of course, that wasn't the only time-travel device made by Doc Brown, as revealed in IDW Publishing's Back To The Future: Biff To The Future. The comic series from BTTF co-creator Bob Gale, Derek Fridolfs, and Alan Robinson explored the alternate timeline created in Back To The Future II when future Biff Tannen delivers a Grays Sports Almanac to his past self, changing the future.
When past Biff uses the almanac to become wealthy and buy up all the land in Hill Valley, Doc Brown is forced to invent his "Time Travel Chamber" out of an old Sears Coldspot refrigerator to stop Biff after a series of murders. However, without the energy created by the DeLorean to produce enough power for a full jump in the timestream, the Chamber can only send one person back for four hours, and Doc Brown and his allies fail to change the timeline, resulting in that timeline's Brown being committed before the mainstream Doc and Marty fixed the timeline.
New International Version It is as if the dew of Hermon were falling on Mount Zion. For there the LORD bestows his blessing, even life forevermore.
New Living Translation Harmony is as refreshing as the dew from Mount Hermon that falls on the mountains of Zion. And there the LORD has pronounced his blessing, even life everlasting.
English Standard Version It is like the dew of Hermon, which falls on the mountains of Zion! For there the LORD has commanded the blessing, life forevermore.
Berean Standard Bible It is like the dew of Hermon falling on the mountains of Zion. For there the LORD has bestowed the blessing of life forevermore.
King James Bible As the dew of Hermon, and as the dew that descended upon the mountains of Zion: for there the LORD commanded the blessing, even life for evermore.
New King James Version It is like the dew of Hermon, Descending upon the mountains of Zion; For there the LORD commanded the blessing— Life forevermore.
New American Standard Bible It is like the dew of Hermon Coming down upon the mountains of Zion; For the LORD commanded the blessing there—life forever.
NASB 1995 It is like the dew of Hermon Coming down upon the mountains of Zion; For there the LORD commanded the blessing— life forever.
NASB 1977 It is like the dew of Hermon, Coming down upon the mountains of Zion; For there the LORD commanded the blessing—life forever.
Legacy Standard Bible It is like the dew of Hermon Coming down upon the mountains of Zion; For there, Yahweh commanded the blessing—life forever.
Amplified Bible It is like the dew of [Mount] Hermon Coming down on the hills of Zion; For there the LORD has commanded the blessing: life forevermore.
Christian Standard Bible It is like the dew of Hermon falling on the mountains of Zion. For there the LORD has appointed the blessing — life forevermore.
Holman Christian Standard Bible It is like the dew of Hermon falling on the mountains of Zion. For there the LORD has appointed the blessing— life forevermore.
American Standard Version Like the dew of Hermon, That cometh down upon the mountains of Zion: For there Jehovah commanded the blessing, Even life for evermore.
Contemporary English Version It is like the dew from Mount Hermon, falling on Zion's mountains, where the LORD has promised to bless his people with life forevermore.
English Revised Version Like the dew of Hermon, that cometh down upon the mountains of Zion: for there the LORD commanded the blessing, even life for evermore.
GOD'S WORD® Translation It is like dew on [Mount] Hermon, dew which comes down on Zion's mountains. That is where the LORD promised the blessing of eternal life.
Good News Translation It is like the dew on Mount Hermon, falling on the hills of Zion. That is where the LORD has promised his blessing--life that never ends.
International Standard Version It is like the dew of Hermon falling on Zion's mountains. For there the LORD commanded his blessing— life everlasting.
Majority Standard Bible It is like the dew of Hermon falling on the mountains of Zion. For there the LORD has bestowed the blessing of life forevermore.
NET Bible It is like the dew of Hermon, which flows down upon the hills of Zion. Indeed that is where the LORD has decreed a blessing will be available--eternal life.
New Heart English Bible like the dew of Hermon, that comes down on the hills of Zion: for there the LORD gives the blessing, even life forevermore.
Webster's Bible Translation As the dew of Hermon, and as the dew that descended upon the mountains of Zion: for there the LORD commanded the blessing, even life for ever.
World English Bible like the dew of Hermon, that comes down on the hills of Zion; for there Yahweh gives the blessing, even life forever more.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version As dew of Hermon—That comes down on hills of Zion, "" For there YHWH commanded the blessing—Life for all time!
Young's Literal Translation As dew of Hermon -- That cometh down on hills of Zion, For there Jehovah commanded the blessing -- Life unto the age!
Smith's Literal Translation As the dew of Hermon coming down upon the mountains of Zion: for there Jehovah commanded the blessing, life even forever.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible as the dew of Hermon, which descendeth upon mount Sion. For there the Lord hath commandeth blessing, and life for evermore.
Catholic Public Domain Version It is like the dew of Hermon, which descended from mount Zion. For in that place, the Lord has commanded a blessing, and life, even unto eternity.
New American Bible Like dew of Hermon coming down upon the mountains of Zion. There the LORD has decreed a blessing, life for evermore!
New Revised Standard Version It is like the dew of Hermon, which falls on the mountains of Zion. For there the LORD ordained his blessing, life forevermore.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible Like the dew of Hermon that falls upon the mount of Zion; for there the LORD commanded the blessing, even life for evermore.
Peshitta Holy Bible Translated Like the dew of Hermon that descends upon the mountain of Zion, because there LORD JEHOVAH commanded the blessing and the Life unto eternity.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917 Like the dew of Hermon, That cometh down upon the mountains of Zion; For there the LORD commanded the blessing, Even life for ever.
Brenton Septuagint Translation As the dew of Aermon, that comes down on the mountains of Sion: for there, the Lord commanded the blessing, even life for ever.
La Dirección General de Impacto y Riesgo Ambiental de la Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales informa que ha recibido la documentación de la firma promovente Más Energía, para el proyecto de la Subestación eléctrica de maniobras Magdalena I (Parque Solar Magdalena I).
El proyecto consiste en la construcción, operación y mantenimiento de una subestación eléctrica de maniobras, dos accesos, y una línea eléctrica de entronque de 400 Kv que se interconectará a una línea de transmisión eléctrica existente de 400 Kv propiedad de la Comisión Federal de Electricidad para desahogar la energía eléctrica que se genera en la planta fotovoltaica parque solar Magdalena I al Sistema Eléctrico Nacional.
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6 Schematic representation of a cyclotron. The distance between the pole pieces of the magnet is shown larger than reality to allow seeing what is inside