I’ve always been fascinated with time. Everything about it interests me. One of the most intriguing aspects of time is that it’s all about motion, in one way or another. The earth rotates on its axis and revolves around the sun. This gives us the hours of the day and the seasons of the year. An analog watch is a model of the movement of the sun, a model loosely based on its moment through the day.
Without the movements of our planet, would time exist? It seems obvious that it would, but we wouldn’t be around to notice it.
For those of us who study astrology, time is extremely important. We give meanings to planets and make note of their movement through our solar system in relation to the earth. Through these symbolic maps, we make predictions of what is coming, or explain what has already happened, as best as we can. In this way, time is much more than just the measurement of movement. It’s a book from which great knowledge may be discerned, depending upon the skill of the observer.
Any discussion of time usually leads to the common, but all-consuming question that so many have asked over the millennia. Is it possible to time travel?
The author, H.G. Wells put forth his idea about what might happen to our planet and eventually to the human race in his novel, “The Time Machine.” He painted a bleak picture of the future, but presented a savior in the form of a man from his own century, rushing to the rescue of humanity.
He wasn’t alone in a dystopian vision of the future, nor in his belief that only someone from our time could save it. This has always been one of the problems for me when reading stories or watching movies about time travel. I have more hope for the future. Every era essentially takes care of itself, although we often can’t begin to imagine how.
The Ethics of Time Travel: Non-Intervention
It’s for this reason that if there is to be any sort of time travel, I believe we should adopt an attitude of non-intervention. What worked for me culturally in 1970 would definitely not work for me in 2016, and trying to impose those archaic ways would get me into trouble. Traveling through time demands an ethical and ideological adherence to observing only, almost an impossible act.
Many science fiction authors focus on moving backwards, into the past, and accidentally changing something that creates a pretty rotten future. Other authors put forth the idea of deliberately trying to change the past and then speculate that no matter how hard they try, time travelers can’t change what has been destined to occur. Shows like the 60s classic, “The Time Tunnel,” tried, every week, to right the wrongs of time, to no avail. Despots still came to power. Ships still sank. Zeppelins were still fated to fiery disasters and the fabric of time remained unchanged.
In science fiction stories where time is successfully altered, the essence of reality is shifted, every now and then for the better, but more often than not in a disastrous manner.
The philosophy of time travel is something that has been pondered for a long time. Time loops, paradoxes, erasing one’s own birth by keeping parents from first kisses, and other truly disturbing thoughts have been worked over by every sort of media. That’s what makes it all so wonderful, daring to ask, “what if?”
Is Time Travel Possible?
I decided to ask my search engine, “Is time travel possible?” I expected to get the old answers, the ones ridiculing the idea and pointing their fingers at me for asking the question in the first place.
Instead, I was stunned to find physicists not only embracing the possibility of time travel, but engaging in experiments that have actually proven Einstein’s theory of relativity and time, notably the flying clocks experiment. Remarkably accurate clocks flying over the earth were found, upon returning to the ground, to be slightly slower than their counterparts here on earth, thus proving Einstein’s theory of general and specific relativity to be correct. The clocks in the jets had essentially travelled forward in time, to the future.
As a non-physicist, discussing all this makes me nervous, but what the heck, it’s all relative anyway. The research on time travel has made great theoretical strides, but from what I’ve been able to glean, we’re not much closer to success in actually breaking through the time barrier. Some of the greatest names in the field, including Dr Stephen Hawking, Dr Ronald Mallett and Dr. Brian Cox, completely believe in time travel.
You’d either have to move close to or faster than the speed of light, or find a wormhole to transport you, but scientists are working on just that.
I urge you to read Hawking’s and Mallett’s ideas on the topic, as they’re fascinating, and to be quite frank, a lot to chew on. I admit that much of it is beyond me, but an image has formed in my mind and I’d like to share with you.
Imagine that you are standing at the bottom of a hill. At the top of the hill is a fence. The fence represents the speed of light. Everything at the bottom of the hill is the present. If we begin to climb the hill, we’re still in our present, but the closer we get to the fence, the more time slows down for us. Once we climb to the top of the hill and are standing next to the fence, time is moving very slowly, much slower than at the bottom. The other side of the fence represents moving faster than the speed of light, and takes us into the past.
Let’s say we managed to jump the fence or find a hole to slip through. If we were able to move far enough beyond the fence, eventually we would be able to turn around and see ourselves at the bottom of the hill before we started upward, because the further away we get from the fence the more we overtake the past. How about traveling to the future? Let’s go back to climbing the hill. If we get to the top and stand next to the fence for an hour, because time moves much more slowly for us near the fence, when we descend back to the base of the hill, many years will have passed, as time moved faster below.
This means we will have traveled into the future. It’s all about speed, light, time and space, and is filled with possibilities.
Time Travel in Folklore
As a metaphysician, everything these esteemed scientists have said fits nicely into my world. It’s something that we believers have discussed for centuries. You may remember the tale of Rip Van Winkle, as well as numerous other stories of supernatural creatures who lure unsuspecting humans into their fairy rings, homes or bowling alleys. In their world, a few hours spent in party mode can equal decades, if not centuries, in our world.
There’s a riveting genius about such stories that almost seems to predict the scientific discoveries that have evolved over the past years. It makes me wonder if there isn’t some truth to those warnings of Fairy Rings and accepting shelter in stone huts on freezing nights on the peat bogs, only to discover that upon returning home, the octogenarian answering the door is one’s own great, great grandson. As mass approaches the speed of light, time slows down. Perhaps these other-worldly beings have a different energy structure than we do and being in their world can draw mere mortals into their space time reality. I’m not saying that such beings actually exist, although it would be silly to deny that they do.
Reverse Time Travel
I’ve had some personal experiences with what I was certain was time travel. Over the years, I’ve thought it all over and I’m not sure that there was any actual travel involved, but I do have a theory as to how one might be able to travel backwards in time, and here it is. According to physicists, it’s impossible to move back in time before a point when the machine designed to facilitate that travel was turned on. That presupposes a mechanical method of time travel, but what if there’s another way?
There is a method of reverse travel that stands out clearly to me. If we could travel faster than the speed of light, we would be able to surpass the present and enter the past, watching it unfold before us, the further we go. If this were possible, we’d be able to choose where we stopped.
There a lot of ifs, ands and buts in all of this, but I’ll ask one question. What is the speed of thought?
Scientists will immediately sit up at their desks and raise their hands, making urgent sounds to be recognized so they can answer. You in the back. Yes you with the slide rule. “The speed of thought must be connected directly to the speed of synaptic responses within the brain and cannot possibly be any faster than those biochemical exchanges will allow.”
My response to this logical answer is this: what if thought, a mystery no matter how you cut it, can move faster than the speed of light? What then? Is it possible to meditate to another time? Food for thought.
When I was in high school, I spent quite a bit of time walking through a graveyard near my school. I wasn’t unnerved and it didn’t seem morbid to me. It was respectful, peaceful and always put things in perspective. There were times when I felt the weight of mortality pressing upon me, especially on gorgeous days, but for the most part, it reminded me that the departed had once been on the planet as we are now and that time overcomes everyone.
As I read the grave markers, it occurred to me that I wanted to do something different. I hatched a plan to have a monument created, one made of something that would last, placed in a relatively conspicuous place. It would say something to the effect of, “Time travelers, please read! My name is Mo and these are the dates of my tenure on this planet. If you are reading this and can move through time, I would appreciate it if you would come visit me. I have some questions I’d like to ask you.”
It just occurs to me that the Internet is pretty much forever and that this is about as conspicuous a venue as there can be. Hmm. Maybe those experiences weren’t just dreams or way too much coffee. Only time will tell.
A simple equation relates wavelength and frequency to the speed of the wave.
The wavelength to frequency and frequency to wavelength calculations are important in physics and engineering. Here is the equation relating wavelength and frequency, example calculations, and a table of common values.
Relationship Between Wavelength and Frequency
A simple equation relates wavelength to frequency:
v = λf
v = wave velocity (how fast the wave propagates in a medium)
λ = wavelength (distance over which a wave shape repeats)
f = wave frequency (number of waves per unit of time)
For light and other electromagnetic radiation in a vacuum, the wave velocity is the speed of light (c):
c = λf
But, the wave speed is different for other kinds of waves and for light passing through a medium.
Light in air or vacuum: 299,792,458 meters per second
Light in water: 224,901,000 m/s
Sound in air: 343.2 m/s
Sound in water (20 °C): 1,481 m/s
Wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional. As wavelength increases, frequency decreases. As frequency increases, wavelength decreases.
How to Calculate Wavelength From Frequency
Rearrange the equation and calculate wavelength from frequency:
λ = v/f
For example, find the wavelength of the musical note A4, which has a frequency of 440 Hz.
The only tricky part in the calculation is keeping the units straight. Usually, you work with meters and Hertz and then convert to other units (e.g., nanometers, THz, GHz). In this problem, the wave velocity is the speed of sound in air (343.2 m/s). The frequency is 440 Hz. One hertz unit equal one cycle (wave) per second, so a frequency of 440 Hz is 440 s-1.
λ = v/f λ = (343.2 m/s)/(440 s-1) λ = 0.78 m or 78 cm
As another example, find the frequency of the green light of the aurora borealis, which has a frequency of 5.38 x 1014 Hz.
Here, the equation is:
λ = c/f λ = (3 x 108 m/sec)/(5.38 x 1014 s-1) λ = 5.576 x 10-7 m = 557.6 nm
How to Calculate Frequency From Wavelength
Rearrange the equation and calculate frequency from wavelength:
f = v/λ
For example, find the wavelength of orange light with a frequency of 4.8×1014 Hz.
f = v/λ (but v is c for light) f = c/λ f = (3.00 × 108 m/s)/(4.8×1014 s-1) f = 6.2 x 10-7 m = 620 nm
Wavelength to Frequency Chart
This chart shows the wavelength to frequency relationship for electromagnetic radiation:
The tallest monument in the United States was completed on this date in 1965. The Gateway Arch stands 630 feet tall and is the focal point of the St. Louis skyline. Constructed out of concrete and stainless steel, the arch has a tram system built within it that will take visitors to the very top where they have an amazing view of the city. The arch was built for two main reasons, first was to create jobs, but maybe more importantly to commemorate the Westward Expansion of the United States. According to reports, the cost of the project was estimated to be around $13 million which in today’s money would be around $190 million. The arch has more than 4 million visitors each year and is an important part of the city’s economy.
The last rivet was fitted which completed the installation of the Statue of Liberty on this date in 1886. President Grover Cleveland was on hand to perform the dedication ceremony as well as numerous American and French dignitaries. Lady Liberty was a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States to commemorate their friendship during the American Revolution. The 151-foot tall statue was originally built in Paris then disassembled and shipped to the U.S. in an estimated 200 different crates. The steel framework was designed by Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel, who made a name for himself by designing the Eiffel Tower. But the overall design was done by French sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi.
3. 1922: First college football game broadcast nationwide on the radio
It was on this date in 1922 the first college football game was broadcast nationwide on the radio. The Princeton Tigers went up against the Chicago Maroons at Stagg Field in Chicago. The Maroons were heavily favored and were one of the most dominant teams in the Big Ten conference. Unfortunately, the broadcast wasn’t live during the game; that didn’t happen until two years later in 1924. What would normally happen was a reporter would sit in the press box at the stadium and would phone the details of what was happening back to the station. An announcer would be standing by to re-enact the play by play using the help of sound effects and sometimes an in-studio audience. Even though Princeton was the underdog, they managed to pull off a major upset and then went on to finish the season with an undefeated record.
PRINCESS DIANA FILM SET SEEN WITH CLASSIC PORSCHE 911 IN NORFOLK
By Craig Ranson
The EDP have recently put out an article with some behind the scenes photos of the up-coming Princess Diana film, ‘Spencer’. Seen in Norfolk on Hunstanton beach, Kristen Stewart is seen with what looks like a classic Porsche 911.
Kristen Stewart, who is cast as Diana, Princess of Wales in the upcoming film is seen from distance in the photographs alongside her co-star, Oscar nominee Sally Hawkins.
Film crews were spotted around the Norfolk village of Breckland near Attleborough.
Much of the decoration and the church's stained glass in the east window was designed by Charles Eamer Kempe whom King Edward VII had also commissioned in 1903 to create a stained glass window at Buckingham Palace for his eldest son, Prince Albert, Duke of Clarence.[10][11] The church's silver altar and reredos, made by the silversmiths Barkentin & Krall, were presented to Queen Alexandra by the American department store owner Rodman Wanamaker as a tribute to Edward VII. He also presented the Queen with the silver pulpit and a silver 17th-century Spanish processional cross. Also of note are the Florentine marble font and Greek font dating to the 9th century.[8][12]
Many memorials to royal family members and relations can be seen at Sandringham Church and in the churchyard Prince John (1905–1919) is buried.
After the death of George V in January 1936, the King's coffin lay in state overnight in the church with an honour guard of estate workers. On the following morning, 23 January, the coffin was taken in a 2½ mile (4 kilometre) procession from the church to Wolferton railway station, with Edward VIII and his brothers walking behind and the rest of the royal family in carriages.[13] After George VI's death in February 1952, the body of the King was placed in the church for two days prior to lying in state at Westminster Hall.[14]
Allegedly, in the fall of 1943 a U.S. Navy destroyer was made invisible and teleported from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Norfolk, Virginia, in an incident known as the Philadelphia Experiment. Records in the Archives Branch of the Naval History and Heritage Command have been repeatedly searched, but no documents have been located which confirm the event, or any interest by the Navy in attempting such an achievement.
The ship involved in the experiment was supposedly the USS Eldridge. The Archives has reviewed the deck log and war diary from Eldridge's commissioning on 27 August 1943 at the New York Navy Yard through December 1943. The following description of Eldridge's activities are summarized from the ship's war diary. After commissioning, Eldridge remained in New York and in the Long Island Sound until 16 September when it sailed to Bermuda. From 18 September, the ship was in the vicinity of Bermuda undergoing training and sea trials until 15 October when Eldridge left in a convoy for New York where the convoy entered on 18 October. Eldridge remained in New York harbor until 1 November when it was part of the escort for Convoy UGS-23 (New York Section). On 2 November the convoy entered Naval Operating Base, Norfolk. On 3 November, Eldridge and Convoy UGS-23 left for Casablanca where it arrived on 22 November. On 29 November, Eldridge left as one of escorts for Convoy GUS-22 and arrived with the convoy on 17 December at New York harbor. Eldridge remained in New York on availability training and in Block Island Sound until 31 December when it steamed to Norfolk with four other ships. During this time frame, Eldridge was never in Philadelphia.
A copy of Eldridge's complete World War II action report and war diary coverage, including the remarks section of the 1943 deck log, is held by the Archives on microfilm, NRS-1978-26. The original file is held by the National Archives.
Supposedly, the crew of the civilian merchant ship SS Andrew Furuseth observed the arrival via teleportation of the Eldridge into the Norfolk area. Andrew Furuseth's movement report cards are in the Tenth Fleet records in the custody of the Modern Military Branch, National Archives and Records Administration, (8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001), which also has custody of the action reports, war diaries and deck logs of all World War II Navy ships, including Eldridge. The movement report cards list the merchant ship's ports of call, the dates of the visit, and convoy designation, if any. The movement report card shows that Andrew Furuseth left Norfolk with Convoy UGS-15 on 16 August 1943 and arrived at Casablanca on 2 September. The ship left Casablanca on 19 September and arrived off Cape Henry on 4 October. Andrew Furuseth left Norfolk with Convoy UGS-22 on 25 October and arrived at Oran on 12 November. The ship remained in the Mediterranean until it returned with Convoy GUS-25 to Hampton Roads on 17 January 1944. The Archives has a letter from Lieutenant Junior Grade William S. Dodge, USNR, (Ret.), the Master of Andrew Furuseth in 1943, categorically denying that he or his crew observed any unusual event while in Norfolk. Eldridge and Andrew Furuseth were not even in Norfolk at the same time.
The Office of Naval Research (ONR) has stated that the use of force fields to make a ship and her crew invisible does not conform to known physical laws. ONR also claims that Dr. Albert Einstein's Unified Field Theory was never completed. During 1943-1944, Einstein was a part-time consultant with the Navy's Bureau of Ordnance, undertaking theoretical research on explosives and explosions. There is no indication that Einstein was involved in research relevant to invisibility or to teleportation. View ONR's information sheet on the Philadelphia Experiment.
The Philadelphia Experiment has also been called "Project Rainbow." A comprehensive search of the Archives has failed to identify records of a Project Rainbow relating to teleportation or making a ship disappear. In the 1940s, the code name RAINBOW was used to refer to the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis. The RAINBOW plans were the war plans to defeat Italy, Germany and Japan. RAINBOW V, the plan in effect on 7 December 1941 when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, was the plan the U.S. used to fight the Axis powers.
Some researchers have erroneously concluded that degaussing has a connection with making an object invisible. Degaussing is a process in which a system of electrical cables are installed around the circumference of ship's hull, running from bow to stern on both sides. A measured electrical current is passed through these cables to cancel out the ship's magnetic field. Degaussing equipment was installed in the hull of Navy ships and could be turned on whenever the ship was in waters that might contain magnetic mines, usually shallow waters in combat areas. It could be said that degaussing, correctly done, makes a ship "invisible" to the sensors of magnetic mines, but the ship remains visible to the human eye, radar, and underwater listening devices.
After many years of searching, the staff of the Archives and independent researchers have not located any official documents that support the assertion that an invisibility or teleportation experiment involving a Navy ship occurred at Philadelphia or any other location.
Aman named Al Bielek, who claimed to be a test subject of various secret U.S. Military Experiments, said that on August 12, 1943, the U.S. Navy carried out an experiment called the “Philadelphia Experiment” on the USS Eldridge, at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, after installing special equipment on it. In this test, they allegedly send the ship and all its crew members 10 minutes back in time, making it apparently ‘invisible’, and then bring them back to the present time.
MRU
As a consequence, many of the sailors onboard went insane, many lost their memory, some were engulfed in flames to their deaths, and others molecularly bonded with the ship’s metal structure. However, according to Bielek, he and his brother, who were aboard the experiment ship at the time, jumped off just before the time warp opened and survived without any injuries. There’s a huge argument as to whether this event is true or not. But if such an experiment really happened then it’s undoubtedly one of the eeriest mysteries in human history.
The Philadelphia Experiment: Project Rainbow
MRU CC
According to Al Bielek, August 12, 2003, is an extremely important anniversary date in the U.S. Navy’s secret World War II invisibility project known as the Philadelphia Experiment. Bielek claimed that ― on August 12, 1943 ― the Navy, after installing special equipment on the USS Eldridge, made the ship and its crew disappear from Philadelphia harbour for over 4 hours.
The exact nature of this test is open to speculation. Possible tests include experiments in magnetic invisibility, radar invisibility, optical invisibility or degaussing ― rendering the ship immune to magnetic mines. The tests were conducted, only to produce undesirable results. Afterwards, the project — supposedly called “Project Rainbow” — was cancelled.
What Really Happened During The Philadelphia Experiment?
Two separate sets of bizarre events make up the “Philadelphia Experiment.” Both revolve around a Navy Destroyer escort, the USS Eldridge, with the events taking place on two separate days in the summer and fall of 1943.
In the first experiment, an alleged method of electrical field manipulation allowed the USS Eldridge to be rendered invisible on July 22, 1943, in the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. The second rumoured experiment was the teleportation and small-scale time travel (with the ship sent a few seconds in the past) of the USS Eldridge from the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard to Norfolk, Virginia, on October 28, 1943.
Horrible tales of mangled seamen and sailors stuck within the metal of the USS Eldridge often accompany this experiment, with the USS Eldrige reappearing seconds later in the waters around Philadelphia. Recitation of the events surrounding the second Philadelphia Experiment often includes a cargo and troop transport vessel, the SS Andrew Furuseth. The lore of the second experiment claims those on board the Andrew Furuseth viewed the USS Eldridge and it’s crew as they teleported into Norfolk momentarily before the ship returned to the waters of Philadelphia.
Prior to the mid-1950s, no rumours of bizarre activity surrounded any teleportation or invisibility experiments in North America during the 1940s, let alone in the area surrounding Philadelphia.
Carl Meredith Allen, using the alias Carlos Miguel Allende, sent a series of letters to the astronomer and writer Morris K. Jessup. Jessup authored several early UFO books including the mildly successful The Case For The UFO. Allen claimed to be on the SS Andrew Furuseth during the second experiment, witnessing the USS Eldridge emerge in the waters of Norfolk and quickly disappear into thin air.
Carl Allen supplied no proof to verify what he claimed to witness on October 28, 1943. He did win the mind of Morris Jessup, who began to champion Allen’s view of the Philadelphia Experiment. Jessup, however, died four years after his first contact with Allen from an apparent suicide.
Moving a ship weighing several thousand tons leaves an inevitable paper trail. On the date of the Philadelphia “Invisibility” Experiment, July 22, 1943, the USS Eldridge had yet to be commissioned. The USS Eldridge spent the day of the alleged teleportation experiments, October 28, 1943, safely within a New York harbour, waiting to escort a naval convoy to Casablanca. The SS Andrew Norfolk spent October 28, 1943, sailing across the Atlantic Ocean en route to the Mediterranean port city of Oran, further discrediting Carl Allen’s comments.
And in the early 1940s, the Navy did conduct experiments to make naval vessels “invisible” in the Philadelphia Naval Shipyards, but in a different manner and with a completely different set of desired results.
In these experiments, researchers ran an electric current through hundreds of meters of electrical cable around the hull of a ship to see if they could make the ships “invisible” to underwater and surface mines. Germany deployed magnetic mines in naval theatres — mines that would latch on to the metal hull of ships as they came near. In theory, this system would make the ships invisible to the magnetic properties of the mines.
Seventy years later, we are left without a shred of credible evidence for the Philadelphia Experiment(s), yet rumours persist. If you are still unconvinced, think of the situation from a different viewpoint. No incident, regardless of the horrific nature, would stall the development of teleportation technology if the military believed it feasible. Such a resource would be an invaluable front line weapon in war and the backbone of many commercial industries, yet decades later, teleportation is still caged within the realm of science fiction.
In 1951, the United States transferred the Eldrige to the country of Greece. Greece christened the ship the HS Leon, using the vessel for joint U.S. operations during the Cold War. The USS Eldridge met an unceremonious end, with the decommissioned ship sold to a Grecian firm as scrap after five decades of service.
In 1999, fifteen members of the USS Eldridge crew held a reunion in Atlantic City, with the veterans bemoaning the decades of questioning surrounding the vessel they served on.
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