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General: ANCIENT HINDÚ TEMPLE FOUND IN "SAN AGUSTÍN" COLOMBIA? MAGDALENE HOLY GRAIL
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An unnamed aerial vehicle created 8 years before the discovery of manned aerial vehicle by the Wright brothers claimed to use the ancient technology. The Propulsion materials used consisted of Mercury, Xenon, Argon, Krypton, Hydrogen and different thrusters like Ion Thrusters, Plasma Thrusters and Hall Thrusters. Mercury Vortex Engine is the forerunner of today's ion thrusters. This is NASA's ambitious project going on.
HISTORY
Vedas are viewed as one of the most established reports in mankind, which showed different Vimanas (vehicles) and drive, as old as 7000 years. Vimanas like Jalayan (vehicle operating on water), Kaara (vehicle working on ground and water like air cushion vehicle), Tritala (three Story space vehicle), Tri Chakra Vimana (vehicle working in air like plane), Vayu Ratha (vehicle worked by wind or gas), Vidyut Ratha (vehicle working on sunlight based power).
These Vimanas were working with various driving forces materials like Mercury, Xenon, Argon, Krypton, Hydrogen and various thrusters like Ion Thrusters, Plasma Thrusters and Hall Thrusters. Ion Thrusters are upgrades of Mercury Vortex Propulsion.
WHAT IS MERCURY PROPULSION SYSTEM?
Numerous Vimanas utilized Mercury Engines. In Mercury Engines, propellants are formed by catching liquid air from the environment in their tanks. To warm the air, mercury is inserted into the expansion chamber. As a superheated M, it is appropriate for clinical consideration. As the nozzle fills, plasma air expands.
MIGHT MERCURY AT ANY POINT BE USED FOR PROPULSION?
The Space Electric Propulsion Test (SERT) program was when NASA tried mercury fully intent on figuring out how to transform the component into something different. NASA could possibly benefit from involving mercury as fuel in its space apparatus. Utilizing as out main component, a Hydrogen Peroxide weighs ten fold the amount of as Xenon or Krypton, the substance being utilized in ion engines right now.
WHAT IS MERCURY VORTEX TECHNOLOGY?
In ancient history, a Mercury Vortex Engine was developed and propelled in light of the Hindu Ion Engine of the same name that has been applied of late. It was common for Vimanas to utilize Mercury Engines. Gas or liquid nitrogen-filled propellant tanks are utilized in mercury engines.
WORKING OF A MERCURY VORTEX ENGINE
An electromagnetic field coil inside a closed condenser loaded up with liquid or vapor Mercury, keeping the core axis vertical to the shaft. Vertical Heat Exchanger Coils protrude through the Ring Conductor (ring conductor is additionally called as Directional Gyro-Armature).
Whenever the heat exchanger coils are energized, the ring conductor is shot high up which lifts the airplane in the air when the current is controlled by a Rheostat. Lift is recovered in light of the close proximity of the magnetic field to the ring conductor.
MIGHT MERCURY AT ANY POINT BE USED AS ROCKET FUEL?
As opposed to liquid rocket fuel, Mercury isn't reliable. In any event, when Mercury is transformed into gas, little yet significant reactions lead to little energy delivery and bring about gases containing high Molecular Weight. Therefore, Mercury-fueled rockets will have a low specific impulse since their exhaust flow will be essentially lower than other rocket types. Other than being harmful, mercury is one of the principal agents of climate change.
WHY IS MERCURY NOT USED AS FUEL?
This spacecraft carries heavier Mercury than Xenon or Krypton so Mercury can produce significantly more power when conveyed to the International Space Station (ISS). This likewise has the burdens of being noxious and hence preventing NASA from leading exploration on Mercury in the present.
DEMERITS OF MERCURY VORTEX PROPULSION
The dangers of Mercury Vortex Propulsion are when the liquid metal Mercury is heated; it gives forth a hot vapor. This vapor is deadly poisonous, because if the liquid metal mercury is made radioactive and heated sufficiently to emit radiation. Any leaks in the mercury would, therefore, be a double danger to the crew and maintenance personnel of any vehicle powered by a mercury vapor turbine.
REFERENCES
REPORT BY
1. Jojit Dutta
Mechanical Engineering UG-1
JUMSC Member
2. Tamalika Mondal
Mechanical Engineering UG-1
JUMSC Member
https://www.teamxlr8ju.com/post/mercury-vortex-engine |
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 Ilustración que representa a santo Tomás en la India
Eusebio de Cesarea (Historia Ecclesiastica, III.1) cita un texto de Orígenes, que vivió en la primera mitad del siglo iii, en el que afirma que Tomás fue el apóstol de los partos. Sin embargo, Tomás es más conocido como evangelizador de la India (al este de Partia), según se relata en los Hechos de Tomás (hacia 200). En Edesa, donde se veneran sus reliquias, el poeta Efrén el Sirio (muerto en 373) escribió un himno, en que el diablo exclama:
...¿En qué lugar escaparé del justo?
Incité a la Muerte a que acabase con los Apóstoles, para escapar así a sus golpes. Pero ahora se me golpea aún más duramente: el Apóstol del que escapé en la India me ha alcanzado en Edesa; aquí y allí me encuentro con el mismo.
Allí donde yo voy está él: aquí y allí lo encuentro, para mi desgracia.
Se han conservado varios himnos al apóstol Tomás, atribuidos a Efrén el Sirio, en códices de los siglos VIII y IX, que transmiten la tradición según la cual los restos de Tomás fueron llevados a Edessa desde la India por un mercader. Las reliquias, según la citada tradición, obraron milagros tanto en la India como en Edessa.
Las diversas denominaciones de los modernos Cristianos de Santo Tomás creen, según una tradición no escrita que según ellos se remonta a finales del siglo ii, que Tomás desembarcó en Kodungallur en el año 52, y fundó las iglesias popularmente conocidas como 'Ezharappallikal' (Siete Iglesias y Media). Estas iglesias eran las de Kodungallur, Kollam, Niranam, Nilackal (Chayal), Kokkamangalam, Kottakkayal (Paravoor), Palayoor (Chattukulangara) y Thiruvithamkode (la media iglesia).
Los Hechos de Tomás describen, en su capítulo 17, la visita de Tomás al rey Gondofares, en el norte de la India. Según este texto (capítulos 2 y 3), Tomás viajó a la India por mar. Que tales viajes eran posibles es conocido a través de textos como el Periplo del Mar Eritreo. En 1872 se descubrió que el rey Gondofares había existido realmente, y había reinado entre los años 21 y 47. Posiblemente, el autor de los Hechos de Tomás manejó datos históricos fidedignos en lo referente a la India; esto, no obstante, no constituye prueba alguna de historicidad en lo referente al supuesto viaje del apóstol.
Según la tradición, Tomás sufrió martirio en la India el 3 de julio del año 72. Por esa razón su festividad se celebra el 3 de julio.
En el siglo xvii el matemático e historiador mexicano Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora defendió que el apóstol Santo Tomás había predicado en las Indias, no en la India, y que su recuerdo se habría transformado en los nativos prehispánicos en la figura de Quetzalcóatl. En 1790, al descubrirse en la Plaza de Armas de la Ciudad de México, importantes reliquias prehispanas, la estatua que se identificó con Coatlicue y la Piedra del Sol o Calendario Azteca, el abogado mexicano José Ignacio Borunda,15 retomó estas teorías, creyendo encontrar en el análisis de esos documentos históricos confirmación a la identificación de Santo Tomás con Quetzalcóatl, asegurando además que el manto de la Virgen de Guadalupe era en realidad la capa de Santo Tomás Quetzalcóatl en la que la Virgen en persona habría impreso su huella. Estas suposiciones fueron aceptadas y defendidas por el padre dominico Servando Teresa de Mier en un sermón que pronunció ante el arzobispo de México y el virrey de la Nueva España el 12 de diciembre de 1794, en la Insigne y Real Colegiata de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe, en la solemne festividad de la milagrosa aparición de dicha santa imagen, produciendo una gran conmoción (en tanto negaba la milagrosa aparición de la imagen) que llevó a que se abriera un proceso, en el que se desautoriza por extravagante la suposición de hacer al apóstol Santo Tomás en la América del siglo i.16
Leyenda de Santo Tomás (Pa’i Sumé) en Paraguay
Un antiguo relato indígena narra que, mucho tiempo antes de la llegada de los conquistadores europeos, anduvo por América un hombre alto, de barba blanca y gran sabio, llamado Sumé o Tumé (Avaré Sumé marangatú) que vino a enseñar el arte de la agricultura, a sembrar el maíz y la mandioca y sobre todo enseñó las virtudes y uso de la yerba mate. Terminada su misión se volvió al mar, dejando huellas de sus pisadas. Estas se encuentran en diversos cerros (Tacumbú en Asunción, Santo Tomás, Cristo Rey en Caacupé y Yaguarón, entre otros) del Paraguay y son llamadas Santo Tomé pyporé. Así) en diversos cerros: … Pa'í Sumé es un héroe cultural de los guaraníes, adaptado por los primeros misioneros cristianos, quienes lo identificaron con Santo Tomás, que se había adelantado para preparar la venida de ellos. Los nativos usaban, para sus viajes a la costa y al Paraguay, un sistema de caminos conocido con el nombre de «Peavirú», y también con el nombre de «Camino de Santo Tomás», que marcaba los lugares por donde anduvo Tumé. El cacique Marakaná, del Guairá, relató la leyenda de Pa'í Tumé a los Padres Cataldino y Mazzeta.17
Tomás en la Literatura
[editar]
El escritor peruano Ricardo Palma, autor de las llamadas Tradiciones peruanas realizadas en el siglo xix, escribió una donde recoge la idea de que Santo Tomás también estuvo en esa nación americana. Se trata de su historia titulada La sandalia de Santo Tomás, publicada por primera vez en 1877 en la cuarta serie de tradiciones.18
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Earth from Space – Arc de Triomphe, Paris
Status Report
May 13, 2022
Arc de Triomphe, Paris.
ESA
This striking, high-resolution image of the Arc de Triomphe, in Paris, was captured by Planet SkySat – a fleet of satellites that have just joined ESA’s Third Party Mission Programme in April 2022. The Arc de Triomphe, or in full Arc de Triomphe de l’Étoile, is an iconic symbol of France and one of the world’s best-known commemorative monuments. The triumphal arch was commissioned by Napoleon I in 1806 to celebrate the military achievements of the French armies. Construction of the arch began the following year, on 15 August (Napoleon’s birthday).
The arch stands at the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle, the meeting point of 12 grand avenues which form a star (or étoile), which is why it is also referred to as the Arch of Triumph of the Star. The arch is 50 m high and 45 m wide.
The names of all French victories and generals are inscribed on the arch’s inner and outer surfaces, while the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I lies beneath its vault. The tomb’s flame is rekindled every evening as a symbol of the enduring nature of the commemoration and respect shown to those who have fallen in the name of France.
The Arc de Triomphe’s location at the Place Charles de Gaulle places it at the heart of the capital and the western terminus of the Avenue des Champs-Élysées (visible in the bottom-right of the image). Often referred to as the ‘most beautiful avenue in the world’, the Champs-Élysées is known for its theatres, cafés and luxury shops, as the finish of the Tour de France cycling race, as well as for its annual Bastille Day military parade.
This image, captured on 9 April 2022, was provided by Planet SkySat – a fleet of 21 very high-resolution satellites capable of collecting images multiple times during the day. SkySat’s satellite imagery, with 50 cm spatial resolution, is high enough to focus on areas of great interest, identifying objects such as vehicles and shipping containers.
SkySat data, along with PlanetScope (both owned and operated by Planet Labs), serve numerous commercial and governmental applications. These data are now available through ESA’s Third Party Mission programme – enabling researchers, scientists and companies from around the world the ability to access Planet’s high-frequency, high-resolution satellite data for non-commercial use.
Within this programme, Planet joins more than 50 other missions to add near-daily PlanetScope imagery, 50 cm SkySat imagery, and RapidEye archive data to this global network.
Peggy Fischer, Mission Manager for ESA’s Third Party Missions, commented, “We are very pleased to welcome PlanetScope and SkySat to ESA’s Third Party Missions portfolio and to begin the distribution of the Planet data through the ESA Earthnet Programme.
“The high-resolution and high-frequency imagery from these satellite constellations will provide an invaluable resource for the European R&D and applications community, greatly benefiting research and business opportunities across a wide range of sectors.”
To find out more on how to apply to the Earthnet Programme and get started with Planet data, click here.
– Download the full high-resolution image.
https://spaceref.com/earth/earth-from-space-arc-de-triomphe-paris/ |
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- "[T]his makes it rather clear that Janet Jackson, via exposing her right breast and her juxtaposition with Beyonce
(representing the American spirit), was 'designed' to embody Lady Justice/Liberty - signifying or prompting the rebirth of the spirit of 'Columbia'. The prevalent 'blackness' additionally alludes to the pertinence of another related figure Mary Magdalene, recently made popular by the huge success of the book The Da Vinci Code, as this biblical/esoteric 'wife' of Jesus - embodying the feminine and sexuality - was sometimes portrayed as the 'Black Madonna'."
https://www.goroadachi.com/etemenanki/lucifer-timecode-2.htm |
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La batalla de Accio destruyó el amor inmortal de Cleopatra y Marco Antonio
Esta semana se celebra el 2050 aniversario de la refriega naval, en la que Octavio acabó con la última faraona y con su antiguo socio (y rival), anticipando la llegada del imperio.
https://www.elmundo.es/loc/celebrities/2021/09/04/613225a9fdddff70998c07c0.html |
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Saint Lawrence and the Holy Grail
“Keeper of the Treasures” by Deacon Lawrence Klimecki
Were it not a Sunday, today would be the feast of the deacon martyr, Saint Lawrence. There are so many stories about him, that it’s hard to sum him up briefly.
In the confused days after the martyrdom of Pope Sixtus, the administration of the Roman churches fell to the Deacon, Lawrence. He was captured by the Imperial authorities, but he bargained for his release.
The prefect of Rome said that if Lawrence would hand over the riches of the Church to the Imperial authorities, he would grant Lawrence his freedom.
Lawrence asked for three days to gather together the wealth. During those three days, Lawrence posted the Holy Chalice to his brother in Spain. This chalice, now known as The Chalice of Valencia is most probably the Holy Grail – the cup used by Christ and the apostles at the Last Supper.
The Valencia Chalice, thought to be the Holy Grail. The agate cup at top is dated to first century Judea. The remainder is a medieval ornamentation.
Lawrence then distributed as much of the remaining Church property to the poor as possible.
On the third day, at the head of a small delegation, he presented himself to the prefect. When the prefect ordered him to give up the treasures of the Church, Lawrence presented the members of his delegation: the poor, the crippled, the blind, and the suffering. He told the prefect that these were the true treasures of the Church.
High altar at the basilica of San Lorenzo fuori le Mura
The prefect was not amused. He had Lawrence roasted to death on a gridiron.
Legend has it that at one point the martyr called out to his executioners to turn him over – he was done on that side!
Clearly, Saint Lawrence was something of a smart-alec.
The saint’s remains now reside at the great Roman basilica of San Lorenzo fuori le Mura. There are little carvings of a gridiron on the door lintels, which I always thought was a nice touch.
From a homily by Saint Augustine:
The Roman Church commends this day to us as the blessed Lawrence’s day of triumph, on which he trod down the world as it roared and raged against him; spurned it as it coaxed and wheedled him; and in each case, conquered the devil as he persecuted him. For in that Church, you see, as you have regularly been told, he performed the office of deacon; it was there that he administered the sacred chalice of Christ’s blood; there that he shed his own blood for the name of Christ. The blessed apostle John clearly explained the mystery of the Lord’s supper when he said Just as Christ laid down his life for us, so we too ought to lay down our lives for the brethren. St Lawrence understood this, my brethren, and he did it; and he undoubtedly prepared things similar to what he received at that table. He loved Christ in his life, he imitated him in his death.
And we too, brethren, if we truly love him, let us imitate him. After all, we shall not be able to give a better proof of love than by imitating his example; for Christ suffered for us, leaving us an example, so that we might follow in his footsteps. In this sentence the apostle Peter appears to have seen that Christ suffered only for those who follow in his footsteps, and that Christ’s passion profits none but those who follow in his footsteps. The holy martyrs followed him, to the shedding of their blood, to the similarity of their sufferings. The martyrs followed, but they were not the only ones. It is not the case, I mean to say, that after they crossed, the bridge was cut; or that after they had drunk, the fountain dried up.
The garden of the Lord, brethren, includes – yes, it truly includes – includes not only the roses of martyrs but also the lilies of virgins, and the ivy of married people, and the violets of widows. There is absolutely no kind of human beings, my dearly beloved, who need to despair of their vocation; Christ suffered for all. It was very truly written about him: who wishes all men to be saved, and to come to the acknowledgement of the truth.
So let us understand how Christians ought to follow Christ, short of the shedding of blood, short of the danger of suffering death. The Apostle says, speaking of the Lord Christ, Who, though he was in the form of God, did not think it robbery to be equal to God. What incomparable greatness! But he emptied himself, taking the form of a servant, and being made in the likeness of men, and found in condition as a man. What unequalled humility!
Christ humbled himself: you have something, Christian, to latch on to. Christ became obedient. Why do you behave proudly? After running the course of these humiliations and laying death low, Christ ascended into heaven: let us follow him there. Let us listen to the Apostle telling us, If you have risen with Christ, savour the things that are above us, seated at God’s right hand.
Saint Lawrence, pray for us.
https://www.thomryng.com/amateurmonk/saint-lawrence-and-the-holy-grail/ |
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https://victor-li.com/isabellaquarter/
Vindicated by History: The 1893 Queen Isabella Commemorative Quarter
1893 Queen Isabella Commemorative Quarter. (Image via me)
A few things I’ve picked up from researching early commemorative coins:
- The people behind them always hope they can raise a ton of money for a pet project or monument or expo. They rarely do.
- The designs usually get denigrated by the numismatic press – oftentimes with a venom critics reserve for Limp Bizkit albums or Michael Bay movies.
- The mint melts down the excess/unsold coins. As a result, the ones that did sell end up becoming valuable decades later – screwing over collectors on a budget like yours truly.
Those issues were all in play for the 1893 Isabella Quarter.
The Queen Isabella commemorative quarter traces its beginnings to the World’s Fair: Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in 1893. Congress had already authorized the minting of a commemorative half dollar featuring Christopher Columbus, but a group of women, led by Bertha Palmer, whose husband, Potter, owned the famed Palmer House hotel in Chicago, thought they could do better.
Spearheaded by renowned women’s rights activist, and future $1 coin subject, Susan B. Anthony, the Board of Lady Managers had been awarded $10,000 in federal funds to help manage the Columbian Expo. In early 1893, the Board went before the House Appropriations Committee to ask that the $10,000 could be paid to them in the form of 40,000 specially designed commemorative quarters, which they could then sell at a profit. Congress obliged and the Board set about becoming “the authors of the first really beautiful and artistic coin that has ever been issued by the government of the United States.”
Obviously, the Board wanted a female on the obverse and decided on Queen Isabella I of Castile, who had provided vital financial support for Columbus’s voyages. Putting a foreign monarch on U.S. currency was unprecedented (indeed, there had a been a revolution over it), but according to Coin Week, the main source of conflict was over design.
Caroline Peddle, a former student of famed artist and coin designer Augustus Saint-Gaudens, was hired by the Board to design the coin. However, her sketches, which included a seated Isabella on the obverse and the inscription “Commemorative coin issued for the Board of Lady Managers of the World’s Columbian Exposition by Act of Congress, 1492–1892” on the reverse, were deemed to look too token-like and rejected. Rather than be allowed to redesign the coin, the Mint took away the reverse side and gave it to one of their in-house artists, Charles Barber, to design.
After some more back-and-forth and additional restrictions imposed by the Mint, Peddle resigned. The Mint then cobbled together some portraits of Isabella and ultimately produced an image of a young Isabella wearing a crown on her head for the obverse. On the reverse, the Mint went with an image of a woman kneeling while holding a distaff and spindle- symbolizing her industry. The Board had suggested an image of the Woman’s Building at the Expo, and Palmer later stated that the Board disliked the Mint’s reverse image because “we did not consider [it] typical of the woman of the present day.” However, the Mint made the final decision and approved the coin design.
To say that the reception for the commemorative quarter was not warm is a bit like saying that the American public didn’t embrace Apple’s Newton. The American Journal of Numsimatics was particularly brutal:
[W]e do not know who designed it, but in this instance, as in the half dollar, the contrast between examples of the numismatic art of the nation, as displayed on the Columbian coins, on the one hand, and the spirited and admirable work of the architects of the buildings, for instance, on the other, is painful. If these coins really represent the highest achievements of our medalist and our mints, under the inspiration of an opportunity without restrictions, the like of which has never been presented hitherto in the history of our national coinage, we might as well despair of its future…
The American Journal of Numismatics in October 1893, quoted by PCGS.
The Journal also drew a “mournful” comparison between the reverse design of the kneeling woman holding the distaff and spindle and the well-known “Am I Not a Woman and a Sister?” anti-slavery Hard Times Token. Surely, the Board felt vindicated by that line – although there’s no evidence Palmer or anyone else affiliated with them ever wrote to the Mint to say: “See? I told you we should gone with the building on the reverse.”
 1838 HT-81 “Am I Not A Woman & A Sister?” (Image via me)
Sales figures, meanwhile, were disappointing. Of the 40,000 coins minted, a little more than half (21,180) ended up selling. According to NGC, the quarter’s sales were cannibalized by the Columbian Expo half dollar, which sold for the same price and was more widely available at the fair (5 million Columbian Expo half dollars were minted – 125 times as many compared to the Isabella quarter). While it didn’t come close to selling out, Coin Week points out that the quarters, which sold for $1 each, ended up being profitable for the Board. A $20,000-plus stream of revenue may not have been much, but it was double the original federal appropriation awarded to the Board. Of the remaining 19,000-plus quarters, approximately 15,000 went back to the Mint for melting.
 1893 Columbian Expo Half Dollar. (Image via me)
In recent years, the coin’s reputation has been rehabilitated and has become a highly sought-after collector’s item. Contemporary reviewers have praised its quaint design and its uniqueness among U.S. commemorative coins (until the modern commemoratives came around, it held the distinction as the only commemorative quarter in U.S. history – as well as the only one to depict a foreign monarch). Even the reverse of the coin has been somewhat vindicated. Art historian Cornelius Vermeule argued that the design wasn’t necessarily evocative of the anti-slavery token and even traced elements of it back to antiquities. “[S]ome details of drapery to a servant girl from the East Pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, work of about 460 B.C. with additions and revisions in the first or second centuries A.D.,” he wrote.
I love the design and how it distinguishes this coin from other early commemoratives. Too many coins from that era have a generic male bust on the obverse and either an eagle or state symbol on the reverse. Because of the relative scarcity of this coin, buying one wasn’t cheap (this one had been cleaned, which lowered its value, but it still ended up costing over $100). The price tag was worth it, as this has become one of my favorite coins.
So I guess the lesson here is that I should buy more modern commemoratives – even those that I think are ugly. After all, maybe they’ll skyrocket in value in 100 years…
See Also:
In "The Coin Blog"
In "Politics"
In "Law"
https://victor-li.com/isabellaquarter/
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