Página principal  |  Contacto  

Correo electrónico:

Contraseña:

Registrarse ahora!

¿Has olvidado tu contraseña?

Secreto Masonico
 
Novedades
  Únete ahora
  Panel de mensajes 
  Galería de imágenes 
 Archivos y documentos 
 Encuestas y Test 
  Lista de Participantes
 EL SECRETO DE LA INICIACIÓN 
 Procesos Secretos del Alma 
 Estructura Secreta del Ritual Masónico 
 Los extraños Ritos de Sangre 
 Cámara de Reflexiones 
 
 
  Herramientas
 
General: TAPA DEL CLARIN EL 22 DE JULIO DE 1976 ASEGURIA QUE SI HAY VIDA DETRAS DE MARTE
Elegir otro panel de mensajes
Tema anterior  Tema siguiente
Respuesta  Mensaje 1 de 6 en el tema 
De: BARILOCHENSE6999  (Mensaje original) Enviado: 28/02/2020 02:13
Previsualización de la tapa del diario Clarin


Primer  Anterior  2 a 6 de 6  Siguiente   Último  
Respuesta  Mensaje 2 de 6 en el tema 
De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 25/03/2023 02:47
Previsualización de la tapa del diario Clarin

Respuesta  Mensaje 3 de 6 en el tema 
De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 27/05/2023 09:59


Respuesta  Mensaje 4 de 6 en el tema 
De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 04/07/2023 17:11


Respuesta  Mensaje 5 de 6 en el tema 
De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 04/06/2024 12:59
Viking 1
Viking orbiter/lander
 
Mission type Orbiter and lander
Operator NASA
COSPAR ID Orbiter: 1975-075A
Lander: 1975-075C
SATCAT no. Orbiter: 8108
Lander: 9024
Website Viking Project Information
Mission duration Orbiter: 1,846 days  (1797 sols)
Lander: 2,306 days  (2,245 sols)
Launch to last contact: 2,642 days
 
Spacecraft properties
Manufacturer Orbiter: NASA JPL
Lander: Martin Marietta
Launch mass 3,530 kg[a]
Dry mass Orbiter: 883 kg (1,947 lb)
Lander: 572 kg (1,261 lb)
Power Orbiter: 620 W
Lander: 70 W
 
Start of mission
Launch date 21:22, August 20, 1975 (UTC)[2][3]
Rocket Titan IIIE/Centaur
Launch site LC-41Cape Canaveral
 
End of mission
Last contact November 11, 1982[4]
 
Orbital parameters
Reference system Areocentric
 
Mars orbiter
Spacecraft component Viking 1 Orbiter
Orbital insertion June 19, 1976[2][5]
Orbital parameters
Periareion altitude 320 km (200 mi)
Apoareion altitude 56,000 km (35,000 mi)
Inclination 39.3°
Mars lander
Spacecraft component Viking 1 Lander
Landing date July 20, 1976[2]
11:53:06 UTC  (MSD 36455 18:40 AMT)
Landing site 22.27°N 312.05°E[2]
← None
 

Respuesta  Mensaje 6 de 6 en el tema 
De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 31/10/2024 02:38

Viking 2

 
OCCURRED 45 YEARS AGO

TYPE

Orbiter, Lander

LAUNCH

Sept. 9, 1975

TARGET

Mars

STATUS

Successful

Viking 2 touched down safely in the Utopia Planitia region of Mars, about 4,000 miles (6,460 kilometers) from the Viking 1. It was the second spacecraft to send science data back from the Martian surface.

Part of Viking 2 seen with Martian boulder field in the background.
NASA's Viking 2 on the surface of Mars.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

What was Viking 2?

Both NASA Viking missions used a combination of orbiter and lander to explore Mars in unprecedented detail.

  • Viking 2 entered orbit around Mars on Aug. 7, 1976.
  • The lander touched down safely on Sept. 3, 1976, about 4,000 miles (6,460 kilometers) from the Viking 1.
  • In total, the two Viking orbiters returned 52,663 images of Mars and mapped about 97 percent of the surface at a resolution of 984 feet (300 meters) resolution. The landers returned 4,500 photos of the two landing sites.
Nation United States of America (USA)
Objective(s) Mars Landing and Orbit
Spacecraft Viking-A
Spacecraft Mass 7,776 pounds (3,527 kilograms)
Spacecraft Power Lander each carried two SNAP-19 Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs); Orbiters were solar-powered
Mission Design and Management NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) / NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
Launch Vehicle Titan IIIE-Centaur (TC-3 / Titan no. E-3 / Centaur no. D-1T)
Launch Date and Time Sept. 9, 1975 / 18:39:00 UT
Launch Site Cape Canaveral, Fla. / Launch Complex 41
Scientific Instruments Orbiter
1. Imaging System (2 Vidicon Cameras) (VIS)
2. infrared Spectrometer for Water Vapor Mapping (MAWD)
3. Infrared Radiometer for Thermal Mapping (IRTM)

Lander
1. Imaging System (2 facsimile cameras)
2. Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GCMS)
3. Seismometer
4. X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer
5. Biological Laboratory
6. Weather Instrument Package (Temperature, Pressure, Wind Velocity)
7. Remote Sampler Arm

Aeroshell
1. Retarding Potential Analyzer
2. Upper-Atmosphere Mass Spectrometer
3. Pressure, Temperature, and Density Sensors

Key Dates

Sept. 9, 1975: Launch

Aug. 7, 1976: Viking 2 entered orbit around Mars

Sept. 3, 1976: Lander touches down safely on the surface of Mars

July 24, 1978: End of orbiter operations

April 12, 1980: End of lander mission

In Depth: Viking 2

The Viking-A spacecraft was scheduled to be launched first but ended up being launched second due to a problem with its batteries. It was renamed Viking 2.

After a successful launch and a course correction Sept. 19, 1975, Viking 2 entered orbit around Mars nearly a year after launch Aug. 7, 1976. Initial orbital parameters were 933 × 22,200 miles (1,502 × 35,728 kilometers) inclined at 55.6 degrees.

Line drawing of Viking Orbiter
Credit: NASA

As with Viking 1, photographs of the original landing site indicated rough terrain, prompting mission planners to select a different site at Utopia Planitia near the edge of the polar ice cap where water was located and where there was a better chance of finding signs of life.

The lander separated from the orbiter without incident at 20:19 UT Sept. 3, 1976, and after atmospheric entry, landed safely at 22:37:50 UT, about 4,000 miles (6,460 kilometers) from the Viking 1 landing site. Touchdown coordinates were 47.968 degrees north latitude and 225.71 degrees west longitude.

Photographs of the area showed a rockier, flatter site than that of Viking 1. The lander was in fact tilted 8.5 degrees to the west. Panoramic views of the landscape showed a terrain different from that of Viking 1, with much less definition and very little in the way of horizon features. Because of the lack of general topographical references on the ground, imagery from the orbiters was unable to precisely locate the lander.

Viking Lander Line Drawing
Credit: NASA

The biology experiments with scooped up soil collected on three occasions (beginning Sept. 12, 1976) produced similar results to its twin: inconclusive on whether life exists or ever has existed on the surface of Mars. Scientists believed that Martian soil contained reactants created by the ultraviolet bombardment of the soil that could produce characteristics of living organisms in Earth soil.

On Nov. 16, 1976, NASA announced that both Viking 1 and Viking 2 missions had successfully accomplished their mission goals and announced an extended mission that continued until May 1978 followed by a "Continuation Mission" until July 1979.

The orbiter continued its successful imaging mission, coming within 17 miles (28 kilometers) of the Martian Moon Deimos in May 1977.

A series of leaks prompted termination of the Viking 2 orbiter operations July 24, 1978, while the Viking 2 lander continued to transmit data until April 12, 1980.

In July 2001, the Viking 2 lander was renamed the Gerald Soffen Memorial Station after Gerald Soffen (1926-2000), the NASA Project Scientist for Viking who had died recently.

In total, the two Viking orbiters returned 52,663 images of Mars and mapped about 97% of the surface at a resolution of about 980 feet (300 meters) resolution.

The Viking landers returned 4,500 photos of the two landing sites.

https://science.nasa.gov/mission/viking-2/


Primer  Anterior  2 a 6 de 6  Siguiente   Último  
Tema anterior  Tema siguiente
 
©2024 - Gabitos - Todos los derechos reservados