The Mystery of Berenger Saunière and the Legend of the Hidden Treasure of Rennes-le-Chateau
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INTRODUCTION
Hello Seekers! I've just returned from an incredible trip through Iberia and the Pyrenees in search of traces of the Templars' presence and the famous legend of the Holy Grail in Europe, but one place in particular caught my attention:
Rennes-le-Chateau.
Obviously, there is an immense amount of content about all the experiences I had there, but if you follow us, you will possibly see them all here. In this one, we will explore the mysteries of the small citadel of Rennes-le-Chateau and its relationships with the Templars and even with the legend of the Holy Grail.
Taking a shortcut, there is a rather famous story that in Rennes-le-Chateau a treasure of immeasurable value was found. Who found this incredible treasure was a man named Berenger Saunière, a humble representative of the church who was sent to the place with the mission of rebuilding an old chapel attributed to Saint Mary Magdalene.
The story is so famous that it gave rise to several bestsellers, including the famous “Da Vinci Code”. Of course, the story there is just a fiction, but it has gathered facts and names from the real story that we are going to tell here.
SAUNIÈRE'S JOURNEY
Saunière was an envoy of the Catholic Church of little means who was assigned to preach, care for and renovate the small church of St. Mary Magdalene. The province where the Chateau is located, is not just any place in history. In addition to having been the scene of the presence of the Celts for millennia, it was also, demonstrably, the ground of mysterious orders and Templar and Cathar missions.
If you don't know what that means, let's keep it simple: The Celts, Templars and Cathars were bearers of great knowledge and treasures not yet completely understood and revealed. For example, it is believed that the Visigoths who inhabited this region would have in their hands great treasures plundered directly from Jerusalem by Emperor Titus, when the Visigoths invaded and sacked Rome during the fall of the Roman Empire.
The treasures of Titus, plundered from Jerusalem (70 AD)
In addition, oral traditions tell that the Templars and Cathars were also defenders of an alleged treasure. This treasure, possibly the Holy Grail, was explored by us in another content that you can check out here.
Returning to Saunière, it is known that the priest, during a restoration work on the church, began to find some very old and mysterious clues left by the former builders of the place. Some even speculate that Saunière was sent by "unknown men" to Rennes-le-Chateau for this preconceived purpose.
Among the clues found by the priest are:
A mysterious set of documents, hidden in a false bottom of a wooden baluster,
A mysterious tombstone below the main altar, with a figure of the Knights Templar and one of Mary Magdalene,
One or more crypts with as yet unknown relics.
SAUNIÈRE'S METEORIC RISE
Mysteriously, Saunière, after proceeding with the exploration and restoration work on the site, began to become incredibly rich, even with the large expenditures on the site. It is proven that Saunière received substantial donations from people linked to the nobility, from the faithful and through his brother, who was a kind of representative and financier for his work. But what is quite questionable is that the amount of money went far beyond simple donations.
Saunière began work on the construction of what is now the entire location of Villa Bethania, with a small castle with a beautiful garden, a tower dedicated to Mary Magdalene, and the complete restoration of the church. Saunière became the owner of works of art and financier of artists who covered the place with hundreds of mysterious figures and drawings.
From this undertaking, rumors began to emerge that Saunière had unearthed a treasure. How could a simple man get so much money in such a short time? The meteoric rise began to arouse suspicion not only among the local population, who said the priest was violating tombs in a cemetery within Church property, but among the clergy close to Saunière.
THE MYSTERIOUS CONNECTIONS AND SYMBOLISMS OF RENNES-LE-CHATEAU
Rennes-le-Chateau's history gets especially weird once you start looking into the details. In addition to all the mystery already proven by Saunière's sudden enrichment and the connection of the place with mystical orders and relic bearers, the Father made a point of leaving many puzzles and mysteries in the way of its construction and restoration.
Saunière seems to have done this to somehow warn someone or a specific group about his findings. We remind newcomers here that allegory and symbolism are an especially useful way of getting a message across to those who matter, dodging the most superficial looks and avoiding the persecution that was very common at the time. Let's look at some of that symbolism here:
The Saints inside the Church of Madalena
Saunière strangely arranged the saints within the Church of Magdalene following a somewhat original sequence. The initials of each one form the word GRAAL, (Saint Germain, Saint Roch, Saint Anthony of Egypt, Saint Anthony of Padua and Saint Luke), with Maria Madalena in the middle. Was it just a coincidence, or a message for the most attentive?
The Templar Tombstone
The Templar Tombstone found by Saunière under the altar is quite curious, too. On one side, a rather faint figure shows what appears to be a veiled woman, mounted on a mule, carrying an object. Some speculate that she is a newborn, others a relic. On the other side, the figure appears clearer, showing two men mounted on a horse. Although quite strange, this sign is clearly indicative of the Templar presence and common seal of the Order of the Knights of Christ.
The Devil at the Door
I was quite surprised when I saw a huge devil to the left of the church entrance! Usually these figures are not common in these places. After an attentive tour, we discovered that the statue would be more of a carefully constructed symbolism to show the “Map” of the region.
Above the head is the baptismal font with the water source of the entire region. The hands indicate two different places: the Circle of Rennes Le Bains and the Tombstone of Marie de Negre d`Ables in a curious play on words of the hand and the knee (Cinq Genou = Saint Genou) meaning the date of her death. Even the sitting position indicates a stone from the region that is known as the "Devil's Throne". Was it more a coincidence, or a treasure map?
“Et in Arcadia Ego”
A work of art by Nicolas Poussin especially attracted the attention of Saunière, who went to the Louvre himself to buy a copy of it: The Shepherds of Arcadia (Les Bergers d'Arcadie).
The Work of Art is allegedly set in the Rennes-le-Bains region and shows a huge tomb that reads “I was (or am) in Arcadia too”. The most incredible thing is that this tomb actually existed until the 1980s, when it was “destroyed” for attracting a legion of onlookers to the place.
In the future we intend to make another content talking more about this, but what is immediately asked here is: Whose tomb was it? What does this mysterious inscription and its connection with the strange characters in the image mean?
The Cryptogram of Marie de Negre d`Ables
If you enjoy solving secret agent-style puzzles, the story of Rennes-le-Chateau won't let you down. There are a number of cryptograms that were left and discovered here that reveal secret messages. One of them, quite strange is a tombstone of Marie de Negre d'Ables that has several grammatical errors and letters placed out of position. Supposedly these letters reveal yet another clue. Can you decipher?
Blanchefort, Bezu e Rennes-le-Chateau
Lastly, there is a rather strange coincidence, although it is considered just speculation. The locations of Rennes-le-Chateau, and the Templar castles of Blanchefort and Bezù form an almost perfect triangle, with a pentagram on two other peaks in the region (Lauzet and La Soulane). The angles are exactly 72 degrees. Is this more indicative of the secret symbol we see in most of the Templar holy sites? We know that many of the ancient constructions were made using strict principles of sacred geometry.
SAUNIÈRE'S END
As everything that begins has an end, Saunière also ended up having his. The priest, with his projects and discoveries, began to bother some representatives of the Catholic Church a lot. His superiors summoned him, and pressured him in various ways to abandon his personal projects. Wealth was also questioned, which led to intense persecution of Saunière, who was even banned from carrying out his work. Even so, defying the church, the priest continued.
It is unclear what was required of him, but after an avalanche of accusations, trials, punishments, Saunière's health slowly withered to a melancholy death on his estate at the age of 65. He was even offered a pardon, but he declined to remain at Rennes-le-Chateau.
BUT IN THE END, WHAT DID SAUNIÈRE DISCOVER?
Many have speculated that Rennes-le-Chateau's secret treasure is the Holy Grail itself. The big question is: what is the Grail? Was it special knowledge? A magical stone that bestows powers of plenty and abundance? Could it be a royal lineage that goes back to Jesus of Nazareth himself? What is not clear is how Saunière turned all this into riches. Had he given the treasure to some special person or order?
Another speculation is that Saunière found a Celtic, Cathar or Templar treasure. This treasure could be a special relic that was sold, or simply *lots* of buried gold and silver that are quite common in this region. There are many signs of ancient mines from Roman times until today.
Pierre Plantard, the founder of the Priory of Sion order (which really exists, but maybe it's not what you imagine), was very keen to link the Chateau's history to the designs of a new French order, or perhaps even a world order. Many books and documentaries have been made with this story in mind, but unfortunately it is modern and highly contested. Plantard recently passed away after being discredited and denying the whole story that was created by him in a lawsuit by the French Government.
The great mystery of all the history here is that no one has been able to explain precisely why the clues were left and what was kept and discovered here. More than that, the clues still point to possible other treasures that left (and still leave) the community excited to explore the history of the place, characters and their origins.
Myth is one of the tools to motivate exploration. Countless adventurers set out in search of great treasures and knowledge, and some, even though they didn't find it, found paths, characters and stories that are told and shared to this day. The legend of Saunière and the region of Rennes-le-Chateau is the perfect background for another journey with great learning, and who knows, the discovery of the very treasure that lies within us.
Greetings, and once again, the truth is out there!
Anthony of Padua (born 1195, Lisbon, Portugal—died June 13, 1231, Arcella, Verona [Italy]; canonized 1232; feast day June 13) was a Franciscan friar and a dedicated patron of the poor. Portugal and the city of Padua, Italy, claim him as their patron saint, and he is invoked for the return of lost property
Un OVNI, Mussolini y el Papa: un ufólogo dice tener pruebas de una bizarra conspiración ocurrida hace 90 años
Roberto Pinotti, presidente del Centro Nacional de Ufología de Italia (CUN), mostró documentos que indican que el régimen fascista ocultó el "aterrizaje" de una nave espacial en 1933 en Italia. Su investigación es apoyada por un ex funcionario del Pentágono, que afirma que ese objeto fue enviado a EEUU con ayuda de Pío XII.
Un investigador italiano compartió extraordinarios archivos que considera evidencia del posible primer incidente OVNI del mundo, ocurrido en Italia 14 años antes de Roswell. | CEDOC
Roberto Pinotti, presidente del Centro Nacional de Ufología de Italia (CUN), dijo que obtuvo los documentos sobre presunto accidente, ocurrido el 13 de junio de 1933 en el norte de Italia, después de que una persona anónima se los enviara por correo electrónico alegando que los había heredado de un pariente que trabajó para el dictador italiano.
Roberto Pinotti, presidente del Centro Nacional de Ufología de Italia
Los documentos de la era fascista que están en posesión de Pinotti incluyen dos telegramas de junio de 1933 en italiano, uno de los cuales exige "silencio absoluto" sobre un "presunto aterrizaje en suelo nacional de un avión desconocido".
ESTO NO LES GUSTA A LOS AUTORITARIOS
EL EJERCICIO DEL PERIODISMO PROFESIONAL Y CRÍTICO ES UN PILAR FUNDAMENTAL DE LA DEMOCRACIA. POR ESO MOLESTA A QUIENES CREEN SER LOS DUEÑOS DE LA VERDAD.
El otro telegrama, fechado el 13 de junio, amenaza con “arresto inmediato y penas máximas” para cualquier periodista que informe sobre una “aeronave de naturaleza y origen desconocidos” supuestamente hallada en suelo italiano.
“Se ordena la refundición inmediata de cualquier pista de los periódicos que lleven dicha noticia”, decía el segundo telegrama, el cual, al igual que el primero, dice que se trata de una “orden personal del Duce” Benito Mussolini.
Pinotti afirma que algunos documentos se refieren a un misterioso departamento gubernamental llamado “Gabinetto RS/33” (el Gabinete de Investigación Especial 33), supuestamente creado por Mussolini para gestionar la recuperación y el estudio de los supuestos restos del OVNI encontrado en 1933.
Benito Mussolini
Finalmente, el italiano también recibió memorandos escritos a mano en papel con membrete de una agencia gubernamental fechados el 22 de agosto de 1936 que incluyen un boceto y una descripción de un plato volador: un objeto cilíndrico con ojos de buey a los lados y luces blancas y rojas que presuntamente sobrevoló y se estrelló en el norte de Italia.
Pinotti dijo que a través de los papeles pudo identificar a SIAI Marchetti, una base aérea cerca del supuesto lugar del accidente en las afueras de Magenta, cerca de Milán, como el sitio probable donde se almacenaron los supuestos restos. Ese lugar se salvó de los bombardeos de los aliados durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial y en 1945 fue asegurado por las tropas estadounidenses y británicas.
“Un extraño avión de metal sin alas” en el norte de Italia
Dibujo del presunto OVNI que se estrelló en Italia en 1933.
La investigación y las pruebas documentales de Pinotti fueron recibidas con escepticismo en Italia. “Desde un punto de vista científico, estas son historias vergonzosas. Cualquier historiador palidecería al ver cómo uno pretende probar una cosa o la otra”, lamentó Giuseppe Stilo, miembro del Centro Italiano de Estudios OVNI, en declaraciones a Vice News.
Sin embargo, Pinotti contó a The Daily Mail que en 2000 el consultor científico italiano Antonio Garavaglia examinó los documentos y afirmó “con razonable certeza que solo la muestra examinada y el objeto de la tasación pueden considerarse originales y, por lo tanto, auténticos”.
“La evidencia habla por sí misma. Y muestra que el primer líder mundial que oficialmente (aunque en secreto) enfrentó el problema de los ovnis no fue el presidente Harry Truman con el incidente de Roswell en los Estados Unidos, sino el italiano Benito Mussolini”, aseguró.
La historia de Pinotti se ve apoyada por los recuerdos del italiano Marco Negri, cuya familia vive en el norte de Italia desde hace más de un siglo y contó que su tatarabuelo Pietro, alcalde de Arona de 1920 a 1950, le contó historias a su padre sobre un extraño “avión metálico sin alas” que se estrelló en Magenta en la década de 1930.
"Mi tatarabuelo Pietro le contó a mi padre una historia sobre el extraño accidente en 1933, desde que era joven", dijo Marco. “Era una historia de segunda mano que me contó mi padre cuando yo era niño a principios de la década de 1990. Pero coincide con la historia del accidente”.
“Me dijeron que un extraño avión de metal sin alas se estrelló en algún lugar entre Vergiate y Magenta”, agregó. “Me dijeron que había una gran censura en torno a este accidente. La policía secreta fascista fue enviada a las ciudades vecinas para mantener a la gente en silencio al respecto.
Marco dijo que la historia de su tatarabuelo también incluía un detalle salvaje que Pinotti también describió, sin evidencia: que “dos cuerpos” con “pelo y ojos claros” y “el tamaño de un niño” fueron encontrados dentro de la supuesta nave espacial que posteriormente fue escondida por el gobierno de Mussolini.
Grusch afirma que una de estas naves extraterrestres se estrelló en el norte de Italia en 1933 y fue escondida por Mussolini, antes de ser capturada por las fuerzas estadounidenses al final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y enviada a los Estados Unidos.
David Grusch, de 36 años, sirvió en la Fuerza Aérea y fue un oficial de combate condecorado de Afganistán que trabajó para la Agencia Nacional de Inteligencia Geoespacial (NGA) y la Oficina Nacional de Reconocimiento (NRO).
Grusch, un ex funcionario de la Agencia Nacional de Inteligencia Geoespacial estadounidense, afirmó que la supuesta nave extraterrestre fue enviada a los Estados Unidos después de que el Papa Pío XII informara a la Casa Blanca sobre esto casi una década antes del famoso “Incidente Roswell”.
“En 1933, se recuperó en Magenta, al norte de Italia, una embarcación con forma de campana, de unos diez metros de tamaño. El gobierno de Mussolini la conservó hasta 1944, cuando fue recuperada por agentes de la Oficina de Servicios Estratégicos (OSS, una antigua agencia de inteligencia de EE. UU.)', dijo al periódico francés Le Parisien.
"Irónicamente, es anterior a todo lo que el público ha escuchado durante décadas, como Roswell, etc.", dijo Grusch en una entrevista con News Nation.
El Departamento de Defensa negó que alguna vez se hayan recuperado restos de OVNIS en Estados Unidos. "Hasta la fecha, AARO no ha descubierto ninguna información verificable para corroborar las afirmaciones de que los programas relacionados con la posesión o la ingeniería inversa de materiales extraterrestres hayan existido en el pasado o existan actualmente", dijo la portavoz Susan Gough.
New International Version It is as if the dew of Hermon were falling on Mount Zion. For there the LORD bestows his blessing, even life forevermore.
New Living Translation Harmony is as refreshing as the dew from Mount Hermon that falls on the mountains of Zion. And there the LORD has pronounced his blessing, even life everlasting.
English Standard Version It is like the dew of Hermon, which falls on the mountains of Zion! For there the LORD has commanded the blessing, life forevermore.
Berean Standard Bible It is like the dew of Hermon falling on the mountains of Zion. For there the LORD has bestowed the blessing of life forevermore.
King James Bible As the dew of Hermon, and as the dew that descended upon the mountains of Zion: for there the LORD commanded the blessing, even life for evermore.
New King James Version It is like the dew of Hermon, Descending upon the mountains of Zion; For there the LORD commanded the blessing— Life forevermore.
New American Standard Bible It is like the dew of Hermon Coming down upon the mountains of Zion; For the LORD commanded the blessing there—life forever.
NASB 1995 It is like the dew of Hermon Coming down upon the mountains of Zion; For there the LORD commanded the blessing— life forever.
NASB 1977 It is like the dew of Hermon, Coming down upon the mountains of Zion; For there the LORD commanded the blessing—life forever.
Legacy Standard Bible It is like the dew of Hermon Coming down upon the mountains of Zion; For there, Yahweh commanded the blessing—life forever.
Amplified Bible It is like the dew of [Mount] Hermon Coming down on the hills of Zion; For there the LORD has commanded the blessing: life forevermore.
Christian Standard Bible It is like the dew of Hermon falling on the mountains of Zion. For there the LORD has appointed the blessing — life forevermore.
Holman Christian Standard Bible It is like the dew of Hermon falling on the mountains of Zion. For there the LORD has appointed the blessing— life forevermore.
American Standard Version Like the dew of Hermon, That cometh down upon the mountains of Zion: For there Jehovah commanded the blessing, Even life for evermore.
Contemporary English Version It is like the dew from Mount Hermon, falling on Zion's mountains, where the LORD has promised to bless his people with life forevermore.
English Revised Version Like the dew of Hermon, that cometh down upon the mountains of Zion: for there the LORD commanded the blessing, even life for evermore.
GOD'S WORD® Translation It is like dew on [Mount] Hermon, dew which comes down on Zion's mountains. That is where the LORD promised the blessing of eternal life.
Good News Translation It is like the dew on Mount Hermon, falling on the hills of Zion. That is where the LORD has promised his blessing--life that never ends.
International Standard Version It is like the dew of Hermon falling on Zion's mountains. For there the LORD commanded his blessing— life everlasting.
Majority Standard Bible It is like the dew of Hermon falling on the mountains of Zion. For there the LORD has bestowed the blessing of life forevermore.
NET Bible It is like the dew of Hermon, which flows down upon the hills of Zion. Indeed that is where the LORD has decreed a blessing will be available--eternal life.
New Heart English Bible like the dew of Hermon, that comes down on the hills of Zion: for there the LORD gives the blessing, even life forevermore.
Webster's Bible Translation As the dew of Hermon, and as the dew that descended upon the mountains of Zion: for there the LORD commanded the blessing, even life for ever.
World English Bible like the dew of Hermon, that comes down on the hills of Zion; for there Yahweh gives the blessing, even life forever more.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version As dew of Hermon—That comes down on hills of Zion, "" For there YHWH commanded the blessing—Life for all time!
Young's Literal Translation As dew of Hermon -- That cometh down on hills of Zion, For there Jehovah commanded the blessing -- Life unto the age!
Smith's Literal Translation As the dew of Hermon coming down upon the mountains of Zion: for there Jehovah commanded the blessing, life even forever.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible as the dew of Hermon, which descendeth upon mount Sion. For there the Lord hath commandeth blessing, and life for evermore.
Catholic Public Domain Version It is like the dew of Hermon, which descended from mount Zion. For in that place, the Lord has commanded a blessing, and life, even unto eternity.
New American Bible Like dew of Hermon coming down upon the mountains of Zion. There the LORD has decreed a blessing, life for evermore!
New Revised Standard Version It is like the dew of Hermon, which falls on the mountains of Zion. For there the LORD ordained his blessing, life forevermore.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible Like the dew of Hermon that falls upon the mount of Zion; for there the LORD commanded the blessing, even life for evermore.
Peshitta Holy Bible Translated Like the dew of Hermon that descends upon the mountain of Zion, because there LORD JEHOVAH commanded the blessing and the Life unto eternity.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917 Like the dew of Hermon, That cometh down upon the mountains of Zion; For there the LORD commanded the blessing, Even life for ever.
Brenton Septuagint Translation As the dew of Aermon, that comes down on the mountains of Sion: for there, the Lord commanded the blessing, even life for ever.
Tommaso Temanza (9 March 1705 – 14 June 1789) was an Italian architect and author of the Neoclassic period. Born in Venice, he was active both in his natal city and the mainland towns of the Republic of Venice.
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His family held bureaucratic posts for the city of Venice. He studied in Padua with the mathematician and professor Giovanni Poleni. He apprenticed as an architect under his uncle, Giovanni Antonio Scalfarotto. He helped train Matteo Lucchesi, the uncle of Piranesi. One of his first jobs was as a proto or chief architecture for the Magistrate of the waterways, a position also held by Lucchesi. Among his works include the church of Santa Margherita (circa 1748) in Padua; the private chapel on the grounds of Villa Contarini located in Piazzola sul Brenta; and a loggia for Ca' Zenobio in Venice. His masterpieces are however for churches in Venice, including the cylindrical church of Santa Maria Maddalena (where his remains rest), the church of San Servolo and the chapel Sagredo in San Francesco della Vigna. The abandoned project for the facade of Ca' Sagredo in Venice.
He is best known for his 1778 biography of architects from Venice: Vite dei più celebri architetti e scrittori veneziani.[1] In 1762, he also wrote a biography of Andrea Palladio (Vita di Andrea Palladio).[2]
The Chapel of La Madeleine, located in Saint-Lô in the French department of Manche, is a historical site that has been transformed into a World War II memorial. This chapel is a testament to the city's rich history and its resilience during the war. It serves as a poignant reminder of the sacrifices made by the soldiers of the 29th and 35th Infantry Divisions of the United States who liberated Saint-Lô in 1944.
On June 6, 1944, Allied soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy in northern France in the operation known as D-Day. More than 150,000 troops took part in the largest seaborne invasion in history, which marked a turning point in the war. Ahead of the 70th anniversary of D-Day, Reuters photographer Chris Helgren compiled archive pictures taken during the 1944 invasion, and then visited the same places to photograph them as they appear today.
El periodista Abel Basti investiga la muerte de Hitler desde hace casi dos décadas. Con varios libros en su haber, que cubren la presunta huida del genocida nazi de Alemania y su nueva vida en Sudamérica, ahora, el periodista dice contar con testimonios inéditos de la estadía de Hitler en la Patagonia argentina.
Entre algunos de los testimonios más sobresalientes, se encuentra el de un teniente coronel retirado, hoy de 93 años. En 1953, mientras se encontraba en el Colegio Militar, fue llamado por el presidente Perón, quien le encomendó la secreta misión de alcanzar algunos documentos secretos al mismísimo Adolf Hitler, a quien encontró en una residencia de Bariloche.
Se trató de un encuentro muy breve. En el mismo día, el Teniente fue recogido del Colegio Militar, trasladado a Casa de Gobierno y, desde allí, hasta un avión militar que lo llevó a Bariloche. El diálogo con Hitler fue breve. Entregó la documentación, se fue, y esa misma noche estaba de regreso en el Colegio Militar.
También existe el testimonio de una mujer, Eloísa Luján, que asegura haber trabajado en la estancia San Ramón, en la Patagonia, como catadora de las comidas de Hitler. La mujer afirma que el Führer llegó hasta allí en tren, a una estación que se encuentra dentro de la estancia. Su relato se complementa con el de un electricista que asegura haber arreglado el tren desde el que partió Hitler, y haberlo visto en persona, en la estación San Antonio Oeste.
Basti dice contar con documentación de inteligencia de la policía, del año 1941, que detallan la formación de "pueblos nazis en Villa La Angostura y Villa Traful". Además, señala la existencia de un testigo, de nombre Francisca, que asegura haber atendido a Hitler y Eva Braun en la estancia Inalco, también en la región patagónica.
Finalmente, se espera un próximo libro que, entre otros testimonios, recoge el de un soldado argentino, de ascendencia alemana, que trabajó como chofer del destacamento de Bariloche. De niño, había conocido personalmente a Hitler después de completar un curso de instrucción en Alemania. Durante el acto de egreso, Hitler le obsequió un pequeño zepelín de juguete.
El soldado solía hacer viajes a la estancia San Ramón, llevando y trayendo al jerarca nazi Von Fritz. Con el tiempo, entablaron afinidad. Un día, Von Fritz le confesó que Hitler estaba viviendo en la estancia. Animado, el soldado le preguntó si acaso Hitler se recordaría de él.
La siguiente vez que se vieron, Von Fritz le aseguró que de hecho Hitler sí se acordaba y que lo esperaba pronto. El soldado estuvo con Hitler en dos ocasiones. Todo el tiempo hablaron en alemán.
The relationship between Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette is often oversimplified and minimized into stereotypes or at best, overshadowed by the theory of the Dashing Romantic Swede Affair.
On the other hand, it’s important to understand the type of love they shared when we discuss the dynamic between Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.
To quote Madame de Mackau in a letter written to her husband about potential nuptials between Madame Elisabeth and Joseph II: “But, my friend, people up there don’t get married for happiness…”
And this holds true for the relationship between Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI. They were not passionate lovers who fell swooning into each other’s arms and ran off to the local church to get married and start a life together; they did not fall in love at first sight, harps plucking and cupids dancing in the background.
At the first, they were two young teenagers who were paired together solely for political and dynastic purposes. Their relationship was founded not on love or even a mutual agreeable affection--it was founded on pure politics, politics which were uncaring of any feeling they might have (or develop) towards one another. They represented their respective countries, and their duty was to marry and reproduce in order to cement an alliance between said countries: their individuality and preferences didn’t matter.
Over time, however, they grew to appreciate and love one another. Marie Antoinette grew to respect--as she wrote--her husband’s “solid worth,” particularly when compared to his brothers. Louis XVI grew to adore his wife, so much so that he is often described today as describing her like a “mistress,” since it was the affection-chosen mistress--not the politically-chosen wife--who was the actual love of the king of France.
This type of love is somewhat difficult to approach from our 21st century conception of a loving marriage. It is not ordinary romantic love--for they did not love each other when they married--but a love that was nurtured between two people over years of shared experiences.
Their love was borne of a mutually shared position in life, a situation they never expected to realistically control. Marriage, for people in their station, was about alliances and duty. Love, if it happened between a political married couple, was a luxury. And love was certainly not something that every politically married couple enjoyed--George IV and his wife Caroline of Brunswick being just one strong example of a loveless political marriage.
Yet love did happen between this couple, who had practically opposite personalities, who faced immense pressure from the first moments of their marriage, who faced both internal and external stressors that created conflict in their personal and public roles as wife/husband and queen/king, and who ultimately decided to remain together with their children regardless of the danger than separate.
It was this love which guided Louis XVI to lament to one of his lawyers about the French people’s view of his wife and to bitterly say, again and again: “If only they knew what she is worth.”
Kirsten Dunst as Marie- Antoinette and Jason Schwartzman as Louis XVI in the 2006 film interpretation of the queen’s life
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Marie-Antoinette has endured centuries of negative press – and now, more than 200 years after being guillotined, things are about to get worse as far as the late monarch’s reputation is concerned.
A historian and biographer of the queen is set to publish a tranche of correspondence which she claims proves that not only was the notorious queen of France unfaithful to her husband, Louis XVI, but that one of her children was illegitimate.
Born in Austria in 1755, Marie-Antoinette married Louis in 1770. Her indulgent lifestyle and frivolous spending came to symbolise the excesses of the reviled French monarchy. Her decadence was a factor in the unrest that led to the French Revolution and the monarchy’s demise.
In her book, I Love You Madly – Marie-Antoinette: The Secret Letters, the British historian Evelyn Farr lays bare the queen’s alleged infidelity with the powerful Swedish statesman Axel von Fersen and calls into question the parentage of her daughter, Sophie, who died as an infant, proposing the princess was fathered by the devoted lover.
The title of the book, due out next spring, was inspired by a quote from the adoring count, who told the royal in one letter: “I love you and will love you madly all my life.” She in turn called him “the most loved and loving of men” and informed him “my heart is all yours”.
Until now the only correspondence published between Marie-Antoinette and Count Fersen concerns affairs of state. The complete and unexpurgated collection of their letters “confirms unequivocally their passionate and enduring love affair,” according to the book’s publisher Peter Owen.
“This is the first time the full extent of their relationship has been exposed,” according to Ms Farr.
Count Fersen and Marie-Antoinette (Getty Images; Rex Features)
Months spent trawling through archives in the UK, France and Sweden revealed a wealth of information, leaving the author in no doubt that the pair were lovers.
The author says she needed “detective-like skills” to decode many of the couple’s letters. They used a series of techniques to ensure their romance remained top secret, from writing in invisible ink and using code to creating secret stamps and enlisting trusted friends as go-betweens. “Because it was such a compromising correspondence it had to be kept secret,” Ms Farr says.
Some of their acquaintances were rather less discreet than the pair might have hoped, though. Previously unpublished correspondence between their “very gossipy” friends sheds a whole new light on their relationship, says Ms Farr, who believes one particular revelation will send shockwaves across France.
“From what the Duke of Dorchester insinuated to the Duchess of Devonshire, it was fairly obvious [Princess] Sophie was Fersen’s child,” Ms Farr reveals.
Many French scholars are “reluctant” to acknowledge the pair were more than just good friends, according to the author, but the historian believes her research settles the matter once and for all.
“‘I love you madly’ is a very strong phrase – you don’t say that to a good friend. It’s really telling; it implies a physical relationship. They were lovers,” she insists.
“It was a pretty instantaneous crush they had on each other,” Ms Farr says of the pair’s first meeting, which occurred when they were in their late teens in about 1774.
“They were extremely smitten,” she adds, claiming that the relationship lasted until Marie-Antoinette’s untimely death at the hands of the revolutionaries in 1793.
“Most French historians sit on the fence. Some insist it was a platonic love, others say we can never be sure,” Ms Farr says.
“I found quite a few declarations of love. Once you’ve started discovering passages like those you can’t sit on the fence any more.”
Royal letters: Intimate exchanges
Count Fersen to Marie Antoinette
25 October 1791
“My dear and very tender friend – my God, how cruel it is to be so close and not be able to see each other! … I live and exist only to love you; adoring you is my only consolation”
29 October 1791
“Adieu, my tender friend, I love you and will love you madly all my life”
Marie Antoinette to Count Fersen
4 January 1792
“I am going to close, but not without telling you, my dear and very tender friend, that I love you madly and never, ever could I exist a moment without adoring you”
This square used to be named Place Louis XV after the king who built it, including the two magnificent buildings looking on the square, which were royal property. In the middle of the square used to stand a statue of the same king, which was of course destroyed during the French Revolution. The obelisk, a gift from Egypt, came later in 1836.
With 19 acres, this is the largest square in Paris, therefore it was used for celebrations gathering large crowds: a notable one was a banquet for the marriage of the future Louis XVI with Marie-Antoinette. During that event, fireworks ignited a fire which caused panic among the thousands of people attending and over one hundred of them died crushed by the mass movement.
During the reign of terror, one of the guillotines was placed there for executions of high profile personalities: including the king and queen, and many members of the revolutionary government like Danton and Robespierre. By the foot of the obelisk, a plaque serves as a reminder of the events.
Cette place, inauguree en 1763, fut appelle, a l'origine, Place Louis XV. De novembre 1792 a mai 1795 alors denommee Place de la Revolution, elle fut le lieu principal des executions publiques, dont celle de Louis XVI le 21 janvier 1793 et de Marie-Antoinette le 16 octobre 1793.
English translation: "This square, created in 1763, was originally called Place Louis XV. From November 1792 to May 1795, at the time denommee Place de la Revolution, it was the main place for public executions, including that of Louis XVI on 21 Jan. 1793 and Marie-Antoinette on 16 Oct. 1793. [AWS Translate]"
This square used to be named Place Louis XV after the king who built it, including the two magnificent buildings looking on the square, which were royal property. In the middle of the square used to stand a statue of the same king, which was of course destroyed during the French Revolution. The obelisk, a gift from Egypt, came later in 1836.
With 19 acres, this is the largest square in Paris, therefore it was used for celebrations gathering large crowds: a notable one was a banquet for the marriage of the future Louis XVI with Marie-Antoinette. During that event, fireworks ignited a fire which caused panic among the thousands of people attending and over one hundred of them died crushed by the mass movement.
During the reign of terror, one of the guillotines was placed there for executions of high profile personalities: including the king and queen, and many members of the revolutionary government like Danton and Robespierre. By the foot of the obelisk, a plaque serves as a reminder of the events.