Capitolio Nacional de Cuba (Robert Rausch para The New York Times)
Seis meses después, no hay tantos estadounidenses que quieran viajar a Cuba
BY FRANCES ROBLES
Apenas seis meses después de haber sido la primera aerolínea en vender lugares para vuelos regulares a Cuba, Silver Airways, una compañía aérea con sede en Fort Lauderdale, Florida, y especializada en mercados pequeños, dejará de volar hacia la isla en abril. Esta es la decisión más reciente en la industria que pone de manifiesto que viajan a Cuba menos estadounidenses de lo que se previó como parte del restablecimiento de las relaciones entre ambos países.
También hubo reducciones por parte de American Airlines y JetBlue hace algunas semanas, en las que optaron por aviones más pequeños o disminuyeron el número de vuelos. El 13 de marzo, Frontier Airlines, una empresa con sede en Denver, afirmó que dejaría de ofrecer su vuelo diario de Miami a La Habana a partir del 4 de junio. Esta aerolínea asegura que los costos de sus viajes a La Habana excedieron significativamente los supuestos iniciales y que “las condiciones del mercado no se concretaron”.
United Airlines todavía da servicio desde Newark y Houston, y Alaska Airlines vuela a La Habana desde Los Ángeles. Delta ofrece tres vuelos diarios a La Habana desde Atlanta, Miami y Nueva York. Algunos destinos en la isla como Santa Clara resultaron menos populares de lo que esperaban las aerolíneas y algunas se han visto obligadas a reducir su oferta.
“Iniciamos a lo grande con Cuba”, opinó Laura Masvidal, portavoz de American Airlines. “Hicimos algunas modificaciones para ajustarnos a la demanda del mercado”.
Hasta febrero, American Airlines ofrecía 1920 lugares diarios para viajar a Cuba. Este número se limitó el mes pasado a 1472, una disminución de casi el 25 por ciento. La aerolínea redujo los vuelos a Holguín, Santa Clara y Varadero de dos a uno diario, según afirma Masvidal.
JetBlue Airways, la compañía que inauguró los vuelos a Cuba el 31 de agosto, sigue ofreciendo cerca de 50 vuelos redondos semanales entre Estados Unidos y cuatro ciudades cubanas, aunque recientemente cambió a aviones más pequeños.
Aunque algunos expertos afirman que los cambios que se están presentando en este nuevo mercado no reflejan la falta de pasajeros, sino la precipitación de las aerolíneas al saturar este nuevo territorio con lugares que el mercado de ninguna manera podía satisfacer.
El tráfico de pasajeros a Cuba en realidad está aumentando a un ritmo acelerado.
“El mercado se está expandiendo”, aseveró Chad Olin, presidente de Cuba Candela, especialista en reservaciones de viajes a la isla para turistas millennials. “También está ocurriendo cierto ajuste en la demanda, pero en el resultado neto sigue siendo uno de los mercados de mayor crecimiento en la historia del turismo”.
Olin explicó que los restaurantes, los bares y las rentas de casas particulares están mucho más saturados de estadounidenses que hace unos meses. “Escuchas a estadounidenses por todas partes”, escribió en un correo electrónico.
El número de nacionales de Estados Unidos que visitaron Cuba aumentó en un 125 por ciento en enero en comparación con el mismo periodo el año pasado, informó el gobierno, que lo llamó una “estampida virtual”. Según este, los estadounidenses se vieron motivados a viajar cuanto antes debido a la orden del gobierno de Trump de revisar todas las políticas referentes a Cuba.
Airlines Drop Cuba Flights, Citing Lower Demand Than Anticipated.
Just six months after being the first airline to sell seats on regularly scheduled flights to Cuba, Silver Airways, a regional carrier based in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., that specializes in smaller markets, will scrap its service to the island next month. It is the latest industry move to underscore that fewer Americans are traveling to Cuba than originally anticipated.
Citing low demand and competition from major airlines, Silver said it would cease its operations in Cuba effective April 22. The move follows other reductions by American Airlines and JetBlue, which in recent weeks either switched to smaller aircraft or cut back on the number of flights. Experts say the changes in the young market illustrate not so much a lack of passengers, but the rush of airlines into new territory with an abundance of seats the market could not possibly fill.
“Other airlines continue to serve this market with too many flights and oversized aircraft, which has led to an increase in capacity of approximately 300 percent between the U.S. and Cuba,” said Misty Pinson, the director of communications for Silver. “It is not in the best interest of Silver and its team members to behave in the same irrational manner as other airlines.”
On Monday, Denver-based Frontier Airlines said that it would cease its daily flight to Havana from Miami on June 4. The airline said costs in Havana significantly exceeded initial assumptions, “market conditions failed to materialize” and too much capacity had been allocated between Florida and Cuba.
Regularly scheduled passenger jet service to Cuba had been cut off for more than 50 years. Americans who wanted to go there had to go through third countries or take expensive charter flights that were notorious for long delays and steep baggage fees.
President Barack Obama renewed diplomatic relations with Cuba in 2015, and then brought back commercial airline travel last year. The companies that were authorized by the Department of Transportation booked routes not just to Havana, but also to less traveled cities such as Manzanillo and Holguín. With no history of commercial airline traffic to judge by, the airlines were largely guessing how many United States citizens and Cubans would line up for tickets.
United Airlines has service from Newark and Houston, and Alaska Airlines flies to Havana from Los Angeles. Delta offers three daily flights to Havana from Atlanta, Miami and Kennedy International Airport in New York. Destinations like Santa Clara proved to be less popular than the airlines had hoped, and some were forced to scale back.
“We started pretty big in Cuba,” said Laura Masvidal, a spokeswoman for American Airlines. “We made some adjustments to adjust to the market demand.”
Until February, American Airlines offered 1,920 seats a day to Cuba. The number dropped last month to 1,472, a nearly 25 percent reduction. The airline cut flights to Holguín, Santa Clara and Varadero to one daily flight from two, Ms. Masvidal said.
JetBlue Airways, which on Aug. 31 was the first to fly to Cuba, still offers nearly 50 weekly round-trip flights between the United States and four Cuban cities, but the airline recently switched to smaller planes.
“We have made some adjustment to aircraft types assigned to the routes, which is common as we constantly evaluate how to best utilize our aircraft fleet within our network,” said Doug McGraw, an airline spokesman.
Silver Airways has been flying 22 flights a week with smaller aircraft to nine Cuban destinations other than the capital, including Santa Clara, Holguín and Cayo Coco. Demand, Ms. Pinson said, was depressed by complications with online travel agency distribution and code-share agreements that still have not been resolved. The airline had already tried reducing its offerings.
The airline’s decision comes even as passenger traffic to Cuba is actually increasing at a brisk pace.
“The market is exploding,” said Chad Olin, the president of Cuba Candela, which specializes in booking trips to Cuba for the millennial traveler. “There is some demand adjustment happening as well, but net outcome is still one of the fastest growing markets in global tourism history.”
Mr. Olin said restaurants, bars and private home rentals are now much more crowded with Americans than even just a few months ago. “You hear American English spoken everywhere,” he said in an email.
And to hear the Cuban government media tell it, Americans interested in visiting Cuba were triggered by a message that told everyone to “travel now.”
The number of Americans who visited Cuba was up 125 percent in January, compared with the same month last year, the government reported, calling it a “virtual stampede.” Americans, the report said, were prompted by President Trump’s administration calling for a total review of the Cuba policies enacted by Mr. Obama.
Under the administration of George W. Bush, Cuban-Americans were limited to how often they could visit their families, so that niche also had a 38 percent increase, the Cuban media report said.
But it was still not enough to fill the flights.
“I think that a lot of airlines thought that there would be more demand than there is,” said Paul Berry, a spokesman for Spirit airlines, which flies twice a day to Havana from Fort Lauderdale. “Loads are not very heavy.”
Mr. Berry said there are still glitches, including not being able to easily use American credit cards. Cuban hotels are pricey, and some travelers are turned off by the extra costs for things like required traveler’s medical insurance and visas. The landing fees alone, Mr. Berry said, are sometimes more expensive than the actual airfare.
American citizens are still required to report which of the 12 authorized types of travel they are undertaking, which could also be limiting the number of potential passengers, he said. Religious and educational trips are allowed, but tanning on the beach is not. Many Americans are “not willing to flat-out lie” about why they are going, Mr. Berry said.
“A lot of people are not traveling; I think that’s why you see other airlines scale back,” he said. “There’s just not as much demand to go around.”
AVIÓN QUE TRANSPORTO AL PRESIDENTE BARACK OBAMA A LA HABANA - 2016 -
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